• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.974-983
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and Self-transcendence Scale (STS) into Korean and test the psychometric properties of the instruments with Korean elders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to implement the three stages of the study. Stage I consisted of translating and reviewing the scales by six experts. In Stage II, equivalence was tested by comparing the responses between the Korean and English versions among 71 bilingual adults. Stage III established the psychometric properties of the Korean versions SPS-K and STS-K among 154 Korean elders. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the SPS-K and the STS-K .97, and .85 respectively with Korean elders. Factor analysis showed that the SPS-K had one factor; the STS-K had four factors with one factor clearly representing self-transcendence as theorized. Both scales showed good reliability and validity for the translated Korean versions. However, continued study of the construct validity of the STS-K is needed. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that the SPS-K and the STS-K could be useful for nurses and geriatric researchers to assess a broadly defined spirituality, and to conduct research on spirituality and health among Korean elders. Use of these scales within a theory-based study may contribute to further knowledge about the role of spirituality in the health and well-being of Korean people facing health crises.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

Located in Dornach, Switcherland Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck (Rudolf Steiner-Halde, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck, 1923-1935) is one of the architectural works created by Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) who has studied and established the cognitive and spiritual aspects of a human being, and is often cited as being the founder of anthroposophy. In fact, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck is not as well known as Steiner's other works, and it is perceived as less important than his major works of architecture including "Goetheanum", "Modellbau zu Malsch", and "Rudolf Steiner Haus Stuttgart". Nonetheless, this study is meaningful in itself since it is an important piece of architecture to gain an understanding of the characteristics of Steiner's late works, and the architectural characteristics of the Waldorf School where various active educational activities are taking place around the world. Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck clearly exhibits the characteristics of the architectural space based on Steiner's anthroposophy as well as provides a window into promoting space efficiency by extending an existing building. Moreover, it provides a good learning opportunity to find out about how Steiner's architectural disposition has changed and developed with the use of new materials. With these points as a backdrop, the study aims to develop an understanding of the architectural characteristics of Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck. Another important objective of this paper is to gain insight into the architectural implications in connection with the influence Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck has had on Steiner's later works, by comparing his early works of architecture with those of his late works.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.142
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• pp.241-263
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Toegye's simhak in relation to spiritualism. In general, we call Chu Hsi's learning "lihak" (the learning of principle) while Wang Yangming's learning is described as "simhak" (the learning of mind). However, we sometimes call Toegye's learning "simhak" in spite of his respect for Chu Hsi's philosophy of li. Toegye's simhak is different from Wang Yangming's. Nonetheless, Toegye too, highlighted the existential meaning of truth. Toegye regarded simgyung (the book of mind) as one of the most important classics for self-cultivation. As is well known, Toegye's main concern was concentration on mind and heart cultivation. Toegye understood li as a spiritual being, which can actualize itself. The goal of simhak is to become a sage. For a sage, there is no contradiction between moral norm and human desire. To become a sage, Toegye developed the theory and practice of mind cultivation. Toegye's simhak has some common characteristics with Louis Lavelle's philosophy of spiritualism. Both Toegye and Louis Lavelle lay great emphasis on self reflection and spiritual life. In particular, Toegye developed the concrete method of mind cultivation. In the 21st century, human beings are confronted with spiritual crisis in many aspects. Toegye's simhak can be advanced as useful wisdom to keep one's mind in a peaceful and harmonious state.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of study is to find Lee Je-Ma's thoughts about Great Absolute-Mind in his writings. 2. Methods the concept of Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind versus preexisted Great Absolute-Mind is compared and analysed in this study. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Lee Je-Ma composed his Great Absolute-Mind based on its concept of the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. However his Great Absolute-Mind is rooted in preexisted meaning, it was disputed desides the controversy between the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. For this reason, Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind is such an originative concept unable to be explained with a simple substitution this concept for the preexisted one of the science of divination, Confucianism and medicine. (2) Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind is the human being itself and it can include the humanity from human being itself. (3) There are not only physical meaning of heart but also abstract metaphysical concept of heart included in Lee Je-Ma's Great Absolute-Mind. (4) The talent for comprehending principles is organically connected with the ability to attain their will. And the talent and ability is devided into Two Modes(兩儀) like Mind & Body(心身), Perception & Action(知行) and Nature & Emotion(性情). (5) The supervision of Lee Je-Ma’s Great Absolute-Mind affects physical part of body as well as spiritual part and is not devided into two but one. (6) The source of the supervision is rooted on Lungs Spleen liver Kidney(肺脾肝腎), Sasang(四象), even though it exists in the Great Absolute-Mind. So Sasang(四象), which is Lungs Spleen Liver Kidney(肺脾肝腎), is organically related to the Great Absolute-Mind in its effect and origin.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

Human beings were constantly developing and using tools. This implies the history of humans have been creatively maintained and developed. Humans put its utmost efforts to the development of civilization to lead better life at the same time constantly pursuit to the cultural development such as formative characteristics for the satisfaction of aesthetic needs. Gyubang crafts are regarded as extremely feminine and contained emotions of Korea while being classified as a genre of Korean culture & art. Gyubang crafts were created independent & unique formative beauty on the basis of then social, cultural, religious background, in which those sewing kits being called friends of ladies express the emotion of arts contains cultural depth of its appearance of life as well as its spiritual world of happiness, anger, sorrow and pleasure of ladies. And it was aimed to sought the possibilities to start itself in various ways under the assumption capable to be expressed detail & contemporary taste of the sewing kits that lived together with the ladies in their historic life through linking with ornaments arts with convergence and harmony of formative image. As stated, it could be an opportunity to rediscover the formative characteristics, harmony of convergence, elegance, delicacy, aesthetic beauty focused on sewing kits among Gyubang crafts filled with ladies' scant and spiritual hope and to be re-understood the excellence and the aesthetic beauty of traditional culture & arts through personal ornaments.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.480-494
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• 2008

Purpose: The study was to got basic data on the well-being of middle-aged people concerning their preparation for their upcoming old age and their quality of life. Methods: The subjects were 440 people aged between 40 and 59 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Results; First, Physical Preparation for old age was affected by religion, children, health, monthly income, and economical status, and these factors were shown statistically significant. Emotional preparation and spiritual Preparation were also related to the above-mentioned factors. Secondly, in the subjects' mental picture, a nursing home was a place for the aged without anyone who is going to take care of them and without abilities to care of themselves. Preference for nursing home was based on two factors. i.e., nursing and treatment care. and the cost was about one million won per month. Also they wanted that the government should pay a certain amount for private users. Conclusion: Therefore, people should lead a life of good health-related habits along with economical preparation for their old age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2006

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry announced in 2001 that the overall amount of paddy land set aside for rice will be cut down by 12% by 2005, decreasing from 1.08 million to 953,000 hectares. When evaluating the value of paddy rice systems, the multi-function of paddy systems in the monsoon climate is vital importance. The main functions of paddy rice systems are to conserve biodiversity and maintain sustainability. Some crucial environmental benefits of the paddy rice systems include: flood prevention, recharge of water resources, water purification, soil erosion and landslide prevention, soil purification, landscape preservation and air purification. The paddy rice systems in Korea, which are more diverse than upland crop systems, are known to be composed of 14 orders, 36 families and 134 species. The sustain ability of paddy rice production systems can never be overestimated. Rice is part of the culture and even the heart of spiritual life in the area under the monsoon climate. Therefore paddy rice systems should be preserved with the highest priority being the enhancement of the systems' multi-function. As an outlook to future research, the need of joint and interdisciplinary research projects between economists and natural scientists at inland as well as international levels were emphasized in establishing the development of counter-measure logic through actual proofed analysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4081-4086
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• 2012

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is prevalent among individuals with cancer, especially breast cancer survivors. This study was conducted among 394 breast cancer survivors in selected regions of Peninsular Malaysia to identify the pattern and factors associated with CAM use. About 51% of the respondents reported CAM use as complementary treatment. Vitamins (47.2%), spiritual activities (33.2%) and other dietary supplements (30.7%) were the most commonly used CAM therapies. Common reasons for CAM use were to increase the body's ability to perform daily activities (70.9%), enhance immune function (58.3%) and improve emotional well-being (31.7%). Users obtained CAM information mainly from friends and family members (62.5%), physicians (25.0%) and mass media (13.9%). Ethnicity and years of education were significantly associated with CAM use. Although no adverse effects of CAM were reported, breast cancer survivors should discuss their CAM use with health professionals to prevent potential adverse effects of these therapies.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify attributes of the concept of cancer survivorship. Methods: Walker & Avant's concept analysis framework (2005) was used to review the medical & nursing text books, medical and nursing research articles related to cancer survivorship and published from 1985 to 2011. Results: There were nine aspects of the concept of cancer survivorship: A process, liminality, uncertainty, life-changing experience, complexity, unique experience, duality of positive and negative aspects, partnership, and need for support. Antecedents of cancer survivorship were cancer diagnosis and perception as a cancer survivor. Empirical referents of cancer survivorship were survival rate, quality of life, adaptation to the survivorship experience, and health-related hardiness, social support, spirituality, and health behavior. The consequences of cancer survivorship were effects on the physical, psychosocial, spiritual and socio-economic well-being of the patients. Conclusion: This concept analysis of cancer survivorship is expected to contribute to promotion of survivorship care in the clinical field by removing conceptual ambiguity and confirming the true meaning of survivorship care.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2012

Understanding the biopsychosocial model of illness is crucial for any meaningful advance of health. The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved by different combinations of physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being. Health is not an objective of living. It is not only a state, but also a resource for everyday life. Health is a positive concept that emphasizes personal and social resources, as well as physical capacities. Understanding the biopsychosocial model of health and disease is very important in the medical system. George Engel challenged the medical profession to reconsider a strict biomedical approach to medical education and care, and to embrace a "new medical model," the biopsychosocial model. He argued that humans are at once biological, psychological, and social beings who behave in certain ways that can promote or harm their health. Although understanding the biopsychosocial model of illness is important, Korea's medical system have mainly been focusing on the biomedical model of illness. I would like to highlight the importance of biopsychosocial model of illness for Korea's medical system and real clinical field according to the 20th anniversary of Korean Society of Psychosomatic Medicine.