• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.563-573
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• 1995

To know the effect of Ivermectin(IVM) toxicity in testis, histopathologic changes as well as clinical signs were observed in experimental animals including dogs by the subcutaneous injection with 3-50mg/kg of IVM. Clinically, it was observed to have depression and ataxia in all groups whereas tremor and coma in mice, rats and guinea pigs, coma in hamsters and rabbits, and tremor and salivation in dogs were shown. The clinical signs were different by the dosage of IVM, species and individuals in all animals. Susceptibility to IVM was most sensitive in dogs, especially in a Tosa dog and this was susceptible in mice, hamsters and rabbits, guinea pigs and rats in order. Microscopical observation revealed that the seminiferous tubules of testis had decreased thickness of germinal epithelium due to the necrosis and desquamation of the spermatids and spermatocytes. The progressive pattern by the times of administration showed vacuolar formation between the layer of spermatids and spermatogonia due to the marked necrosis of spermatocytes and the presence of multinucleated giant cells derived from spermatid throughout the seminiferous tubules of testis. Only a layer of spermatogonia, a few spermatogonia, and Sertoli cells wore observed with atrophied wavelike basement membrane in the seminiferous tubules of testis. Necrotic germinal cells, sloughed immature spermatids and spermatocytes were present in the lumen of epididymis and ductus deferens. Microscopical observation showed different susceptibility to IVM with clinical observation in which it was also most sensitive in dogs, especially in a Tosa dog and this was susceptible in rabbits and guinea pigs, hamsters, rats and mice in order. It was considered that IVM affects mainly spermatocyte or spermatid stage in the spermatogenesis and disturbs their developing beyond these stage.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 1972

Ultrastructures of spermiogeneis in other invertebrates were investigated by several workes (Anderson, et al., 1967; Bloch, et al., 1964; Christen, 1961; Gatenby, et al., 1959; Paik, et al., 1968; Silveira, 1964; Yasuzumi, 1957) but spermiogenesis of dragonfly has not been reported previously. Testes and vass deferentia of the Korean dragonfly, Crocothemis servilia, were used for electron microscopic study of spermiogenesis. Materials were prefixed for 1-2 hours at $3^{\circ}C$ in 1.25% glutaraldehyde buffered to pH 7.2 with 0.2M sodium cacodylate buffer. Fixed tissue was washed twice in 0.2M cacodylate buffer and was subsequently postfixed for 2 hours at $3^{\circ}C$ in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to pH 7.2 with 0.4M sodium cacodylate buffer solution. Specimens were dehydrated in graded ethyl alcohol, and finally embedded in epoxy Epon resin. Thin sections prepared from all the blocks were doubly stained; first in uranyl acetate and then in lead citrate. All thin sectios were examined with a Hitachi HS-7S electron microscope. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. Along the condensation of chromatin in nucleus, the shpae of nucleus was changed from spherical shpae to ellipse and cone cell type. 2. During the elongation of nucleus and the migration of cytoplasm, the nucleus removed to the one side of spermatid and began to invaginate from the posterior portion of nucleus. 3. There are ring centrioles in invaginated portion and axial filaments derived from centriole extend to the tail through the tailward half of spermatid. 4. In the cross sections the axial filament consisted of a central sheath, a central fibril, and 9 peripheral doublets.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2004

To discover germ cell-specific transcripts, we prepared a cDNA library from adult testes of 35-day old mice and subtracted it with mRNA from the testes of juvenile mice. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that 42 cDNA clones in the subtracted library were expressed more intensely in the adult testes than in the juvenile testes. One clone identified by subtraction is expressed preferentially in the late spermatid and is located on chromosome 17E3 in mouse and 2p22 in human. (omitted)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2004

The annual changes in testis weight and diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the seminiferous epithelium cycle of Tamias sibiricus were studied by light microscope. Testis weight and diameter of seminiferous tubule are significantly increased from January to July, and decreased rapidly to the size from August to December. Spermatogenesis occurs from January to July, and spermatocytogenesis are produced from August to December. The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was divided into 12 stages during the development of spermatids as a changes of the nucleus and acrosomal structure, presence and/or absence of residual body, appearance and/or absence of sperm tail and meiotic figure and spermiation. The dark type spermatogonia (Ad) are appeared in all stages (I ~ XII), and the spermatids of step 10 are observed at I, II, X and XII stages. The spermatids of step 11 are appeared in III and IV stages, only the step 12 spermatid observed in V stage.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1995

The present study was carried out to establish several spermatotoxicity test methods. For this purpose we investigated following parameters in the fertility study of DA-125, a new anticancer agent, in rats: testicular spermatid counts, epididymal sperm counts, daily sperm production rate, sperm morphology, and serum testosterone concentration. Motility and velocity of sperms were also measured using non-treated rats. At 0.3 mg DA-125/kg, spermatids per 1g testis and daily sperm production rate per 1g testis were significantly decreased, when compared with those of control group. Several types of abnormal sperms, such as no head, pin head, double head, hook at wrong angle, no tail, and small sperm, were found in both treated and control groups at a low frequency. Serum testosterone concentration at 0.3 mg DA-125/kg was close to the control value. Sperm motility and velocity measured with non-treated rats were in a good agreement with the results of other investigators. In our study established spermatotoxicity test methods can be used as a tool not only for the close examination of the cause of drug- or chemical-induced infertility, but also for the effective evaluation of reproductive toxicity.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2002

Achieving of in vitro development for mammalian premature spermatogenic cells are very difficult. In-vitro culture of spermatogenic cells were then initiated in an effort to try to study in vivo spermatogenesis and to understand its molecular events. Recently, the morphogenetic changes of spermatocytes or spermatid by in-vitro culture system were achieved. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 1999

We examined the ultrastructure of eupyrene and apyrene spermatogenesis in the testis of Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The spermatogenesis was progressed near the fringe adjacent to the follicular layer of the testicular follicle, surrounding the apical cell concentrically. Eupyrene and apyrene were firstly distinguished at the telophase stage of the primary spermatocyte. Chromatin was evenly scattered in eupyrene nuclei, whereas it was lumped near the nuclear envelope in apyrene spermatogenesis. Then, the nucleus of eupyrene was transformed into two daughter nuclei by meiosis, while the nucleus of apyrene was divided into many micronuclei by irregular meiosis. After the meiosis was completed, a number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the early spermatids of the eupyrene and the apyrene were fused into one nebenkern. Also, as axial filament was formed due to the elongation of the spermatid, the nebenkern became splitted into mitochondrial derivatives. An acrosome precursor was present only in the eupyrene, attached to nuclear envelope.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1998

The three-dimensional structure of the Sertoli cell in the rat was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Morphologically, seven types of Sertoli cell processes were evident : Shrot, flat and ramified processes are projected from the lateral side of the basal portion of Sertoli cell. Leaf-like processes are attached to the surface of spermatocytes and spermatids. Slender cord-like processes, flat and irregular shaped processes, sucker-like processes and club-like processes are observated in the middle and apical portion of seminiferous epithelium. The sheet-like processes rest upon more than one-thirds of the surface of each spermatogonium, spermatocyes and spermatids located in the proximity of the Sertoli cell. All Sertoli processes are originated from Sertoli cell column. Just before spermiation, the processes which are attached to the head of maturation spermatid are eliminated. Though the mechanism for elimination of residual body is not known, these observations segget that the Sertoli cell process are thought to have a reciprocity with the germ cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2003

Recently, sperm has been used as a vector to carry exogenous genes for the production of transgenic animals. However, the success in cattle is low, due to deficiencies in oocyte activation and sperm decondensation caused by high disulphide bond (S=S) content in mature sperm. This study was carried out to develop an effective method for producing transgenic animals with round spermatids (RS). Two methods of embryo production - electric fusion (EC) or intracyto-plasmic injection (IC) and three activation treatments were compared. RS were isolated from bull testes by Percoll density gradients (20, 35, 40, 45 and 90%). Fusion between ooplast and RS was performed with a single DC electric pulse (1.0 KV/cm, 45 sec) in 0.28 M mannitol solution supplemented with 100 M CaCl2 and 100 M MgCl$_2$. (중략)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of goat milk and fermented goat milk on reproductive function and stamina of male rodent. Methods: Experiment I: Male ICR mouse was divided into four groups. Group 1 none-treated control; Group 2 received saline; Group 3 received cow milk 10 ml/kg per day for 15 days; Group 4 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 15 days. The cauda epididymal sperm motility and testicular sperm production were investigated. Experiment II: Male SD rat was divided into three groups. Group 1 received saline; Group 2 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 28 days; Group 3 received fermented goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 28 days. The cauda epididymal sperm motility and testicular sperm production were also investigated. The concentration of testosterone in serum at 1 and 3 weeks after treatment was determined using Immulite 2000 kit. Testes, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle were weighed. Experiment III: Male ICR mouse was divided into four groups. Group 1 none-treated control; Group 2 received saline; Group 3 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 4 weeks; Group 4 received fermented goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 4 weeks. After treatment, the mouse was forced to swim to test for stamina. Results: In Experiment I, the cauda epididymal sperm motility after in vitro culture for 1 or 3 h was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cow milk and goat milk than in the control and saline. There was no significant difference in the cauda epidymal sperm motility between cow and goat milk. The testicular spermatid number was significantly (p<0.01) higher in goat milk (222.8${\times}10^6$) than in the control (108.6), saline (98.2), and cow milk (118.2). In Experiment II, the cauda epididymal sperm motility after in vitro culture for 1 h was significantly (p<0.05) higher in fermented goat milk than in saline and goat milk. There was no significant difference in the cauda epidymal sperm motility between saline and goat milk but goat milk showed slightly higher sperm motility than saline. After in vitro culture for 3 h, the cauda epididymal sperm motility was significantly (p<0.01) higher in fermented goat milk and goat milk than in saline. The testicular spermatid number was significantly (p<0.05) higher in goat milk than in saline, and significantly (p<0.01) higher in fermented goat milk than in saline. And the serum testosterone levels of rats administered with goat milk or fermented goat milk were increased but were no significant difference among three groups. Also the prostate weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the goat and fermented goat milk. In Experiment III, the swimming time in the goat milk and fermented goat milk groups was significantly (p<0.01) longer than in the control and saline. There was no significant difference in the swimming time between goat and fermented goat milk but the fermented goat milk showed slightly longer swimming time than the goat milk. Conclusion: The cauda epididymal sperm motility, the testicular spermatid number and stamina were improved when the mice and rats were drunk with goat milk or fermented goat milk.