• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.210-223
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Baekwoon. The flora of Mt. Baekwoon was surveyed from October, 2000 to August, 2001. In the results of survey, the vascular plant species in Mt. Baekwoon were summarized as 468 taxa; 90 families, 272 genera, 411 species, 1 subspecies 49 varieties and 7 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forestry Service were nine species; Lilium distichum, Gastrodia elata, Viola diamantica, Hylomecon hylomeconoides, Aristolochia contorta, Asarum maculatum, Rodgersia podophyllu, Viola albida, Scopolia japonica and Scrophularia koraiensis. And the endemic plants were nineteen species; Asarum maculatum, Melandryum seoulense, Clematis trichotoma, Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum, Hylomecon hylomeconoides, Chrysosplenium barbatum, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Robus hongnoensis, Vicia venosa var. cuspidata, Tilia taquetii, Viola seoulensis, Viola diamantica, Ajuga spectubilis, Scrophularia koraiensis, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora remotiflora, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea macrolepis and Saussurea seoulensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-276
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• 2001

Mt. Seoun(574 meters above sea level) is located in the southern part of An-sung city, Korea, within 36$^{\circ}$54'~36$^{\circ}$50'N, 127$^{\circ}$16'~127$^{\circ}$19'E. Field surveys were carried out nine times from March to October, 2000. Main results obtained from this study were as follows. The flora of vascular plants investigated in this survey was 439 taxa belonging to 90 families, 268 genera, 383 species, 49 varieties, 5 forma, 2 hybrid. As a result of this study, rare and endangered(Tricyrtis dilatata Nakai, Gastrodia elata Bl., Saururus chinenses Baill., Viola albida Palibin.) and many endemic species(Athyrium acatipinnulum Kodama., Tricyrtis dilatate Nakai, Paulownia coreana Uyeki., Salix hallaisanensis Lev., Asperula Iasiantha Nakai, Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey, Melamdryum seoulense Nakai, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nakai, Syringa dilatata Nakai, Chloranthus japonicus var. koreanus Sieb, Scutellaria insignis Nakai) of Korea were distributed in this area. Also the naturalized plants which were appeared in this area were 24 taxa(5.5 %). Among the plant resources, there are 239 taxa of edible plants(54.4%), 270 taxa of medicinal plants(61.5%), 217 taxa of ornamental plants(49.4%), 46 taxa of timber plants(10.5%) and 56 taxa of pasture plants(12.8%).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

Application of bioretention systems in Korea is highly considered due to its minimal space requirements, appropriateness as small landscape areas and good pollutant removal and peak hydraulic flow reduction efficiency. In this study, the efficiency of two lab-scale bioretention types having different physical properties, media configuration and planted with different shrubs and perennials was investigated in reducing heavy metal pollutants in stormwater runoff. Type A bioretention systems were planted with shrubs whereas type B were planted with perennials. Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (A-CL) and Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila (A-AP) respectively were planted in each type A bioretention reactors while Rhododendron indicum linnaeus (B-RL) and Spiraea japonica (B-SJ), respectively were planted in each type B bioretention reactors. Results revealed that the four lab-scale bioretention reactors significantly reduced the influent total suspended load by about 89 to 94% (p<0.01). Type B-RL and B-SJ reactors reduced soluble Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb by 28 to 45% that were 15 to 35% greater than the soluble metal reduction of type A-CL and A-AP reactors, respectively. Among the pollutants, total Cr attained the greatest discharged fraction of 0.52-0.81. Excluding the effect of soil media, total Pb attained the greatest retention fraction in the bioretention systems amounting to 0.15-0.34. Considering the least discharge fraction of heavy metal in the bioretention system, it was observed that the bioretention systems achieved effectual reduction in terms of total Cu, Zn and Pb. These findings were associated with the poor adsorption capacity of the soil used in each bioretention system. The results of this study may be used for estimating the maintenance requirements of bioretention systems.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of study is to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) structure by creating a 3D model for green spaces in a park using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Methods: After producing a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) using UAV images taken in Mureung Park in Chuncheon-si, we generated a digital tree height model (DHM). In addition, we used the mean shift algorithm to test the classification accuracy, and obtain accurate tree height and volume measures through field survey. Results: Most of the tree species planted in Mureung Park were Pinus koraiensis, followed by Pinus densiflora, and Zelkova serrata, and most of the shrubs planted were Rhododendron yedoense, followed by Buxus microphylla, and Spiraea prunifolia. The average height of trees measured at the site was 7.8 m, and the average height estimated by the model was 7.5 m, showing a difference of about 0.3 m. As a result of the t-test, there was no significant difference between height values of the field survey data and the model. The estimated green coverage and volume of the study site using the UAV were 5,019 m² and 14,897 m³, respectively, and the green coverage and volume measured through the field survey were 6,339 m² and 17,167 m³. It was analyzed that the green coverage showed a difference of about 21% and the volume showed a difference of about 13%. Conclusion: The UAV equipped with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) modules used in this study could collect information on tree height, green coverage, and volume with relatively high accuracy within a short period of time. This could serve as an alternative to overcome the limitations of time and cost in previous field surveys using remote sensing techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.205-205
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• 2020

도시화로 인해 불투수층의 증가는 강우시 유출을 증가시켜 물순환을 왜곡시키고 다양한 오염물질을 수계로 배출시켜 수질악화 및 수생태계를 훼손시킨다. 이러한 환경 수문학적 문제를 해결하기 위하여 침투, 여과, 저류 등의 물리적 기작, 식생 및 토양의 생물학적 기작을 이용한 LID 기술을 적용하고 있다. LID 시설에 적용되는 식물은 심미적, 경관성을 증대시켜주나, 다량의 오염물질이 유입될 경우 일부 식물의 고사를 유발한다. 따라서 본 연구는 LID 시설내 식물 체내 중금속 농도를 파악하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구는 지붕 강우유출수를 처리를 위해 설치된 LID 시설(침투화분) 모니터링 대상 지점으로 선정하였으며, 패랭이(Dianthus chinensis)와 조팝나무(Spiraea fritschiana)가 식재되어있다. LID 시설 내 식재된 식물과의 비교를 위해 패랭이와 조팝나무가 식재된 화단을 각각 대조군으로 선정하였다. 패랭이는 잎과 뿌리, 조팝나무는 줄기와 잔가지로 구분하여 체내 중금속 함량에 대해 분석을 수행하였다. 중금속 분석은 토질오염공정시험기준에 의해 Fe, Ni, Zn, As를 분석하였다. 연구결과, LID 시설에 적용된 식생과 대조군 식생의 체내 Fe 농도는 패랭이(1176.9~3804.6mg/kg), 조팝나무(218.4~342.5mg/kg)이며, Ni의 경우 패랭이(13.3~21.4mg/kg), 조팝나무(7.2~12.5mg/kg) Zn은 패랭이(33.6~160.5mg/kg), 조팝나무(46.1~243.2mg/kg), As는 패랭이(7.3~37.3mg/kg), 조팝나무(1.9~8.7mg/kg)로 대조군에 비해 유사하거나 높은 값을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, LID 시설에 식재된 조팝나무는 대조군에 비해 줄기는 약 26배, 잔가지 19배 이상 높은 농도를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나, 중금속 농도의 차이는 식물의 중금속 흡수 혹은 토양의 중금속 흡착능력이 토양의 종류, 특성에 따라 다를 수 있기 때문에 모니터링 환경에 따라 편차가 존재할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2016

In LID facilities treating stormwater runoff, various kinds of plants are applied for water circulation recovery and pollutant reduction. However, rapid changes of soil moisture due to the use of porous media and spread of deicing material during winter season cause slow plant growth that detrimentally leads to many problems including death of plants. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the salt resistance of plants, its effects on pollutants removal, and water circulation recovery. Eight different kinds of plants applicable to an LID facility were selected for the experiment, which were Bridal wreath (Spiraea japonica, S.J), Azalea (Rhododendron indicum, R.I), Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, M.G), Sweet flag (Acorus calamus A.C), Dwarf fan-shape columbine(Aquilegia flabellata, A.F), Pink (Dianthus chinensis, D.C), Pratia pedunculata (Pratia pedunculata, P.B) and Marigold (Tagetes patula, T.P). Woody plants such as S.P, R.I, and M.G appear to have less salt resistance compared to the other herbaceous plants. Specifically, M.G achieved the highest salt resistance among the other woody plants being followed by S.P, and R.I, respectively. For herbaceous plants, T.L and D.C have the higher salt resistances than that of A.C, P.B, and A.F, respectively. Regardless of the influence of salt to most of the plants, TN and TP were reduced more than 60% and the study suggests the M.G showed high pollutant removal efficiency and provided better water circulation by means of active photosynthesis and respiration due to higher growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2007

The vascular plants at the Wolmyung Park was listed 479 taxa: 105 families, 317 genera, 417 species, 1 subspecies, 55 varieties and 6 forms. 479 taxa listed consists of 291 taxa of edible plants (60.8%), 335 taxa of medicinal plants (69.9%), 234 taxa of ornamental plants (48.9%) and 243 taxa of the others (50.7%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the investigated areas; Aristolochia contorta (Preservation priority order, No. 151), Magnolia kobus (No. 187), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110), Berchemia racemesa (No. 67) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 9 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta, Aster koraiensis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 31 taxa; Prunus yedoensis, Berchemia racemosa in class V, Magnolia kobus, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 4 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha, etc.) in class III, Caryopteris incana in class II, 22 taxa (Clematis patens, Orixa japonica, Euscaphis japonica, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 35 genera, 44 species, 2 varieties, 46 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.6% of all 479 taxa vascular plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

This study was carried out to offer the raw data for environment conservation by surveying and analysing the flora distributed over Jinhae-si, and to present the frame for preparing the method of obtaining the bioresource in approach to plant resource. The period of survey was from May, 2005 to June, 2006, and the routes were A(Mt. Jangbok), B(Ahnmin hill) C(Mt. Hwa). The results as follows. The vascular plants were summarized as 447 taxa; 98 families, 286 genera, 394 species, 49 varieties, and 4 forma. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa; Tricyrtis dilatata and Viola albida. The Korean endemic plants were 11 taxa; Tricyrtis dilatata, Salix caprea, Carpinus coreana, Melandryum seoulense, Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum uchiyamai, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Lespedeza maritima, Forsythia koreana and Weigela subsessilis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.518-533
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• 2014

The flora in the region of Daeheuksando ($N34^{\circ}37^{\prime}{\sim}34^{\circ}42^{\prime}$, $E125^{\circ}23^{\prime}{\sim}125^{\circ}38^{\prime}$) was surveyed from June 2010 to October 2011. The vascular plants from 22 field surveys were revealed to total of 496 taxa: 113 families, 316 genera, 446 species, four subspecies, 43 varieties and three forms. 124 taxa were the first records from this region. This field study discovered significant plants in various categories. Korean endemic plants numbered 7 taxa, and 6 taxa designated by Korean Forest Service as rare plants were investigated in this region. The taxa in the category II of rare and endangered plants and higher than the third degree among the floristic regional indicator plants designated by Korean Ministry of Environment were one taxon and 47 taxa, respectively. Especially, it was proved that Spiraea chartacea, Hosta yingeri, Hemerocallis hongdoensis and Saussurea polylepis were endemic to Heuksan-myeon including Daeheuksando in Korean peninsular. In addition, the naturalized plants of 46 taxa were recorded.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain basic ecological information required for wetland restoration in Korea where wetland is very deficient. To arrive at the objective, we collected the basic ecological information for wetland restoration in four Doombeongs located on Goesan of Chungcheongbuk-do (province), central Korea where maintains relatively integrate feature of Doombeong. Synthesized horizontal distribution of vegetation based on vegetation established naturally except that established by artificial interference, Potamogeton distinctus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Sagittaria aginashi community, Trapa japonica community, Scirpus triangulatus community, and Sparganium japonicum community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Ludwigia prostrata community, Humulus japonicus community, Persicaria nodosa community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis - P. japonica community, and Scirpus radicans community, S. gracilistyla community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, and Rosa multiflora community, and Salix koreensis community and Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala community tended to be established in aquatic zone, herbaceous plant dominated vegetation zone, shrub dominated vegetation zone, and tree and sub-tree dominated vegetation zone, respectively. As the result of DCA ordination based on vegetation data collected from several Doombeongs and their surrounding areas, plant communities tended to be classified into aquatic, wetland, and riparian plant dominated stands. Spatial niche and species composition of major plant communities composing those stands were suggested as the reference information for creating ecological pond as a type of wetland. Further, the importance of wetland and the necessity of wetland restoration was discussed based on functions that the wetland displays.