• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important aspects of economic production of sorghums in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N application rates and its split N application methods on productivity, growth characteristics, N accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), and feed value of Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrids. Treatments consisted of five N application rates (0, 150, 200, 250, and $300kg\;ha^{-1}$) and two split N application methods (40% in basal N, 30% at the growing stage, and 30% after the first harvest vs. 50% in basal N and 50% after the first harvest). Plant height, leaf width, and stem diameter were increased ($p{\leq}0.05$) with increasing N fertility rates at each harvest. Chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD values) was the highest at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1)$ (first harvest, 46.32; second harvest, 33.09). It was the lowest at zero N (first harvest, 21.56; second harvest, 18.5). Total N, N uptake, and NUE were increased with higher N rates. Split N application had little effect on total N, amount of N uptake, or NUE. Total dry matter yields were the highest ($21,715\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at a rate of $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. It was the lowest ($10,054\;kg\;ha^{-1}$) at zero N. Our results suggest that more than $300\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ can improve dry matter yield to be above 116% compared to zero N, thus enhancing the agronomic characters of sorghums. However, no significant effect had been found for split N application. Further work is needed to determine the optimal N levels and the effect of split N application rates.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 1977

In this experiment, we expected yield increase depending on the control of ineffective tiller, heightening of effective tillering ratio and continuous supply of nitrogen until later growth stage of rice plant by deep layer split application. Treats were applied at Tongil and Jinheung variety, clayey loam and sandy loam soil, and drained and non-drained condition. Nitrogenous fertilizer application wab adopted as liquefied(50%) and lumped (50% and 80%) fertilizer at 12cm depth of soil before 35 days of rice heading time against the standard soil surface application. The results are summarized as follaw. 1. a. Jinheung showed great variant width of tiller numbers per rice plant growth stage, and low effective tillering ratio at soil surface dressing. But in the case of deep layer split application, the number of tiller increased normally, and effective tillering ratio was high. b. At Tonsil, the width of increase and decrease range of effective tiller number between soil surface dressing and deep layer split application was not so high as Jinheung. Deep layer split application of 80% lumped fertilizer showed maximum effective tillering ratio ($83%{\sim}93%$). C. In the case of Jinheung, it was supposed that deep layer split application of 80% lumped fertilizer was excessive nitrogen quantity. d. Effective tillering ratio was higher than Tonsil at Jinheung. 2. The number of grains per hill was increased by the deep layer split application, but the ripening ratio was decreased inversely with the increase of total grain number. 3. Length of top leaves was elongated at Jinheung by deep layer split application. It showed significant correlation between top leaves length and grain yield. 4. Deep layer split application inclosed N content of harvested straw. Yield and N content of straw showed possitive correlation. 5. The ratio of unhulled grain yield per straw weight was increased by deep layer splication. This ratio was higher at Jinheung than Tonsil. 6. Grain yield was appeared in order of 80% lumped fertilizer>50% lumped fertilizer>50% liquefied fertilizer>surface dressing by the deep layer split application. The yield increasing factors were the increasing of effective tillering ratio, number of panicles per hill and number of ripening grains per hill. 7. Grain yield was increased at Tongil in sandy loam soil and at Jinheung in clayey loam soil by deep layer split application. 8. The grain yield was increased at drained conditions of clayey loam soil and non-drained conditions of sandy loam soil. But in the case of 80% lumped fertilizer of deep layer split application at the sandy loam soil, the yield was not increased at non-drained conditions. 9. The effect of yield increase by deep layer split application comparing with the surface dressing was higher at Tonsil than ginheung, in spite of low ripening ratio of Tonsil caused by low temperature at heading and harvesting time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the appropriate split application method of nitrogen fertilizer in infant rice seedlings which show poor seedling growth resulted from extended seedling nursery duration more than 12 days. The 16 day-old infant rice seedling (DOIRS) showed poor seedling growth than 8 day-old seedling. Early growth of transplanted 16 DOIRS was poor, compared with that of transplanted 8 DOIRS. However, the poor plant growth estimated by plant height, tiller number, and the number of newly developed roots was compensated by 70-0-30% (basaltillering-panicle initiation) of nitrogen split application. In 70-0-30% plots among split nitrogen application methods, tiller number, biomass, and leaf area at heading stage of rice showed the highest values. Sixteen DOIRS plots showed lower grain filling and 1000-grain weight, resulted in lower yield of rice than 8 DOIRS plots in the same nitrogen split application. However the lower yield in 16 DOIRS plots was recovered by 70-0-30% of nitrogen split application method to a similar level in 8 DOIRS plots in which nitrogen was split applied by 40-30-30%.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2015

This study suggests that the application of split screen as visual media can attain the effect of diversity through providing rich information and accepting diverse contents as gorgeous aesthetics. Single images are analyzed as appropriate to a demanded concentration genre such as news and dramas, entertainment. In contrast, images with natural images and ads images those are more appropriate and analyzed as the genre of the split-screen which is highly efficiency to the contents and also highly efficiency to the spatial diversification. In introducing various genres of digital contents into split screen, the synergy of contents is induced by placement in consideration of the characteristics of split screen position. In order to increase the concentration of the split-screen image, using the left area and right area above it, can increase the effectiveness of the content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1987

To search for the optimal nitrogen application method for the machine transplanting to Dongjinbyeo, compared to conventional method, in the various methods of nitrogen split application at different growth stages of rice plant. This experiment was performed at Honam Crop Experiment Station, in 1985 year. The results were as followed; the nitrogen contents of leaf blade was the highest at maximum tillering stage under the conventional method and reduction division stage under the nitrogen top-dressing at panicle initiation and 5 times split application of nitrogen for the whole rice growth stages. CGR, RGR and NAR after heading was highest under 5 times split application of nitrogen for the whole rice growth stages. Relationships between CGR and NAR, NAR and RGR, CGR and RGR showed the positive correlation significantly at each rice growth stage, respectively, and showed more high correlation according to further rice growth stages. The degree of contribution of CGR to rice grain yield was the highest at 20 days after heading. Rice grail: yield was higher under top-dressing of nitrogen at panicle initiation and basal application (30%) + 4 times equal dispensing top-dressing after basal application of nitrogen than conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 1974

In order to investigate the effect of split application of silicate fertilizers on the rice plant, this studies, designed with two kinds of silicate material, wollastonite and high concentrated fused silicate material, and 4 types of application dates on the pot experiment without chemical control against diseases, have conducted the silica analysis of rice plant and diseased rates of plant during the all growing stages. The silica contents in rice plant with basal application were increased most highly compared with the split applications during the all growing stage, but they were all much the same between the basal and split application at the harvest. High concentrated fused silicate material was more useful to increase the silica content in rice plant than wollastonite and effect of split application of silica was dominant with this fused silicate material. The diseased leaf area by rice blast was decreased from the 50% of uncontrolled plot to 20~40% by the split application with wollastonite and to 5~15% with high concentrated fused silicate material. Also percents of deseased panicles were decreased to 20% with wollastonite and to 10% with high concentrated fused silicate material.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1969

In order to improve nearly unarable soils, poor in humus and poorly drained coarse textured, derived from fluvio marine deposit; a factorial experiment have been conducted to find out the influence of compost, increased potassium application and split application of potassium on the yield and germination of soybean variety Haman. The result obtained arid discussed may be summarized as follows. (1) The soybean yield increase was significant by the application of compost, increased amount of potassium and split application of potassium. (2) The application of compost significantly increased the numbers of germination. (3) The increased amount of potash and split application of potash fertilizer showed an apparent effect on the increase of germination and grain numbers per plant. (4) There was a positive relation between the number of grains per plant and the number of pods per plant, however, the increased numbers of pods per plant has not a direct effect for the increase of soybean yield per unit area. (5) Above results suggests that the improvement of nearly unarable Woolsuk Island soils derived from fluvio marine coarse material may be possible by the application of compost, increased amount and split application of potash fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1974

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of application time of fertilizer nitrogen on its rate of uptake and its distribution in rice plant. The rate of applied fertilizer was 100kg/ha, as a single application at transplanting time and four equal split applications of 25kg/ha was applied at transplanting time, 3 weeks after transplanting, 1 week before the primodial initiation stage of growth and at the flag leaf stage of growth, respectively. The ammonium sulfate was labelled with N-15, as 1% atom excess for single application and 4.4% atom excess for split applications. The results are sumarized as follows: 1. The effect of split application of nitrogen on yield was observed. The yield of brown rice of the single application at transplanting time was 3.1 ton/ha and the split application was 3.4 ton/ha. However, without nitrogen the yield was reduced to 1.9 ton/ha. 2. The number of grains per panicle and 1000 grains weight were increased as split application of nitrogen, but for the number of panicles per hill and maturing rate, the single application of nitrogen revealed favorable results. 3. The rate of uptake of applied fertilizer nitrogen showed a tendency that the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen increased by top dressing. The rate of uptake of applied nitrogen as basal application, first top dressing, second top dressing and third top dressing was 28%, 33% 51% and 63%, respectively. 4. After shooting stage of the growth, nitrogen in straws transfered to grains. The nitrogen applied at flag leaf stage was absorbed by root and easily accumulated in grains rather than straw.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10c
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• pp.111-113
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• 2000

We discuss the problem of resource reservation, such as bandwidth, for delay sensitive application in wireless networking environment. As multimedia application is becoming a critical role of the current mobile network, the resource reservation become very important to support the real-time service. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new resource reservation protocol, called Split Reservation Protocol, in wireless network. The simulation results show that our proposed protocol outperforms an existing protocol called MPSVP in terms of network overhead.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.460-464
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• 2007

This study was carried out to elucidate the proper split application method of nitrogen fertilizer for early dry seeding culture of rice in Honam plain area from 1997 to 1998 in Korea. Dongjinbyeo was selected as rice variety for this experiment. The rate of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen was split as 40-30-30% of total nitrogen at three different application time combination ; T1) basal-5th leaf-panicle formation(PF) stage, T2) 3rd leaf-5th leaf-PF, and T3) 3rd leaf-7th leaf-PF. The content of $NH_4-N$ in soil at 5th leaf stage was higher in top dressing plots(T2, T3) compared with basal application(T1), at 7th leaf stage it was most in top dressed at 3rd leaf and 5th leaf stage, but there was no difference at heading stage. Amount of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency was higher in the order of T3, T2 and T1(basal application). Spikelet number per unit area was more in the order of T3, T2 and T1, but rate of ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight were not significantly different among three nitrogen split application methods. Milled rice yields were higher in top dressed plots compared with basal nitrogen application plots. From the results of this experiment, reasonable nitrogen split application method for early dry seeding culture of rice could be 40-30-30% of total nitrogen at 3rd leaf, 7th leaf and panicle formation stage.