• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.58-60
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance. In both studies, ISA Brown layers were kept in laying hen cages and treatments were represented by three or four replicates each containing 25 or 34 birds. In Experiment 1, the control group(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein - low Ca diet and low energy/protein - high Ca diets in a.m. and p.m., respectively. In split diet groups, ME and CP consumption, and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were significantly reduced(P＜0.05) compared to C group, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. In the second study, C and T1 groups were fed the diets same to the C and T2 groups in Experiment 1, respectively. And T2 group was fed the diet mixed with the split diets for a.m. in mash and p.m. in pellet used in T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P＜0.05), while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(P＜0.05) in T1 and T2, while the ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C group. In both study, eggshell qualities were improved(P＜0.05) by split diet feeding. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be spared by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m., and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets was also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

This study was investigated to study split diets on laying performance and eggshell quality with Hy-Line brown layers 43 weeks old for 12 weeks Layers fed a conventional diet and split diets were divided into morning and afternoon diet. The conventional diet contained 3.4 % Ca was given constant nutrients all day. Hens of the split diets fed morning diets contained 0.5 % Ca constantly and afternoon diets contained 5.9, 8.0, and 10.0 % Ca in T1to T3. Split diets were given morning diets from 04:00 to 15:00 and afternoon diets 15:00 to 21 :00 alternately. Egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were not significantly different among diets. Abnormal eggs decreased in T1 and T2, but no significantly differed(P>0.05). Feed intake decreased in all of split diets compared to control diets (P <0.05). So, feed conversion ratio also improved in split diets(P<0.05). ME and CP intake decreased in T2 and T3, and Ca intake increased in proportion to Ca content of diets(P<0.05). ME and CP requirements per kg eggs decreased in the split diets, and that of Ca increased. Although there were not different significantly, egg shell strength and thickness improved slightly in T2 at 12 week. Yolk color, haugh unit and yolk index were not different among diets. Therefore, we concluded that split diet feeding to layer could improve feed and economic efficiency with normal egg production.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2009

콘크리트 전주는 배전선로 지지물로서 널리 사용되고 있다. 전주의 접지저항을 규정치 이내로 유지하기 위하여 동피복 접지봉을 포함한 여러 종류의 접지전극들이 사용되어 왔다. 전주 내부에는 철근이 들어있기 때문에 지중에 매설되는 전주 하단은 어느 정도 구조체접지극으로서 작용을 하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 전주 접지선으로 시험전류를 주입하면서 주입되는 전류와 금속 접지극으로 분류되는 전류를 각각 측정하였다. 이로써 전주 구조체로 분류되는 전류의 간접측정이 가능하였다. 측정결과에 근거하여 금속 접지극의 접지저항과 전주 구조체로 분류되는 전류크기 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2002

산란계에 대한 오전사료와 오후사료의 영양수준 및 급여방법이 산란능력과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 2개의 실험을 실시하였는데, 실험 1에서는 ISA Broun 갈색산란계 384수를 4처리 3반복, 반복당 32수씩을 공시하여 28~38주령에 2주간의 예비사양기간을 거쳐 본 시험 8주간 실시하였다. 대조구(C)는 관행적인 산란계 단일 배합사료를 급여하였고, 시험구들(T1, T2 및 T3)은 고에너지-고단백질-저 Ca의 오전사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고Ca의 오후사료를 별도로 급여하였다. 실험 2는 “ISA Brown” 갈색 산란계 384수를 3처리 4반복, 반복당 32수씩을 공시하여 48 ~ 58주령에 2주간의 예비사양기간을 거쳐 본 시험 8주간 실시하였다. 대조구(C)는 관행적인 산란계 단일 배합사료를 급여하였고, T1은 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 오전사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고Ca의 오후사료를 별도로 급여하였고, T2는 오전사료를 분말로 하고 오후사료를 펠렛으로 가공하여 50：50으로 혼합급여 하였다. 실험 1에서 헨데이 산란율과 평균난중 및 1일 1수당사료 섭취량은 대조구와 시험구들(T1-T3)간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 1일 1수당 ME, CP 섭취량 및 사료비는 대조구에 비해 시험구들(T1-T3)이 유의적으로 적었고(P<0.05), 시험구들간에는 오후사료의 ME및 CP 수준이 감소하고 Ca수준이 높아질수록 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 산란 개당 및 산란 kg당 사료, ME CP요구량과 사료비도 모두 대조구에 비해 시험구(T1-T3)들이 유의적으로 적었으며(P<0.05), 시험구들 간에는 오후사료의 Ca함량이 대조구에 비해 4배가 많은 73처리가 사료요구량에서 71과 72보다 많았고(P<0.05), 오후사료의 ME와 CP수준이 감소하고 Ca수준이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 계란의 비중과 난각강도 및 난각후도 등 난각질은 모두 대조구에 비해 시험구(71-73)들이 유의적으로 향상되었고(P<0.05),오후사료의 Ca수준이 증가할수록 향상되는 경향을 보였다. 실험 2에서 헨데이 산란율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 평균난중과 1일 1수당 사료섭취량은 대조구에 비해 오전사료와 오후사료의 별도급여구(T1)와 혼합급여구(T2)가 감소하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 1일 1수당 ME, CP섭취량 및 사료비는 모두 대조구에 비해 T1과 T2구가 유의적으로 감소하였고(P<0.05), T1과 T2간에는 유의차가 없었다. 산란 개당 ME와 CP요구량 및 사료비는 모두 대조구에 비해 T1과 T2구가 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 산란kg 당 사료, ME, CP요구량 및 사료비는 모두 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 계란의 비중과 난각후도는 대조구에 비해 T1과 T2구가 유의적으로 향상되었고(P<0.05), 난각강도는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, T1과 T2구가 대조구보다 향상되는 경향을 보였다. 본 시험 결과 오전용 사료는 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 것을 급여하고, 오후용 사료는 Ca공급제를 3배 첨가한 T2처리로 15:00~16:00시에 교체급여를 하면 사료섭취량 감소와 사료비 절감면에서 바람직할 것으로 사료되며, 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 분말사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고Ca의 펠렛사료를 혼합급여하면 산란계의 사료섭취 량과 사료비를 절감할 수 있었으며, 오전사료와 오후사료 별도급여의 번거로움을 피할 수 있는 사양체계로 기대가 되나 보다 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1996

본 시험은 산란계에 대한 오전사료와 오후사료의 별도 급여가 산란능력과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 ISA Brown 산란계 480수를 공시하여 32~36주령, 52~56주령 및 72~76주령에 각각 4주간씩 실시되었다. 대조구(C)는 관행적인 산란계 단일 배합사료를 급여하였고 시험구들(T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$, T$_4$ 및 T$_{5}$)은 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 오전사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고C3의 오후사료를 별도로 급여하였다. 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균난중은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 산란율과 1일 산란량은 대조구(C)에 비해 오전사료와 오후사료를 별도로 급여한 시험구(T$_{1}$~T$_{5}$)들이 유의하게 높았고(P<0.05), 그 중에서도 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca 공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca 공급제를 두 배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리가 가장 높았다. 2. 1일 1수당 사료, ME 및 CP 섭취량은 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구들(7,~Ts)이 유의하게 적었다. 3. 산란 kg당 소요된 사료, ME 및 CP 요구량도 대조구(C) 에 비해 시험구들(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$)이 적었다(p<0.05). 4. 1일 1수당 사료비는 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$) 들이 낮았으며(P<0.05), 산란 kg당 사료비도 시험구들이 대조구보다 낮았고(P<0.05), 시험구들 중에서는 T$_2$ 가 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca공급제를 두배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리로 사양하면 난중에는 차이가 없으나 산란율이 4.3% 향상되고, 1일 1수당 사료 ME 및 CP 섭취량을 각각 6.2%, 5.0%, 5.5% 감소시킬 수 있으며, 산란 kg당 사료, ME및 CP 요구량은 각각 11.5%, 10.3%, 10.3%가 감소되어, 1일 1수당 사료비와 산란 kg 당 사료비를 각각 5.2% 와 10.5% 씩 절감할 수 있었다.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.182-191
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• 2007

This paper gives a thorough investigation into Mandarin sentence-final particles (henceforth SFPs). First I induce core grammatical functions and semantic interpretations of SFPs. Based on Rizzi's (1997) Split CP hypothesis, I make some modifications to accommodate Mandarin SFPs and map them onto separate functional heads within a proper hierarchy. I also examine some empirical evidence of head directionality and tentatively assume Mandarin C is head-initial. To explain the surface head-final order, in light of Chomsky's (2001) Phase Theory and Hsieh's (2005) revised Spell-out hypothesis, I pose a CP complement to Spec movement. Following Moro's (2000) idea, I further claim the motivation behind is to seek for antisymetry.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.464-465
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• 2008

Concrete poles(CP) are popular supports for distribution lines. Various types of grounding electrode, such as copper-clad rods, have been used to maintain CP's ground resistance under the required value. The buried part of CP can also have structural grounding effect because of its iron reinforcing rods inside CPs. In this paper, we measured the total ground current injected into CP ground while measuring the ground current splitting to the metal electrode as well as the total injecting current. By this, it was able to measure the ground current splitting to CP structure. Based on the measured results, interrelationship between ground resistance of metal electrodes and current split factor to CP structure was analyzed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2003

The mechanical behavior of a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) is investigated at high temperature Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) compression test with high strain-rate. Tests are performed over a temperature range from room temperature to 1000$^{\circ}C$ with interval of 200$^{\circ}C$ and a strain-rate range of 1900 ∼ 2000/sec. The true flow stress-true strain relations depending on temperature are achieved in these tests. For construction of constitutive equation from the true flow stress-true strain relation, parameters for the Johnson-Cook constitutive equation is determined. And the modified Johnson-Cook equation is used for investigation of behavior of flow stress in vicinity of recrystalization temperature. The Modified Johnson-Cook constitutive equation is more suitable in expressing the dynamic behavior of a CP-Ti at high temperature, i.e. about recrystalization temperature.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

This study purposed to evaluate a $CellPrep^{(R)}$ (CP) of liquid-based cytology (LBC) to search for a less expensive and automated alternative cytologic preparation technique applicable to usually encountered cytologic specimens. Cervicovaginal direct-to-vial split samples from 457 gynecologic patients, 40 body fluid samples, and 34 urine samples were processed with the CP technique and the results were compared with those of currently used $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ (TP) method. Both CP and TP methods provide evenly distributed thin layers of cells with little cellular overlaps or significant obscuring elements in most of cases. Staining quality of both preparations showed a little difference due to the difference of fixative solutions without significant distractions in cytologic interpretation. On the supposition that TP was a gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CP cytology were 89%, 98%, 86%, and 99% in the cervicovaginal smear, 89%, 82%, 80%, and 90% in body fluid, and all of these values were 100% in urine samples. To testify the availability of immunohistochemistry on CP preparations, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ki-67 were applied on body fluid specimens, and all of these antibodies were specifically stained on targeted cells. Conclusively, the CP method gave comparable results to those of TP in terms of smear quality and cytologic diagnostic evaluation, and was available on immunohistochemistry. The CP method could offer a cost-effective and automated alternative to the current expensive techniques of liquid-based cytology on popular cytologic materials including cervicovaginal, body fluid, and urine specimens.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.190-198
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the forage yield and quality potential of Festulolium braunii (Festuca pratensis Huds. $\times$ Lolium multiflotum Lam) as forage source in Korea. The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications from Feb. 1994 to Jan. 1996 at Hohenheim uniwrsity. Main plots were three forage species {Fesruca pratensis(Cosmos), Lolium mult~~orum(Lemtal) and Festulolium braunii(Pau1ita)) and subplots were three N levels (150,300 and 450kgha). No differences in dry matter(DM) yields were noted between Festulolium braunii and Lolium multj7orum, but DM yields for Festulolium braunii was 138 more than for Fesruca prafensis(P<0.01 ). Total DM yields over all species increased linearly with increasing N levels. The peak of DM yields over 2 years mean at 450kglha N levels were higher for Lolium mulriJotum(l5,724kg) than for Festulolium braunii(14,730kg) and for Festuca pratensis(l3,68 l kg) (P<0.01). OMD, ME, NEL and other minerals of Fesrulolium braunii were slightly higher and CP, Ca and Mg slightly lower than thsoe of Fesruca pratensis, but CP, OMD, NEL and minerals were absolutly higher for Fesrulolium braunii than for Lolium mulriflorum(P<0.01). It appears that Festulolium braunii has higher potential for improvement of the forage quality than Fesruca prarensis or Lolium rnulrijlorum. The content of CP, CF and minerals were increased, wherease OMD, ME and NEL were decreased in all species with increasing N levels. Yields of CP, DOM and NEL over 2 yean mean were increased in all species with increasing N levels. CP, DOM and NEL yields of Festulolium braunii were higher than those of Lolium multiflorum or Festuca pratensis(P