• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.927-933
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 mDixon 기법과 T2 TSE, T2 SPIR 기법을 비교하여 3번 허리뼈 체부, 등 지방, 척수, 뇌척수액 위치에서 검사 시간, 신호대잡음비, 대조도대잡음비의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 성인 30명을 대상으로 신호대잡음비에 영향 인자를 고정하고 요추 시상면을 mDixon검사와 T2 TSE, T2 SPIR 검사를 한 후 비교하였다. mDixon의 검사 시간은 115초, T2 TSE는 60초, T2 SPIR는 60초였다. mDixon T2영상은 T2 TSE 영상보다 3번 허리뼈 체부에서 신호대잡음비가 높았고, 등 지방과 뇌척수액에서는 SNR이 낮았으며(p<0.05), 척수에서는 비슷한 신호대잡음비을 가졌다(p>0.05). 3번 허리뼈 체부와 등 지방의 대조도대잡음비는 mDixon T2영상이 높았으며, 뇌척수액과 척수의 대조도대잡음비는 T2 TSE가 높았다(p<0.05). mDixon T2 FS영상은 T2 SPIR영상보다 3번 허리뼈 체부, 등 지방에서 낮았고, 척수, 뇌척수액에서는 높았다(p<0.05). 3번 허리뼈 체부와 등 지방의 대조도대잡음비는 mDixon T2 FS영상이 높았으며(p<0.05), 뇌척수액과 척수의 대조도 대잡음비는 두 영상이 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). mDixon 기법이 기존의 T2 TSE, T2 SPIR 기법에 비해 검사 시간, 각 부위의 신호대잡음비, 대조도대잡음비에서 보다 우수한 영상이라 하기 어려웠다. 하지만 본 연구는 단순 요추통증환자를 대상으로 제한하였다는 한계로, 기존의 연구에서 보고된 금속물 삽입, 척추 종양, 골절 환자 등 특정 환자군의 설정을 통한 추가 연구들이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

목적 요추 중심부 협착증(central lumbar spinal stenosis; 이하 CLSS)에 대하여 Lee grading system과 외과적 수술과의 상관관계를 평가하고 이것이 CLSS에 대하여 치료 방법을 정하기 위한 의사 결정 도구로 사용될 수 있는지 평가하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 이 후향적 연구에는 290명의 환자가 포함되었다(남:여 = 156:134; 평균 연령, 46 ± 16세). 영상의학과 전문의들은 CLSS를 4등급으로 분류하는 Lee grading system에 따라 협착 지점에서 CLSS의 유무와 등급을 평가했다. Spearman 순위 상관관계를 사용하여 Lee의 등급과 수술 시행 여부 간의 상관 계수를 계산했다. 결과 수술을 시행한 환자에서 2등급이 가장 흔했고(50%-58%), 3등급이 다음으로 흔했으며(35%), 0등급이 가장 흔하지 않았다(2%-3%). 수술을 받지 않은 환자의 경우 1등급이 가장 흔했고(63%-65%), 0등급이 그 다음(15%-16%), 3등급이 가장 흔하지 않았다(8%). 등급 분포는 수술 치료군과 비수술 치료군 사이에서 유의하게 차이가 있었다(p < 0.001). 수술을 받은 환자의 25% 미만에서 0과 1등급이 있었던 반면 2등급과 3등급이 88% 이상이었다. 등급과 수술 사이에 중간 정도(moderate)의 상관관계가 있었다(r_s = 0.632 and r_s = 0.583). 결론 Lee grading system은 수술적 치료 시행과 중간 정도의 상관관계가 있었다. Lee grading system은 CLSS의 치료 방법 결정에서 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2014

척추뼈전이암 환자를 대상으로 본원의 동시통합추가치료법(SIB)과 RTOG 0631 프로토콜에 따른 체부정위방사선치료계획을 세우고, 선량분포를 비교하였다. 간암 원발인 척추 뼈 전이암 환자 5명을 대상으로 전산화단층촬영 영상과 자기공명영상(T1, T2)를 바탕으로 영상융합을 시행하였다. 본원에서 시행하는 SIB방법은 영상에서 보이는 종양을 GTV로 설정하고, GTV를 포함한 전체 척추체부(entire vertebral body, VB)를 CTV1로 정의하였고 GTV에 18 Gy CTV1에 10 Gy를 1회 처방하였다. RTOG 0631 프로토콜 방법은 GTV의 침윤 정도에 따라 주변부의 추근, 좌우 횡돌기 및 극돌기 등을 선택적으로 포함하여 CTV2로 정의하였고 18 Gy 1회 처방하여 체부정위방사선치료계획을 시행하였다. 선량체적화 결과값을 선량-체적 히스토그램을 통해 분석한 결과, 두 방법 모두 표적에 대하여 처방 선량을 만족하였으며, 척수 및 정상 장기에 대하여는 SIB방법이 RTOG 0631프로토콜보다는 낮은 값을 보였다. 또한, 전체 VB의 조사선량분포를 정량화한 결과, RTOG 0631프로토콜에서도 SIB방법과 동일한 처방선량 허용치 85%이상을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 정상 장기에 대한 선량은 RTOG 0631 프로토콜에 따른 치료 방법이 높은 편이었다. 주변부 장기의 부작용이 우려되는 임상적 상황의 경우 조사 체적이 적은 SIB방법이 좋은 선택이 될 수 있을 것이다. 결론적으로 SIB방법이나 RTOG 0631 프로토콜에 따른 표적체적 설정을 통한 체부정위방사선치료계획 모두 유사한 결과를 보였으며, 향후 다양한 연구를 통해 종양제어확률 및 부작용 확률의 차이를 분석해야 할 것이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.713-717
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• 2010

추간판 탈출증은 개에서 일반적인 신경학적 질병이다. 수의 신경학 임상에서 흉요추 추간판 탈출증의 비수술적 치료 또는 수술적 치료의 결과는 잘 보고되어 있다. 그러나 경추 추간판 탈출증의 비수술적 치료 또는 수술적 치료의 결과에 대해서는 상대적으로 적게 알려져 있다. 우리의 목적은 경추 추간판 탈출증을 가진 개에서의 수술적 치료와 비수술적 치료후의 결과에 대해 체계적으로 조사하는 것이다. 수술적 치료를 실시한 개의 치료 성공률(100%, 25/25) 이 비수술적 치료를 실시한 개의 치료 성공률(51.4%, 18/35) 에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 비수술적 치료군에서 치료 성공률과 척수 압박률과는 부정적인 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 경추 추간판 탈출증을 가진 개에서의 수술적 치료는 비수술적 치료에 비해 더 효과적이었다. 또한 CT 또는 MRI 상에서 확인된 척수압박의 정도는 비수술적 치료에서 유용한 예후의 지표가 되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2006

폐결핵 치료중 흉부엑스선상 악화 및 갑자기 발생한 하지 마비와 감각이상으로 자기공명영상 촬영후 급성 횡단척수염 진단 및 객담 검사상 다제내성 결핵균 검출로 2차 결핵약제와 스테로이드 병합치료를 시행하여 부분적으로 호전을 보였던 증례이다. 급성 횡단척수염은 매우 드문 질환이며 균주의 직접 침범이나 면역학적 기전으로 발생하나 후자가 더 가능성 있는 기전으로 생각되어지고 있다. 아직도 결핵 및 다제내성 결핵의 유병률이 높은 국내 상황에서 드물게 결핵이 원인으로 추정된 급성 횡단척수염의 증례를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2017

In this study, we compared the standardized value of each signal intensity, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) that digitizes the diffusion of water molecules, and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) using b value 0 400, 1400 ($s/mm^2$). From March 2013 to December 2013, patients with suspicion of simple compound fracture and metastatic spine cancer were included in the MR readout. We used a 1.5 Tesla Achieva MRI system and a Syn-Spine Coil. Sequence is a DWI SE-EPI sagittal (diffusion weighted imaging spin echo-echo planar imaging sagittal) image with b-factor ($s/mm^2$) 0, 400, 1400 were used. Data analysis showed ROI (Region of Interest) in diseased area with high SI (signal intensity) in diffusion-weighted image b value 0 ($s/mm^2$) Using the MRIcro program, each SI was calculated with images of b-value 0, 400, and 1400 ($s/mm^2$), ADC map was obtained using Metlab Software with each image of b-value, The ADC is obtained by applying the ROI to the same position. The standardized values ($SI_{400}/SI_0$, $SI_{400}/SI_0$) of simple compression fractures were $0.47{\pm}0.04$ and $0.23{\pm}0.03$ and the standardized values ($SI_{400}/SI_0$, $SI_{400}/SI_0$) of the metastatic spine were $0.57{\pm}0.07$ and $0.32{\pm}0.08$ And the standardized values of the two diseases were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 400 ($s/mm^2$) and 1400 ($s/mm^2$) of the simple compression fracture disease site were $1.70{\pm}0.16$ and $0.93{\pm}0.28$ and $1.24{\pm}0.21$ and $0.80{\pm}0.15$ for the metastatic spine. The ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 400($s/mm^2$) was statistically significant (p < 0.05) but the ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 1400 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, multi - b value recognition of signal changes in diffusion - weighted imaging is very important for the diagnosis of various spinal diseases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2017

Objective : Laminoplasty is an effective surgical method for treating cervical degenerative disease. However, postoperative complications such as kyphosis, restriction of neck motion, and instability are often reported. Despite sufficient preoperative lordosis, this procedure often aggravates the lordotic curve of the cervical spine and straightens cervical alignment. Hence, it is important to examine preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative kyphotic alignment changes. Our study aimed to investigate preoperative radiologic parameters associated with kyphotic deformity post laminoplasty. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) preoperative diagnosis of OPLL or CSM, 2) no previous history of cervical spinal surgery, cervical trauma, tumor, or infection, 3) minimum of one-year follow-up post laminoplasty with proper radiologic examinations performed in outpatient clinics, and 4) cases showing C7 and T1 vertebral body in the preoperative cervical sagittal plane. The radiologic parameters examined included C2-C7 Cobb angles, T1 slope, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), range of motion (ROM) from C2-C7, segmental instability, and T2 signal change observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical factors examined included preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, disease classification, duration of symptoms, and the range of operation levels. Results : Mean preoperative sagittal alignment was $13.01^{\circ}$ lordotic; $6.94^{\circ}$ lordotic postoperatively. Percentage of postoperative kyphosis was 80%. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to postoperative Cobb angle change; a control group (n=22) and kyphotic group (n=27). The kyphotic group consisted of patients with more than $5^{\circ}$ kyphotic angle change postoperatively. There were no differences in age, sex, C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, C2-C7 SVA, ROM from C2-C7, segmental instability, or T2 signal change. Multiple regression analysis revealed T1 slope had a strong relationship with postoperative cervical kyphosis. Likewise, correlation analysis revealed there was a statistical significance between T1 slope and postoperative Cobb angle change (p=0.035), and that there was a statistically significant relationship between T1 slope and C2-C7 SVA (p=0.001). Patients with higher preoperative T1 slope demonstrated loss of lordotic curvature postoperatively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has a high probability of aggravating sagittal balance of the cervical spine. T1 slope is a good predictor of postoperative kyphotic changes of the cervical spine. Similarly, T1 slope is strongly correlated with C2-C7 SVA.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Background: In order to find out the effect of therapy methods through Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique on pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc targeting patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1. Method: This study was to present the directivity of the therapy method for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by comparing and analyzing the spinal decompression therapy and provide an effective treatment method to patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by identifying the therapeutic effect of Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique. The research period is March 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 and subjects are the patients diagnosed as lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1 by their doctor through clinical findings and medical equipment such as X-ray, CT, MRI etc. Among patients who visited and hospitalized in S Orthopaedics located in Daegu and 30 female patients with sacral angle of more than $30^{\circ}$ were randomly classified into 15 people and we carried out treatment three times a week for 8 weeks for 15 people in the experimental group applying Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique and 15 people in the control group applying spinal decompression therapy to compare and analyze the changes in pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Result: According to the results of this study, changes in the Visual Analogue Scale showed statistically significant differences in both the experimental group and control group(p<.05), while there was statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups before and after measurement of experimental group (p<.05). In the comparison within two groups of sacral angle, both groups showed statistically significant difference(p<.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of scores between groups before and after measurement of each group(p>.05). Discussion: All those results the above proved that we need to confirm various benefits of the therapy with the flexion-distraction technique and drop technique, and the findings of the concerned study will possibly become useful information when doctors actually work on a therapy to treat patients with the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2013

A burnt-out prostate cancer tumor is a very rare clinical entity. The term 'burnt-out' refers to a primary tumor that has spontaneously and nearly completely regressed without treatment. Since metastasis of prostate cancer is usually encountered in the presence of advanced disease, distant metastasis with an undetectable primary tumor is very rare. We report herein a case of a burnt-out prostate cancer tumor that metastasized to the thoracic (T) spine and caused cord compression. A 66-year-old man visited the Emergency Department due to weakness of both legs for the past two days. His blood and urine tests were normal at the time. His spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans looked like bone metastasis that involved the T-7 vertebral body and a posterior element, and caused spinal cord compression. Other images, including from the brain MRI, neck/chest/abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and endoscopy, revealed no lesions that suggested malignancy. After total corpectomy T-7 and screw fixation/fusion at T5 to T10, the pathology report revealed a metastatic carcinoma that was strongly positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The serum PSA value was 1.5 ng/mL. The transrectal 12-core prostate biopsy and ultrasonography showed no definitive hypoechoic lesion, but one specimen had slight (only 1%) adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 6 (3+3). The final diagnosis was burned-out prostate cancer with an initial normal PSA value. Although metastatic disease with an unknown primary origin was confirmed, a more aggressive approach in seeking the primary origin could provide a more specific treatment strategy and greater clinical benefit to patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

Background: The common causes of lower back pain with or without leg pain includes disk disease and spinal stenosis. A definitive diagnosis is usually made by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but treatment is often difficult because the MRI findings are not consistent with the symptoms of the patient in many cases. The objective of this study was to observe the correlation between the patterns of epidurography performed in patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain and the position or severity of the pain as subjectively described by the patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 69 outpatients with lower back pain with or without leg pain who visited our clinic and complained of predominant pain on one side. We performed caudal epidural block using an image intensifier. A mixture of the therapeutic drug and the contrast agent (10 ml) was injected to observe the contrast flow pattern. The patients who complained of predominant pain on one side were divided into the left side group and the right side group. A judgment of inconsistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the side of the pain, while a judgment of consistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the opposite side of the pain. The degree of the drug distribution was evaluated by counting the number of cells to which the contrast agent's flowed for evaluating the correlation between the contrasted cell and the severity of pain (one group ${\leq}$ VAS 7, the other group ${\geq}$ VAS 8) the degree of the contrast agent's contrast was evaluated by dividing and counting an image into 15 cells (the left, right, and middle sections at each level of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3). Results: Thirty out of the 69 patients who had laterality in pain, that is, those who complained of predominant pain on one side, showed that the laterality of the pain and the contrast agent flow was consistent, while 39 patients showed that the laterality was inconsistent (P: 0.137). The evaluation of the correlation between the pain and the contrast agent flow showed that the mean number of contrasted cells was $9.0{\pm}2.2$ for the 46 patients in the group with a VAS of 7 or lower and $6.5{\pm}2.0$ for the 23 patients in the group with a VAS of 8 or higher, indicating that the former group showed a significantly greater number of contrasted cells (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study, conducted with patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain, showed that the contrast flow pattern of caudal epidurography had a significant correlation with the severity of the pain but not with the laterality of the pain.