• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2006

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used since 1967 for refractory chronic pain. SCS has recently undergone a variety of technical modifications and advances, and it has been applied in a variety of pain conditions. SCS has been most commonly applied for those patients with chronic back and leg pain and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The clinical hallmark of FBSS is chronic postoperative pain. The pain pattern varies and the pain may show an axial or radicular distribution. Chronic intractable pain after FBSS is difficult to treat. This report describes our experience with treating chronic pain in two patients who suffered from FBSS with a spinal cord stimulator. A permanent spinal cord stimulator was implanted after a successful trial of stimulation with temporarily implanted electrodes. After 5 months of follow-up, the two patients had satisfactory improvement of their pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.385-388
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• 2006

An Intramedullary subependymoma of the spinal cord is a rare tumor with only 43 reported cases in the literature. Most of them are reported to be localized within the cervical spinal cord. We report a rare case of a thoracic spine intramedullary subependymoma in a 37-year-old female who presented with back pain and radiating leg pain. Subtotal resection and post-operative radiotherapy were performed. Subependymomas developing in the spinal cord are benign with a low proliferative potential. Complete resection of the tumor appears to be the optimal method for a complete cure. However aggressive surgery may cause severe neurological deficit. Therefore, if severe neurological deficits are expected after complete removal, a partial removal and postoperative radiation therapy is an alternative method for treatment in selected cases. A large-scale randomized study is mandatory to clarify the effectiveness of radiotherapy and to establish the recurrence rate and prognosis with respect to the surgical removal of these tumors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TENS on muscle pain induced by carrageenan. Muscle pain was induced in male Sprague-Dowley rats by intra-muscular injection of gastrocnemius with $3\%$ carrageenan. nNOS was measured to assess the effect of TENS on muscle pain induced by Carrageenan. The lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was removed in different groups of animals 24 h after induction of muscle pain. The level of nNOS mRNA was measured in the lumbar section of the spinal cord using RT-PCT. The expression of nNOS was analyzed in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. TENS decreased nNOS immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord when compared with controls(p<.05). In RT-PCR, TENS decreased nNOS mRNA level of lumbar spinal cord when compared with controls(p<.05). These results suggested that application of TENS attributed to decrease muscle pain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate clinical effects of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture treatment to neuropathic pain of patients with spinal cord injury. Methods : The clinical study was carried out 5 cases with spinal cord injury, who had been treated from December, 2008 to November, 2009 in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dong-Guk university oriental medical hospital. Results : After treating Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture, we find out that the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) score was significantly improved after treatment. Conclusions : These result suggest that Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue acupuncture were effective to neuropathic pain of spinal cord injury patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.114-116
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• 2008

Spinal cord infarction is uncommon and usually presents with sudden onset of motor and sensory disturbances. We report a case of a 64-year-old women without previous medical history, who presented with acute onset of paraplegia after lifting. However, radiologic examinations did not show any abnormal lesion in the spinal cord. And, cerebrospinal fluid studies also showed no remarkable findings. This case illustrates the cause of spontaneous paraplegia after lifting injury and we consider the presumptive cause of paraplegia as spinal cord infarction.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.279-282
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• 2019

Neurosyphilis is an infection of the brain or spinal cord that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilitic myelitis, which involves the spinal cord, is a very rare form of neurosyphilis seen in patients with syphilis. It requires differentiation from other diseases of the spinal cord, including idiopathic transverse myelitis and spinal cord infarction. Herein, we describe the presentation and diagnosis of syphilitic myelitis in a 43-year-old woman, based on a flip-flop sign and candle guttering appearance depicted in magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-144
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• 2010

Objective : Traumatic lumbar burst fracture causes significant spinal cord injury. This report is intended to estimate the efficacy using oriental treatment on a patient with lumbar burst fracture and spinal cord injury. Methods : From 21th December, 2009 to 5th February, 2010, 1 female inpatient diagnosed with lumbar burst fracture and spinal cord injury was treated with general oriental medicine therapy : mae-sun therapy ; acupuncture ; moxibustion ; pharmacopuncture ; physical therapy and herbal medication. TUG, SCIMII and VAS were used for evaluation of gait disturbance and pain in both feet. Measurement of self voiding amount and remaining amount through CIC was used for evaluation of neurogenic vesical dysfunction. Results : The patient showed a certain degree of improvement in gait disturbance, pain in both feet and neurogenic vesical dysfunction through above evaluation methods. Conclusion : Oriental treatments such as mae-sun therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, pharmacopuncture therapy and herbal medication can be effective for spinal cord injury due to traumatic lumbar burst fracture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2015

Objective : Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) have proven effects in pathogenesis of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Current study is designed to evaluate the effects of an anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ agent, adalimumab, on spinal cord clip compression injury in rats. Methods : Thirty two male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (sham, trauma, infliximab, and adalimumab groups) and SCI was introduced using an aneurysm clip. Animals in treatment groups received 5 mg/kg subcutaneous adalimumab and infliximab right after the trauma. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied in traumatized spinal cord tissues 72 hours after the injury as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Results : Animals that received anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ agents are found to have significantly decreased MDA levels. MDA levels were significantly different between the trauma and infliximab groups (p<0.01) and trauma and adalimumab groups (p=0.022). There was no significant difference in neurological evaluation of the rats using Tarlov scale. Conclusion : These results suggest that, like infliximab, adalimumab has favorable effects on lipid peroxidation induced by spinal cord trauma in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2005

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was first attempted by Shearly et al for the relief of intractable pain. A spinal cord stimulator has traditionally been used for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) angina pectoris, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and ischemic pain in the extremity. However, the complications associated with the use of a spinal cord stimulator, such as wound infection, hematoma, lead migration and device malfunction; make its long term application difficult. Here, our experience of an interesting case, in which intractable right leg pain was controlled using a spinal cord stimulator placed in the left epidural space, is reported, with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.7 s.264
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• pp.553-555
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• 2006

A 62-year-old woman with ischemic heart disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia had developed spinal cord infarction after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). The incidence of postoperative neurological complications is well known to be less in OPCAB than that of conventional coronary bypass surgery. Furthermore, spinal cord infarction is an uncommon clinical event after coronary bypass surgery Here we report a case of spinal cord infarction following OPCAB, discuss possible mechanism of spinal cord infarction with relate literatures.