• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.589-602
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• 2011

In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different compost teas on plant growth reponses and yield of leaf lettuce. Compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing compost and water for a defined period of time. The pig manure and spent mushroom compost were made by steeping compost in water. Compost tea was aerated from 24 hours and molasses and kelp were added as supplements. The four types of compost were tested growth of lettuce. EC of animal manure compost tea was higher than that of spent mushroom compost tea. Mineral nutrients were significantly higher in animal manure compost tea compared with spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea contains nutrient and a ranges of different organisms. The beneficial fungi and actinomycetes were prominent in a spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea from animal manure had the higher numbers of total bacteria. The actinomycetes densities were high in spent mushroom compost tea. But actinomycetes were not founded in animal manure compost tea. The growth characteristics of lettuce in animal manure compost tea were higher than those of spent mushroom compost tea. And also SPAD value in leaf was high in plot treated with animal manure compost tea. The fresh yield of lettuce in animal compost tea was higher by 181% that of control plot. The effect of compost tea on growth of lettuce was largely attributable to mineral nutrient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1560-1568
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, nutrient characteristics, ruminal solubility, degradability and disappearance of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates for ruminants. The annual yield of spent Agaricus bisporus substrates was measured to be about 210,000 tons (M/T) in South Korea. The surface soil-removed spent substrates had nutritional characteristics of high crude ash (375 g/kg) and Ca (32 g/kg), medium protein (134 g/kg CP), and high fiber (384 g/kg NDF on a DM basis). Compared with initial mushroom substrates, spent mushroom substrates had twice higher (p<0.0001) CP content and 22.0% lower (p<0.0001) NDF content on an organic matter basis. Compared with raw rice straw, spent rice straw had much higher (p<0.05) predicted ruminal degradabilities and disappearances of DM and CP and a little lower (p<0.05) predicted degradability and disappearance of NDF. In conclusion, the general feed-nutritional value of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates appeared to improve after cultivation of mushrooms.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2012

버섯수확후배지는 버섯을 수확한 후 남겨진 배지를 말하며 버섯배지의 주원료는 가축 사료원료인 콘코브, 미강, 밀기울, 면실피, 비트펄프 등이고 버섯재배과정에서 배지영양원의 약 15-25% 정도만 버섯에 의해 이용되고 나머지 75-85% 정도는 버섯수확후배지에 남아있기 때문에 버섯수확후 배지는 사료자원으로써 활용가치가 매우 높은 농산부산물이다. 버섯수확후배지 중 사료자원으로 이용할 수 있는 것은 새송이, 팽이, 느타리버섯 수확후배지이며 새송이버섯 수확후배지는 난분해성 물질인 톱밥이 함유되어 있기 때문에 섬유소 함량은 높고 가소화양분 함량은 낮다는 단점이 있지만 cellulase와 xylanase 활성이 높은 미생물을 가축사료 첨가용 생균제로 이용하여 버섯수확후배지 발효사료를 제조하면 버섯수확후배지의 섬유소 함량은 낮아질 수 있다. 그러나 새송이버섯 수확후배지는 가소화양분 함량이 낮기 때문에 새송이버섯 수확후배지 발효사료를 단독으로 급여하기보다는 버섯수확후배지 발효사료를 일정량 첨가한 배합사료를 제조하여 급여하는 것이 영양학적인 측면에서 바람직하며 발효과정에 의해 기호성과 저장성이 개선된 새송이버섯 수확후배지 발효사료의 급여는 축우의 사료비 절감과 고급육 생산 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2011

느타리버섯 병 재배용으로 널리 사용되고 있는 미송톱밥, 비트펄프, 면실박(50:30:20) 혼합배지에 춘추느타리 2호를 재배한 배지를 풀버섯 재배 배지인 면실피펠릿, 밀기울, 탄산칼슘분말(90:9:1)배지에 혼합하여 상자재배시험을 통한 배양 및 생육특성을 비교분석한 결과, 느타리버섯 수확 후 배지의 첨가량이 많을수록 배지의 pH는 낮아지는 경향이었고, 총질소 함량이 높아 C/N율이 낮았다. 또한 미생물 밀도는 느타리버섯 수확 후 배지 첨가량 50%일 때 가장 높았으며 오염은 첨가량 0, 25, 50%가 10~13%로 비교적 낮은 오염율을 보였다. 균사배양기간 7일, 초발이 소요일수는 11~14일, 수확기간은 3~5일로 처리 간의 차이가 적어 총 재배기간도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수량은 기본배지인 면실피 펠릿 발효 배지(대조구, 356g/상자)보다 수확 후 배지 첨가량 50%+기본배지(면실피 펠릿 발효 배지)처리구가 같은 수량을 나타냈으며, 또한 수확 개체수 및 개체중도 대조구와 동등하여 수확 후 배지를 이용한 배지재료 절감효과가 인정되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2019

Over a million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are generated as by-products of mushroom cultivation every year in Korea. Disposal of SMS by mushroom farmers is difficult, therefore, recycling solutions that do not harm the environment are necessary. SMS consists of mushroom mycelia and residues of fruiting bodies, containing a variety of bioactive substances, such as extracellular enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and secondary metabolites. This paper reviews utility of SMS for bioremediation, controlling plant disease, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes, organic fertilizer, and animal feed.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

여러 가지 방법으로 전처리된 느타리 버섯 폐배지에 대한 줄지렁이 개체군의 섭식률 및 생장률을 조사하였다. 갓 발생한 버섯폐배지의 부숙기간을 달리하여 지렁이에게 급이하였을 경우, 20일 이상 부숙된 버섯 폐배지보다 10일 이하로 부숙된 버섯 폐배지에 대한 지렁이 개체군의 섭식량 및 생장률이 높았다. 분변토를 첨가한 버섯폐배지나 질소영양원으로서 요소비료를 첨가하여 부숙한 버섯폐배지는 지렁이 개체군의 섭식률과 생장률을 증대시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 버섯폐배지를 분쇄하여 공급하였을 경우에는 섭식량 및 생장률이 증가하였다. 특히 분쇄된 버섯폐배지에 미강을 첨가하였을 경우에는 분쇄하지 않은 단순 버섯폐배지보다 생장률이 1.85배 증가하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.845-851
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• 2006

Spent compost wheat straw is an available by-product from edible mushroom production, which constitutes a potential pollutant and is cost effective for disposal. This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value as ruminant feed of spent wheat straw compost from Agaricus bisporus mushroom production. The compost was provided from a mushroom farm, the casing soil was removed from the whole compost, and then it was sun dried and sampled for chemical analysis. An experiment was conducted, in which four wheat straw-based diets comprising control (I), 10% spent straw (II), 20% spent straw (III) and 30% spent straw (IV) were tested in a cross-over design using 8 sheep. Dry matter intake (DMI) was 74.0, 73.8, 70.2 and 57.1 and organic matter intake (OMI) was 62.7, 63.4, 58.0 and 44.4 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ for diets I, II, III and IV, respectively, which, were significantly (p<0.05) lower for diet IV. Digestible OMI was respectively 33.1, 32.6, 30.6 and, 20.2 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ on the four diets which were significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments. Inclusion of spent compost straw up to 20% of the diet did not affect the digestibility of DM, OM, CF, ADF and NDF, but the diet containing 30% compost straw had statistically (p<0.05) lower digestibilities. Nitrogen balance was also significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1859-1869
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• 2021

Objective: The effects of a crude protease extracted from Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushrooms on the postmortem tenderization mechanism and quality improvement in spent hen breast were investigated. Methods: Different percentages of the crude protease extracted from CM mushrooms were introduced to spent hen breast via spray marination, and its effects on tenderness-related indexes and proteolytic enzymes were compared to papain. Results: The results indicated that there was a possible improvement by the protease extracted from CM mushroom through the upregulation of endogenous proteolytic enzymes involved in the calpain system, cathepsin-B, and caspase-3 coupled with its nucleotide-specific impact. However, the effect of the protease extracted from CM mushroom was likely dose-dependent, with significant improvements at a minimum level of 4%. Marination with the protease extracted from CM mushroom at this level led to increased protein solubility and an increased myofibrillar fragmentation index. The sarcoplasmic protein and collagen contents seemed to be less affected by the protease extracted from CM mushroom, indicating that substrate hydrolysis was limited to myofibrillar protein. Furthermore the protease extracted from CM mushroom intensified meat product taste due to increasing the inosinic acid content, a highly effective salt that provides umami taste. Conclusion: The synergistic results of the proteolytic activity and nucleotide-specific effects following treatments suggest that the exogenous protease derived from CM mushroom has the potential for improving the texture of spent hen breast.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.823-832
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• 2021

Mushroom cultivation along with the palm oil industry in Malaysia have contributed to large volumes of accumulated lignocellulosic residues that cause serious environmental pollution when these agroresidues are burned. In this study, we illustrated the utilization of lignocellulolytic enzymes from the spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus pulmonarius for the hydrolysis of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The hydrolysate was used for the production of biohydrogen gas and enzyme assays were carried out to determine the productivities/activities of lignin peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in spent mushroom substrate. Further, the enzyme cocktails were concentrated for the hydrolysis of POME. Central composite design of response surface methodology was performed to examine the effects of enzyme loading, incubation time and pH on the reducing sugar yield. Productivities of the enzymes for xylanase, laccase, endoglucanase, lignin peroxidase and β-glucosidase were 2.3, 4.1, 14.6, 214.1, and 915.4 U g^-1, respectively. A maximum of 3.75 g/lof reducing sugar was obtained under optimized conditions of 15 h incubation time with 10% enzyme loading (v/v) at a pH of 4.8, which was consistent with the predicted reducing sugar concentration (3.76 g/l). The biohydrogen cumulative volume (302.78 ml H₂.L^-1 POME) and 83.52% biohydrogen gas were recorded using batch fermentation which indicated that the enzymes of spent mushroom substrate can be utilized for hydrolysis of POME.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2015

버섯 수확 후 배지의 수도용상토의 부재료로써 활용가능성을 확인한 결과 버섯 수확 후 배지는 유기물함량이 60.72%이었으며 질소-인산-칼륨이 1.39-0.89-0.81%의 화학적 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 버섯 수확 후 배지의 안정화과정에서는 온도는 20일 경과시점에서 pH의 상승과 온도하강이 이루어졌으며 발아지수도 77로 확인되어 버섯 수확 후 배지를 수도용 상토의 재료로 활용 시에는 20일 이상의 안정화과정이 필요할 것으로 조사되었다. 벼 종자의 발아특성에서는 일반적인 수도용상토 재료로 제조된 대조구와 비교시에 버섯 수확 후 배지가 10% 이내로 혼합된 실험구들이 발아율은 82%이상이었으며 평균 발아일수와 발아세에도 통계적 유의차가 없거나 대조구보다 양호한 수준으로 확인되었다. 초기생육에서도 버섯 수확 후 배지가 10% 이내로 혼합된 처리구의 지상부건물중과 묘소질이 대조구보다 높은 것으로 확인되어 버섯 수확 후 배지는 수도용상토의 재료로서 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되었다.