• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2016

Understanding of morphological structures such as the sphenoid spine and pterygoid processes is important during lateral transzygomatic infratemporal fossa approach. In addition, osseous variations such as pterygospinous and pterygoalar bridges are significant in clinical practice because they can produce various neurological disturbances or block the passage of a needle into the trigeminal ganglion through the foramen ovale. Two hundred and eighty-four sides of Korean adult dry skulls were observed to carry out morphometric analysis of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process, to investigate, for the first time among Koreans, the incidence of the pterygospinous and pterygoalar bony bridges, to compare the results with those available for other regional populations, and to discuss their clinical relevance as described on literatures. The mean of maximum widths of the left and right lateral plates of the pterygoid process were 15.99 mm and 16.27 mm, respectively. Also, the mean of maximum heights of the left and right lateral plates were 31.02 mm and 31.01 mm, respectively. The ossified pterygospinous ligament was observed in 51 sides of the skulls (28.0%). Ossification of the pterygospinous ligament was complete in four sides (1.4%). In 47 sides (16.6%), the pterygospinous bridge was incomplete. The ossified pterygoalar ligament was observed in 24 sides of the skulls (8.4%). Ossification was complete in eight sides (2.8%) and incomplete in 16 sides (5.6%). This detailed analysis of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process and related ossification of ligaments can improve the understanding of complex clinical neuralgias associated with this region.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2001

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) account for only $3.4\%$ of symptomatic metastases to the spinal cord. The survival of patients with ISCM is characteristically short, often no longer than 2 months, due to a rapid neurologic deterioration and the presence of widespread metastases, Including metastases to the brain. We report two cases of ISCM arising from primary sphenoid sinus carcinoma and primary lung cancer along with a review of the literature. The case of ISCM from the primary sphenoid sinus is the third case of secondary syringomyelia due to ISCM In the world literature, and ISCM from the primary lung cancer is the first case reported in Korea. One case showed a slow progression of symptoms and a longer survival (26 months after the radiotherapy to the spine), and the other showed a rapid deterioration of symptoms with a shorter survival. More effective palliation can be achieved if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage when the neurologic deficits are still reversible.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of orthopedic forces on the craniofacial complex utilizing the three kinds of the head gear. (high pull head gear, straight pull head gear, cervical pull head gear) For this study, the teeth and alveolar bone and palate were reproduced from birefringent materials and other parts of craniofacial complex were coated with birefringent material on the model. The effect of orthopedic forces on the craniofacial complex was analyzed by photoelastic method using transmission polariscope and reflection polariscope. The results were as follows. 1. The cervical pull head gear had the greatest tipping effect on the maxillary molars and high pull head gear had the least tipping effect. 2. In areas stressed, the cervical pull head gear stressed the greatest degree. 3. Only cervical pull head gear produced stress at the zygomaticofrontal suture and the posterior region of palate. 4. The straight pull head gear and high pull head gear produced stress at just inferior to the anterior nasal spine. 5. The cervical pull head gear and straight pull head gear produced tensile stress at the fronto-maxillary suture. 6. The pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone, the zygomatic arches, the junction of the maxilla with the lacrimal and ethmoid bone, and the maxillary molars were affected by three types of head gear.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the midline having the least difference between the right and left structures among the lines that had been used in the study of the craniomaxillofacial asymmetry. The sample of this study consisted of twenty six Korean girls(average 18.9 years old) having normal facial appearance and occlusion. On the frontal cephalometric films of the sample, we divided the whole craniomaxillofacial area into four portions, i.e., cranial, upper facial, lower facial, and dental portion. So, we have found the midlines having the least difference in the whole craniomaxillofacial area itself, and in the each divided four portions, furtherly in the other portions from aimed portion. The findings were as follow: 1. In the whole craniomaxillofacial area, the connecting line between crista galli and anterior nasal spine and the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums were suitable for the midline. 2. In the cranial portion, established all six lines were suitable for midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisection line between both condylion, the line passing the contact point between right and left mandibular central insisiors among the perpendicular lines between right and left mandibular central incisial tips were suitable midlines fer evaluating the asymmetry of cranial portion. 3. In the upper facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left zygions was the most suitable midline. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and the most superior point of the odontoid process, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left gonions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left condylions, and perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramens rotundum were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the upper facial portion 4. In the dental portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both maxillary first molars and between right and left mandibular first molars were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left landmarks crossing the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and orbit, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left mental foramens, and the connecting line between crista galli and prosthion were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of dental portion. 5. In the lower facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left condylions and between right and left gonions were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and anterior nasal spine, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums, and the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both mandibular first molars and between right and left maxillary first molars were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the lower facial portion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the location of descending palatine artery, the anatomy of pterygomaxillary junction, and the association between the obtained anatomic values and several variables. Methods: We studied 40 patients who were treated for dentofacial deformites from January 2010 to December 2012 in Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea. Cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT) was done for all patients. The reference point was approximately 5 to 7 mm above anterior nasal spine on axial image. We evaluated the location of the greater palatine canal (line a: on the coronal view, the shortest line between the center of greater palatine canal and pterygoid fossa; distance a: the distance of line a). We also measured the thickness (line b: on the coronal view, the shortest line between maxillary posterior sinus wall and pterygoid fossa; distance b: distance of line b), width (line c: on the coronal view, the line perpendicular to the line b and the nearest line from the most concave point of lateral pterygoid plate to the medial pterygoid plate; distance c: distance of line c) and height (line d: on sagittal view, the vertically longest line of pterygoid junction; distance d: the distance of line d) in pterygomaxillary junctions. We evaluated the association between the obtained anatomic values and several variables (sex, age, height and weight). Results: The mean distance a was 4.78 mm, mean distance b was 5.53 mm, mean distance c was 8.01 mm and mean distance d was 13.22 mm. The differences between age and mean distance c and weight and mean distance d in pterygomaxillary junctions are statistically significant. Conclusion: There apparently is anatomic variation of pterygomaxillary junctions by various values, particularly weight and age in a Korean clinical population.