• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2021

그리셀 증후군은 환축관절의 비외상성 탈구로 인하여 전신마취 시 경추손상이 발생할 가능성이 있어 신중한 마취관리를 요한다. 이에 우리는 과거에 그리셀 증후군을 받은 진단받은 환자의 전신마취 하 전립선 레이저절제술 시 I-gel을 이용한 기도관리를 성공적으로 진행하였고, 환자는 신경학적 합병증 없이 잘 회복된 사례를 보고하고자 한다. 그리셀 증후군 환자의 마취 관리 시 기도관리를 위하여 I-gel을 사용하는 것이 좋은 대안이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2007

Objective : Posterior arthrodesis in atlantoaxial instability has been performed using various posterior C1-2 wiring techniques. Recently, transarticular screw fixation (TASF) technique was introduced to achieve significant immediate stability of the C1-2 joint complex. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes associated with posterior C1-2 TASF for the patient of atlantoaxial instability. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed data obtained from 17 patients who underwent C1-2 TASF and supplemented Posterior wiring technique (PWT) with graft between 1994 and 2005. There were 8 men and 9 women with a mean age of 43.5 years (range, 12-65 years). An average follow-up was 26 months (range, 15-108 months). Results : Successful fusions were achieved in 16 of 17 (94%). The pain was improved markedly (3 patients) or resolved completely (14 patients). There was no case of neurological deterioration, hypoglossal nerve injury, or vertebral artery injury. Progression of spinal deformity, screw pullout or breakage, and neurological or vascular complications did not occur. Conclusion : The C1-2 TASF with supplemental wiring provided a high fusion rate. Our result demonstrates that C1-2 TASF supplemented by PWT is a safe and effective procedure for atlantoaxial instability. Preoperative evaluation and planning is mandatory for optimal safety.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

목적: 요추부 척추관 협착증에서의 후방 감압술 시 극간인대 및 극상인대의 보존이 술 후 척추 불안정성의 예방에 미치는 영향에 대하여 밝히고자 했다. 대상 및 방법: 2014년 3월부터 2017년 3월까지 요추부 척추관 협착증에서 후방 감압술을 시행하고 1년 이상 추시관찰한 83명의 환자를 후향적으로 연구하였다. 대상자들을 수술의 종류에 따라 포트홀 감압술을 시행한 56명의 환자는 그룹 A로, 후궁 아전절제술을 시행한 27명의 환자는 그룹 B로 분류하였다. 임상적 결과를 평가하기 위해 Oswestry disability index (ODI), 요통과 방사통에 대한 시각통증점수(visual analogue scale, VAS), 신경성 간헐적 파행(neurogenic intermittent claudication, NIC) 전 보행거리가 수술 전후로 측정되었다. 영상의학적 결과를 평가하기 위해 수술 전 및 수술 후 매 6개월마다 직립상태에서 측면 및 굴곡-신전 단순 방사선 사진을 촬영해 전위 정도(slip percentage), 역동적 전위 정도(dynamic slip percentage), 각변위(angular displacement), 역동적 각변위(dynamic angular displacement)를 측정하였다. 결과: ODI (그룹 A에서 28.1에서 12.8로 호전; 그룹 B에서 27.3에서 12.3으로 호전), 요통에 대한 VAS (그룹 A에서 7.0에서 2.6로 호전; 그룹 B에서 7.7에서 3.2로 호전), 방사통에 대한 VAS (그룹 A에서 8.5에서 2.8로 호전; 그룹 B에서 8.7에서 2.9로 호전), 그리고 NIC 전 보행 거리(그룹 A에서 118.4 m에서 1,496.2 m로 증가; 그룹 B에서 127.6 m에서 1,481.6 m로 증가)는 두 그룹 모두에서 호전되었다. 다른 영상의학적 결과들에서 유의한 차이가 없었던 반면 역동적 각변위는 술 후 두 그룹간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(그룹 A에서 6.2°에서 6.7°로 증가; 그룹 B에서 6.5°에서 8.4°로 증가; p-value=0.019). 결론: 요추부 척추관 협착증에서의 후방 감압술시 극간인대 및 극상인대를 포함한 후방 인대의 제거는 술 후 역동적 각변위의 증가를 초래하며 후방 인대를 보존하는 포트홀(port-hole) 감압술을 통해 이를 예방할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases. Methods : The study population included 20 consecutive patients (13 females, 7 males) with a mean age of $61{\pm}6.98$ years (range 46-70) who underwent decompression and dynamic stabilization with the Dynesys system between January 2005 and August 2006. The diagnoses included spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis (9/20, 45%), degenerative spinal stenosis (5/20, 25%), adjacent segmental disease after fusion (3/20, 15%), spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis (2/20, 10%) and recurrent intervertebral lumbar disc herniation (1/20, 5%). All of the patients completed the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The following radiologic parameters were measured in all patients : global lordotic angles and segmental lordotic angles (stabilized segments, above and below adjacent segments). The range of motion (ROM) was then calculated. Results : The mean follow-up period was $27.25{\pm}5.16$ months (range 16-35 months), and 19 patients (95%) were available for follow-up. One patient had to have the implant removed. There were 30 stabilized segments in 19 patients. Monosegmental stabilization was performed in 9 patients (47.3%), 9 patients (47.3%) underwent two segmental stabilizations and one patient (5.3%) underwent three segmental stabilizations. The most frequently treated segment was L4-5 (15/30, 50%), followed by L3-4 (12/30, 40%) and L5-S1 (3/30, 10%). The VAS decreased from $8.55{\pm}1.21$ to $2.20{\pm}1.70$ (p<0.001), and the patients' mean score on the Korean version of the ODI improved from $79.58%{\pm}15.93%$ to $22.17%{\pm}17.24%$ (p<0.001). No statistically significant changes were seen on the ROM at the stabilized segments (p=0.502) and adjacent segments (above segments, p=0.453, below segments, p=0.062). There were no patients with implant failure. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the Dynesys system could preserve the motion of stabilized segments and provide clinical improvement in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis with instability. Thus, dynamic stabilization systems with adequate decompression may be an alternative surgical option to conventional fusion in selected patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2013

Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality, may be associated with various neurologic complications such as moyamoya syndrome, cervical spinal cord compression due to atlantoaxial subluxation, and basal ganglia damage, as well as epileptic seizures and stroke. Many cases of Down syndrome accompanied by isolated neurologic manifestations have been reported in children; however, Down syndrome with multiple neurologic conditions is rare. Here, we have reported a case of Down syndrome in a 10-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic moyamoya syndrome, atlantoaxial subluxation with spinal cord compression, and basal ganglia calcification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Down syndrome, in a child, which was accompanied by these 3 neurologic complications simultaneously. As seen in this case, patients with Down syndrome may have neurologic conditions without any obvious neurologic symptoms; hence, patients with Down syndrome should be carefully examined for the presence of neurologic conditions.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2009

A 2-year-old Maltese and a 5-month-old Yorkshire terrier were presented with ataxia. Tetraparesis was observed in a 9-year -old Yorkshire terrier. The localizations of the lesions suggested brain or cervical spinal cord by the neurological examination, and the following images was achieved: radiography, axial images of computed tomography (CT), reconstruction image of CT such as multi-planar reformation(MPR) and 3-dimensional(3D) reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On radiography, the misalignment between atlas (C1) and axis (C2), absent dens of axis, and increased space between the dorsal arch of C1 and spinous process of C2 were found. The discontinuation between dens and body of C2 was identified through axial CT images, and the fragmentation of dens separated from axis was observed through MPR and 3D image in all case. The hyperintense lesions and the spinal cord compression on T2-weighted MR images were represented in a dog with tetraparesis, the others represented only spinal cord compression. Three dogs were diagnosed as atlantoaxial instability (AAI) by dens fracture of C2. The dog with tetraparesis was euthanized due to guarded prognosis. The others were recovered completely. It is difficult to differentiate dens fracture of C2 from abnormal dens such as agenesis and hypoplasia. We thought that CT is very useful to evaluate the dens of C2 and differentiate the causes of AAI, and the reconstruction images of CT such as MPR and 3D make the translation of the fragmented dens or axis of AAI more precisely evaluate.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2012

We present a case of an athetoid cerebral palsy with quadriparesis caused by kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine, severe spinal stenosis at the cervicomedullary junction, and atlantoaxial instability. The patient improved after the first surgery, which included a C1 total laminectomy and C-arm guided righ side unilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation. C1-2 fixation was not performed on the other side because of an aberrant and dominant vertebral artery (VA). Eight months after the first operation, the patient required revision surgery for persistent neck pain and screw malposition. We used intraoperative VA angiography with simultaneous fluoroscopy for precise image guidance during bilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation. Intraoperative VA angiography allowed the accurate insertion of screws, and can therefore be used to avoid VA injury during C1-2 transarticular screw fixation in comorbid patients with atlantoaxial deformities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2017

Objective : Laminoplasty is an effective surgical method for treating cervical degenerative disease. However, postoperative complications such as kyphosis, restriction of neck motion, and instability are often reported. Despite sufficient preoperative lordosis, this procedure often aggravates the lordotic curve of the cervical spine and straightens cervical alignment. Hence, it is important to examine preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative kyphotic alignment changes. Our study aimed to investigate preoperative radiologic parameters associated with kyphotic deformity post laminoplasty. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) preoperative diagnosis of OPLL or CSM, 2) no previous history of cervical spinal surgery, cervical trauma, tumor, or infection, 3) minimum of one-year follow-up post laminoplasty with proper radiologic examinations performed in outpatient clinics, and 4) cases showing C7 and T1 vertebral body in the preoperative cervical sagittal plane. The radiologic parameters examined included C2-C7 Cobb angles, T1 slope, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), range of motion (ROM) from C2-C7, segmental instability, and T2 signal change observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical factors examined included preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, disease classification, duration of symptoms, and the range of operation levels. Results : Mean preoperative sagittal alignment was $13.01^{\circ}$ lordotic; $6.94^{\circ}$ lordotic postoperatively. Percentage of postoperative kyphosis was 80%. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to postoperative Cobb angle change; a control group (n=22) and kyphotic group (n=27). The kyphotic group consisted of patients with more than $5^{\circ}$ kyphotic angle change postoperatively. There were no differences in age, sex, C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, C2-C7 SVA, ROM from C2-C7, segmental instability, or T2 signal change. Multiple regression analysis revealed T1 slope had a strong relationship with postoperative cervical kyphosis. Likewise, correlation analysis revealed there was a statistical significance between T1 slope and postoperative Cobb angle change (p=0.035), and that there was a statistically significant relationship between T1 slope and C2-C7 SVA (p=0.001). Patients with higher preoperative T1 slope demonstrated loss of lordotic curvature postoperatively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has a high probability of aggravating sagittal balance of the cervical spine. T1 slope is a good predictor of postoperative kyphotic changes of the cervical spine. Similarly, T1 slope is strongly correlated with C2-C7 SVA.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2019

Five paraplegic dogs were diagnosed with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease with more than 50% compression of spinal cord. Because the lesions were determined to be disc extrusion on magnetic resonance imaging, a hemilaminectomy was initially performed, however, protruded discs were confirmed during surgery. To remove the protruded disc, modified partial lateral corpectomy (mini-PLC) was additionally performed. All dogs recovered to full ambulation within a median of 44 days without temporary deterioration or vertebral instability. Mini-PLC as described here enables successful removal of the protruded disc, while preserving vertebral stability in dogs for whom the use of hemilaminectomy is inevitable.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.235-238
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• 2011

Vertebral compression fractures result in vertebral height loss and alter sagittal spinal alignment, which in turn can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are known to increase mobility and instability of the spine. There are limited published data correlating the degree of dynamic mobility and the efficacy of kyphoplasty on vertebral compression fractures. Here we report a 73-year-old female with a severe acute osteoporotic L2 compression fracture who obtained total vertebral height restoration following kyphoplasty, with resolution of back pain.