• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.11-26
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of spinal disease focusing on Korean medical hospital admission patients. Methods The disease code related to spinal disease was selected based on the contents of development of clinical quality indicators for spinal disease. The assessment analysis of feasibility was conducted through medical history analysis that targets spinal disease patients, current development of clinical quality indicators for spinal disease, and relevant literature. Results The indicator items of structure, process, and results were classified and selected, and so were the detailed indicator entries. After that, the appropriate reference value was chosen. The final selected quality indicators were 3 items from structure, 9 items from process, 4 items from results, including 3 monitoring items, total 16 items was chosen. Conclusions Clinical research for the adequacy assessment should be conducted and the index entry and indicators should be reassessed through an expert group discussion. Training for the evaluation indicators and association with relevant society will motivate hospitals to voluntarily improve their quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

Objectives: Chronic diseases, including back pain, result in significant patient morbidity and societal burden. Overall improvement in physical fitness is recommended for prevention and treatment. Walking is a convenient modality for achieving initial gains. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability, acting as a surrogate measure of physical fitness, was associated with the presence of chronic disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data from a prior randomized cohort study of 227 patients referred for tertiary assessment of chronic back pain in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated from patient-completed questionnaires and medical record review. Using patients' postal codes, neighbourhood walkability was determined using the Walk Score, which awards points based on the distance to the closest amenities, yielding a score from 0 to 100 (0-50: car-dependent; 50-100: walkable). Results: Based on the Walk Score, 134 patients lived in car-dependent neighborhoods and 93 lived in walkable neighborhoods. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, rural postal code, body mass index, smoking, median household income, percent employment, pain, and disability, demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.53) times higher prevalence for having a chronic disease for patients living in a car-dependent neighborhood. There was also a significant dose-related association (p=0.01; Mantel-Haenszel chi-square=6.4) between living in car-dependent neighbourhoods and more severe CCI scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that advocating for improved neighbourhood planning to permit greater walkability may help offset the burden of chronic disease.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.290-294
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• 2013

Stereotactic Radiosurgery require high accuracy and precision of patient positioning and target localization. We evaluate the real time positioning accuracy of isocenter using optic guided patient positioning system, ExacTrac (BrainLab, Germany), during spinal radiosurgery procedure. The system is based on real time detect multiple body markers attached on the selected patient skin landmarks. And a custom designed patient positioning verification tool (PPVT) was used to check the patient alignment and correct the patient repositioning before radiosurgery. In this study, We investigate the selected 8 metastatic spinal tumor cases. All type of tumors commonly closed to thoracic spinal code. To evaluate the isocenter positioning, real time patient alignment and positioning monitoring was carried out for comparing the current 3-dimensional position of markers with those of an initial reference positions. For a selected patient case, we have check the isocenter positioning per every 20 millisecond for 45 seconds during spinal radiosurgery. In this study, real time average isocenter positioning translation were $0.07{\pm}0.17$ mm, $0.11{\pm}0.18$ mm, $0.13{\pm}0.26$ mm, and $0.20{\pm}0.37$ mm in the x (lateral), y (longitudinal), z (vertical) directions and mean spatial error, respectively. And body rotations were $0.14{\pm}0.07^{\circ}$, $0.11{\pm}0.07^{\circ}$, $0.03{\pm}0.04^{\circ}$ in longitudinal, lateral, table directions and mean body rotation $0.20{\pm}0.11^{\circ}$, respectively. In this study, the maximum mean deviation of real time isocenter positioning translation during spinal radiosurgery was acceptable accuracy clinically.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

In the rehabilitation robotic arm systems for the disabled with spinal code injury, EMG signals are used in the control of the robotic arm. EMG signals are corrupted by many kinds of noises such as ECG signal, power noise and contact noise of electrode. Noise rejection improves the performance of the EMG pattern classification. In this paper, a variable bandwidth filter (VBF) and wavelet transform are used for the noise rejection of EMG signals and the comparison of SNR is given. Also, some statistical characteristics of features are investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2017

많은 연구에서 측면 나사 고정(laminar screw fixation)보다 척추경 나사 고정(pedicle screw fixation)의 생체 역학 강도가 더 나은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 비교적 작은 크기의 척추경(pedicle)과 척수(spinal code), 신경 뿌리 및 척추 동맥에 대한 상해의 위험으로 일반적으로 이 방법은 사용에 제한이 있었다. 최근 3차원 모델링 및 3D 프린팅 기술의 진보는 해부학적인 연구, 특히 척추를 포함한 뼈와 관련된 연구를 용이하게 하고 있으며, 로봇 수술을 위한 다양한 아이디어를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 로봇 암(robotic arm)으로 경추 척추경에 나사를 삽입할 때 사용될 수 있는 척추경 나사 삽입을 위한 이상적인 궤적을 계산하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

Background: Intrathecal sildenafil has produced antinociception by increasing the cGMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5. Spinal opioid receptor has been reported to be involved in the modulation of nociceptive transmission. The aim of this study was to examine the role of opioid receptor in the effect of sildenafil on the nociception evoked by formalin injection. Methods: Rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters. Formalin testing was used as a nociceptive model. Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior (flinching response) was observed. To clarify the role of the opioid receptor for the analgesic action of sildenafil, naloxone was administered intrathecally 10 min before sildenafil delivery, and formalin was then injected 10 min later. Results: Intrathecal sildenafil produced dose-dependent suppression of flinches in both phases during the formalin test. Intrathecal naloxone reversed the analgesic effect of sildenafil in both phases. Conclusions: Sildenafil is active against the nociceptive state that's evoked by a formalin stimulus, and the opioid receptor is involved in the analgesic action of sildenafil at thespinal level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Low back disorders (LBDs) have been the most common musculoskeletal problem in Korean workplaces. It affects many workers, and is associated with high costs to many companies as well as the individual, which can negatively influence even the quality of life of workers. The _evaluation of low back disorder risk associated with manual materials handling tasks can be performed using variety of ergonomic assessment tools such as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation (NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-0517 (WAC), the Snook Tables etc. But most of these tools provide limited information for choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out advantage and disadvantage of the methods, and few have been assessed for their predictive ability. The focus of this study was to _evaluate spinal loads in real time with lifting and pulling heavy cow leathers in variety of postures. Data for estimating mean trunk motions were collected as employees did their work at the job site, using the Lumbar Motion Monitor. Eight employees (2 males, 6 females) were selected in this study, in which the load weight and the vertical start and destination heights of the activity remained constant throughout the task. Variance components (three dimensional spaces) of mean trunk kinematic measures were estimated in a hierarchical design. They were used to compute velocity and acceleration of multiple employees performing the same task and to repetitive movements within a task. Therefore, a results of this study could be used as a quantitative, objective measure to design the workplace so that the risk of occupationally related low back disorder should be minimized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.834-839
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• 2000

The structural properties that SEM photograph of ZnO varistors surface studied by fractal mathematics program were investigated to verify the relations of electrical characteristics. The SEM photograph of ZnO varistors surface were changed by binary code and the grain shape of that were analyzed by fractal dimension. The void of ZnO varistors surface was found by fractal program. The relation between grain density and electrical properties depend on fractal dimension. The grain size in ZnO varistors surface was decreased by increasing of Sb$_2$O$_3$ addition. The spinel structure was formed by Sb$_2$O$_3$addition and it was depressed the ZnO grain formation. The grain size of ZnO by Sb$_2$O$_3$addition were from 5 to 10[${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$]. Among of ZnO varistors, fractal dimension of ZnO4 was very high as a 1.764. The density of grain boundary in ZnO2 and ZnO3 varistors surface was 15[%] by formed spinal structure. The breakdown electric field of ZnO2 that fractal dimension has 1.752 was very high to be 8.5[kV/cm]. When the fractal dimensin was high, the grain shape of ZnO varistors was complex and the serial layers of ZnO grain was increased.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2013

Objectives Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reason for people in Korea to visit Korean medical institutions. To assess actual amounts of use in the treatment of LBP in Korean medicine and to provide objective base line data for policy decision making, research regarding the current state of LBP patients' treatment in Korean medical institutions are in need. Methods The current study was designed as a retrospective chart review to investigate descriptive characteristics of LBP patients. The clinical records of 304 patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of LBP in Korean rehabilitation medicine inpatient clinics of five different Korean medicine hospitals were analyzed. The percentage of patient characteristics such as sex, age, average duration of admission, insurance type, diagnosed LBP related disease code, and rates of interventions applied were assessed. Results 1. The female sex was significantly predominant among patients with LBP : 105 patients (34.5%) were male and 199 patients (65.5%) were female. Percentage of the patients' age appeared as followed : 76 people (25.0%) were in their 50s, 64 people (21.1%) were in their 40s, 51 people (16.8%) were in their 30s, 37 people (12.2%) were in their 60s, and 33 people (10.9%) were in their 70s. Approximately half of the total LBP patients investigated were older than 50. 2. The average duration of admission was 16.2 days. Approximately one third (30.3%) of the patients were hospitalized for 8 to 14 days. 3. Female patients tended to stay admitted in hospitals slightly longer than male patients. Elderly (age 60~79) patients stayed in hospitals longer (17.8 days) compared to younger (age 20~39) patients (13.5 days). 4. More than half of the patients (171 cases, 56.3%) had their hospital bills covered with automobile insurance. 40.1% (122 cases) of the patients had medical insurance to cover their hospital bills. The average duration of admission of patients who had automobile insurance was 14.2 days, while that of the patients who had medical insurance was 18.4 days. 5. "Sprain and strain of the lumbar spine and pelvis" was the most commonly used (195 cases, 64.1%) disease code in patients with LBP. Patients diagnosed as "lumbar and other intervertebral disc disorders with radiculopathy" required the longest admission duration (22.1 days). 6. Herbal medication was applied to all of the patients during admission. Acupuncture was applied to all of the patients except one case diagnosed as spinal stenosis. Physical therapy, cupping therapy, moxibustion therapy, chuna therapy, and pharmacopuncture therapy were applied to 94.7, 92.8, 85.2, 83.9, and 49.7% of the patients, respectively. 7. There were certain differences among Korean medicine hospitals in terms of the LBP patients' duration of admission, type of insurance, frequency of the disease code use, type of intervention applied. Conclusions It is thought that the current study can be used as reference data in assessing the current state of LBP treatment in Korean rehabilitation medicine and a basis for future research. Provided improvements of certain limitations of the current study in future researches, such data would act as better base line data in policy decision making.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.467-474
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• 2014

The relative dose calculated by MCNPX and the relative dose measured by ionization chamber and solid phantoms evaluated the accuracy comparing with Monte Carlo simulation. In order to apply Monte Carlo simulation the intraluminal brachytherapy of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, 192Ir sealed radioactive source replicate, Bile duct and surrounding organs were made using KMIRD phantom based on a South Korea standard man. To check the absorbed dose of normal organs around bile duct, we set the specific effective energy and initial radioactivity to 1 Ci using MCNPX. Evaluation of the accuracy of the Monte Carlo simulation, the difference of the relative dose is the most 1.96% that satisfy the criteria that is the relative error less than 2% suggested by MCNPX code. In addition, The specific effective energy and absorbed dose of normal organs that were relatively adjacent to bile duct such as right side of kidney, liver, pancreas, transverse colon, spinal cord, stomach and small intestine were relatively high. on the contrary, the organs that were relatively distant to bile duct such as left side of kidney, spleen, ascending colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon were relatively low.