• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1991

In this study, to analyse the dynamic characteristics of a machine-tool spindle system, the spindle is mathematically represented by a Timoshenko beam including the internal damping of beam material, and each bearing by four bearing coefficients; stiffness and damping coefficients in moment and radial directions. And the dynamic compliance of the system is calculated by introducing the transfer matrix method, and the complex modal analysis method has been applied for the modal parameter identification. The influence of the bearing coefficients, material damping factor and bearing span on the dynamic characteristics of the system is parametrically examined.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1998

This paper presents an optimum design of a rotor-bearing spindle system for a ultra centrifuge (80,000 RPM) supported by ball bearings with nonlinear stiffness characteristics. To obtain the nonlinear bearing stiffnesses, a ball bearing is modeled in five degrees of freedom and is analyzed quasi-statically. The dynamic behaviors of the nonlinear rotor-bearing system are analyzed by using a transfer-matrix method iteratively. For optimization. we use the cost function that simultaneously minimizes the weight of a rotor and maximizes the separation margins to yield the critical speeds as far from the operating speed as possible. Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) method is employed for the nonlinear optimization problem. The result shows that the rotor-bearing spindle system is optimized to obtain 9.5％ weight reduction and 21％ separation margin.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2000

In this study, a static and dynamic characteristics analysis system for machine tool spindle systems with 3 lobe sliding bearing is developed based on Timoshenko theory, finite element method and windows programming techniques. And the characteristics value of 3 lobe sliding bearing such as eccentricity ratio, attitude angle, friction coefficient , stiffness coefficients, damping coefficients and so on, are determined by using the thermal equilibrium conditions of spindle systems. Since the developed system has various analysis modules related to static deformation analysis, modal analysis, frequency responses analysis and so on, it can be utilized to perform systematically the design an devaluation process of spindle systems with 3 lobe sliding bearing under windows GUI environment.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2002

A cone-shaped active magnetic healing spindle system for high speed internal grinding with built-in motor that has 7.5kW power and maximum rotational speed of 50,000 rpm is designed and built. Using cone-shaped AMB(Active Magnetic Bearing) system, the axial rotor dick and magnets of conventional 5-axis actuating design can be eliminated. so this concept of design provides a simple magnetic bearing system. In this paper, the cone-shaped electromagnets are designed by magnetic circuit theory, and a de-coupled direct feedback PID controller is applied to control the coupled magnetic bearings. The designed crone-shaped AMB spindle system is built and constructed with a digital control system, which has TMS320C6702 DSP, 16 bit AD/DA, switching power amplifier and gap sensors. As the AMB system provides high damping ratio eliminating overshoot and resonance speed, this spindle runs up to 40,000 rpm stably with about 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of runout.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.79-83
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• 2001

A cone-shaped active magnetic bearing spindle system for high speed internal grinding is designed and tested. The cone-shaped AMB system consists of only 4 couples of magnet, it can be smaller and lighter than conventional radial-axial-type AMB system. In this paper, the cone-shaped electromagnets are designed by magnetic circuit theory, and de-coupled direct feedback PID controller is applied to control the coupled magnetic bearings. The designed cone-shaped AMB spindle system is built and constructed with a digital control system, and tested its stbility and dynamic performances. As the results of the tests, this spindle runs up to 40,000 rpm with about 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of runout, and the AMB system provides high damping ratio eliminating overshoot and resonance speed.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.115-116
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• 2002

This study was carried out as one of efforts to overcome difficulties in air bearing design due to low stiffness and low damping. Hydrodynamic effects on hydrodynamic stiffness of a fluid film in a high speed air bearing with tow-row air sources are investigated. The hydrodynamic effects by the high speed over DN 1,000,000 and eccentricity of a proceeding which are not considered in conventional design of an air bearing need to be reconsidered. The hydrodynamic effects, which dominantly influence on the load capacity of air bearing, are caused mainly by proceeding speed, eccentricity, and the source positions. The two-row source arrangement in the air bearing produces quite unique hydrodynamic effects with respect to pressure distribution of the air film. Optimal arrangement of the two-row sources improves performance of an air bearing in film reaction force and loading capacity of high speed spindles. This study compares the pressure distribution by numerical simulation as a function of eccentricity of proceeding and the source positions. The air source position 1/7L form one end of an air bearing was found to be superior to source position of 1/4L. The dynamic stiffness were obtained using a two-dimensional cutting method which can directly measure the cutting reaction forces and the displacements of the spindle in two directions using a tool dynamometer and transducer sensors. Heat generation in the air film can not be negligible over the speed of DN 2,000,000. In order to analysis effects of heat generation on the characteristics of air bearing, high cooling bearing spindle and low cooling bearing spindle were tested and compared. Characteristics of the frequency response of shaft and motion of run out errors were different for the spindle. The test results show that, in the case of low cooling bearing spindle, the stiffness became smaller due to heat generation. The results, which were obtained for high speed region, may be used as a design information for spindle which can be applied to precision devices such as ultra precision grinding and ultra high speed milling.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2015

In this research, a tool was developed for the rapid performance of three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) of a machine tool spindle system made of a shaft and bearings. It runs the FEA with data, such as the bearing stiffness and the coordinates of the points, to define the section of the shaft, bearing positions, and cutting point. developed for the spindle system and then implemented with the tool using an object-oriented programing technique that allows the use of the objects of the CAD system used in this research. Graphic user interfaces were designed for a user to interact with the tool. It provides rapid evaluation of the design of a spindle system, and therefore, it would be helpful to identify a near optimal design of a spindle system based on, say, static stiffness with design changes and, consequently, FEA.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.579-585
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• 2003

This paper investigates the whirling, tilting and flying motion of a HDD spindle system supported by FDB experimentally. Experimental setup is built to measure the flying, whirling and tilting motion of the HDD spindle system, and three capacitance probes fixed on the xyz-micrometers measure the displacement of a HDD spindle system in the xyz-directions. This research shows that the tilting and whirling motion is mostly dependent on the centrifugal force and the gyroscopic moment due to the unbalanced mass of a HDD spindle. It also shows that the rotating HDD spindle starts to float to the equilibrium position in the z-direction until the weight of the rotating spindle is equal to the supporting pressure generated in the upper and lower thrust bearing.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

Recently the use of high-speed equipment in machine-tool industry has greatly increased, which requires the development of prognostics and prediction methods on the design stage. Conversion of the test/experiments stage from real to virtual reality will not only significantly reduce the design and manufacturing cost, but will also increase design quality. This paper shows how it is possible to develop the automated system for the design calculations of the air-bearing spindles. First, the general calculation method is introduced. It contains several steps, namely, geometry identification, pressure calculation, stiffiness calculation, dynamics characteristics calculation. For geometry identification reducing spindle shaft to rings was proposed, which helps to automate the calculation process. For pressure calculation the Peshti method was implemented. For stiffiness calculation the analysis was made, which shown the necessity of correct calculation step selection. Then the system of ordinary differential equations containing influence coefficients was evolved, which is used for trjectories calculation. The graphical representation of the calculation results shows the dynamic behavior of the spindle unit concerning various working conditions. Finally, this automated system is illustrated by an example of the air-bearing spindle calculation.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2000

In this paper, the case studies of reducing rotational errors is theoretically done for a grinding spindle with an active magnetic bearing system. The rotational errors acting on the magnetic bearing spindle are due to mass unbalance of rotor, runout, grinding excitation and unmodeled nonlinear dynamics of electromagnets. The adaptive feedforward method based on LMS algorithm is discussed to compensate output and input disturbances, and investigated its effectiveness by numerical simulation. The feedforward control reduced external excitation and rotational error for specified frequency. The interpolation method using impulse function for cancelling the electrical 'uncut is studied. These methods show their effectiveness for the rotational accuracy of the improving magnetic bearing spindle through some simulation results of the rotational error decreased by them.