• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose the development of MHLA(Modulatory Hippocampus Learning Algorithm) which remodel a principle of brain of hippocampus. Hippocampus takes charge auto-associative memory and controlling functions of long-term or short-term memory strengthening. We organize auto-associative memory based 3 steps system(DG, CA3, CAl) and improve speed of learning by addition of modulator to long-term memory learning. In hippocampal system, according to the 3 steps order, information applies statistical deviation on Dentate Gyrus region and is labelled to responsive pattern by adjustment of a good impression. In CA3 region, pattern is reorganized by auto-associative memory. In CAI region, convergence of connection weight which is used long-term memory is learned fast by neural networks which is applied modulator. To measure performance of MHLA, PCA(Principal Component Analysis) is applied to face images which are classified by pose, expression and picture quality. Next, we calculate feature vectors and learn by MHLA. Finally, we confirm cognitive rate. The results of experiments, we can compare a proposed method of other methods, and we can confirm that the proposed method is superior to the existing method.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

An experimental study to investigate the condensing heat transfer characteristics of small diameter horizontal double pipe heat exchangers with R-22 and R-410A was performed. Experimental facility was constructed to calculate and observe HTC(heat transfer coefficients), flow patterns and pressure drop. The main components include a liquid pump, an evaporator, a condenser(test section), a sight-glass, pressure taps and measurement apparatus. Two pipes of different diameters are tested; One 5.35 mm ID 0.5 mm thick, the other 3.36 mm ID 0.7 mm thick. The mass flow rate ranged from 200 to $500\;ks/m^2{\cdot}s$ and heating capacity were form 1.0 to 2.4 kW. The flow patterns of R-22 and R-410A were observed with a high speed camera through the sight-glass. The tests revealed that HTC of R-410A was higher than that of R-22 by maximum 5%. Annular pattern was observed for the most cases but stratified flow was also detected when x<0.2. The pressure drop in 3.36 mm ID pipe was higher than that of 5.35 mm by $30{\sim}50%$. Comparing with previous correlations such as Shah, Fujii and Soliman's, Fujii' showed the best good agreement with my data with a maximum deviation of 40%.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.359-369
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed a charge pump (CP) circuit that has a wide operating range while reducing the current mismatch for the PLL that generates the main clock of the CMOS X-Ray detector. The operating range and current mismatch of the CP circuit are determined by the characteristics of the current source circuit for the CP circuit. The proposed CP circuit is implemented with a wide operating current mirror bias circuit to secure a wide operating range and a cascode structure with a large output resistance to reduce current mismatch. The proposed wide operating range cascode CP circuit was fabricated as a chip using a 350nm CMOS process, and current matching characteristics were measured using a source measurement unit. At this time, the power supply voltage was 3.3 V and the CP circuit current ICP = 100 ㎂. The operating range of the proposed CP circuit is △VO_Swing=2.7V, and the maximum current mismatch is 5.15 % and the maximum current deviation is 2.64 %. The proposed CP circuit has low current mismatch characteristics and can cope with a wide frequency range, so it can be applied to systems requiring various clock speed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to help improve game performance and provide preliminary data to enhance the efficiency of the kick and stability of the support foot by comparing the kinematic characteristics of the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi) in poomsaeKoryo between expert and non-expert groups. Method: The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to proficiency in Taekwondo, an expert group and a non-expert group (n = 7 in each group), to observe the repeated side-kick technique. Four video cameras were set at a speed of 60 frames/sec and exposure time of 1/500 sec to measure the kinematic factors of the 2 groups. The Kwon3D XPprogramas used to collect and analyze three-dimensional spatial coordinates. Ground reaction force data were obtained through a force plate with a 1.200-Hz frequency. An independent samplesttest was performed, and statistical significance was defined as .05. The SPSS 18.0 software was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the kinematic factors and to identify the difference between the experts and non-experts. Results: The angular displacement of the hip joint in both the expert and non-expert groups showed statistical significance on E1 and E4 of the left support foot and E5 of the right foot (p<.05). The angle displacement of the knee joint in both groups showed statistical significance on E4 of the left support foot, and E1 and E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the lower leg in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 and E6 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the foot in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The vertical ground reaction force in both groups showed statistical significance on E2 (p<.05). The center of pressure in all directions in both groups showed statistical significance (p<.5). Conclusion: While performing the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi), the experts maintainedconsistency and stability of the angle of the support leg while the kick foot moved high and fast. On the other hand, the angle of the support foot of non-experts appeared inconsistent, and the kick foot was raised, relying on the support leg, resulting in unstable and inaccurate movement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

In Korea, 28,641 cases of traffic accidents were caused by drunk driving in 2010. These statistics accounted for 12.62% of total number of traffic accidents. Moreover, the percentages of deaths and injuries from them were nearly 15% of those from whole traffic accidents. While police has emphasized enforcement efforts in order to reduce drunk driving, culture generous to drunk driving in addition to the absence of an appropriate intervention system for habitual drunk drivers have contributed to the increasing number of the drunk driving accidents in Korea. This study examined specific behavioral changes in drunk driving by comparing drivers' behavior pattern in non-alcoholic condition to those in alcoholic condition, using a psychomotor test and a driving simulator. In the psychomotor test measuring participants' reactions to the target stimulus, it was revealed that participants' correct responses were decreased, false responses were increased, and no responses also were increased after drinking. Furthermore, in the driving simulator performance after drinking, not only driving speed was faster but also the deviation of an accelerator pedal pressure and of the vehicle's lateral position were much increased. These results indicated that alcohol consumption would impair visio-cognitive ability and deteriorate driving safety. Finally, the implications and limitations of our findings and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to build a spatio-temporal evapotranspiration(ET) estimation model using Terra MODIS satellite image and by calibrating with the flux tower ET data from watershed. The fundamentals of spatial ET model, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land(SEBAL) was adopted and modified to estimate the daily ET of Yongdam Dam watershed in South Korea. The daily Normalized Distribution Vegetation Index(NDVI), Albedo, and Land Surface Temperature(LST) from MODIS and the ground measured wind speed and solar radiation data were prepared for 2 years(2012-2013). The SEBAL was calibrated with the forest ET measured by Deokyusan flux tower in the study watershed. Among the model parameters, the important parameters were surface albedo, NDVI and surface roughness in order for momentum transport during calculation of sensible heat flux. As a result of the final calibration, the monthly averaged albedo and NDVI were used because the daily values showed big deviation with unrealistic change. The determination coefficient($R^2$) between SEBAL and flux data was 0.45. The spatial ET reflected the geographical characteristics showing the ET of lowland areas was higher than the highland ET.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Tunnel construction by TBMs should be supported by the performance of a screw conveyor in order to obtain the optimum penetration rate, so studies related to the screw conveyor performance have been being conducted. Compared to the study on the performance of the screw conveyor for the soil, however, the research on the performance of the screw conveyor for the rock is insufficient. Considering the domestic tunnel sites with more rock layers than soil layers, simulation of discharge of 6 types of rock chips by the screw conveyor was conducted using DEM. Regardless of the shape and volume of the rock chips, the discharge rates of the rock chips by the parallel placed screw conveyor at a speed of 10 RPM in the same rock mass were about 20% (standard deviation: 1.3%) of the maximum volume of discharge rate by the screw conveyor. It is expected that this study can be used as a reference material for screw conveyor design and operation in TBM excavations in rock masses.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-115
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• 2019

The Royal Tombs at Songsanri is one of the most important historic site for ancient historical study in Korean Peninsula. Since the excavation of the tombs, continuous exposure to the outside environment and the negative effects of the artificial air conditioning system have caused significant threats to the thermal environment stability of the tombs. Unlike the outside temperature that shows significant differences according to seasonal changes, the burial chamber of the tombs had a relatively stable temperature range of 11.4 to $22.2^{\circ}C$ throughout the year, and the standard deviation of temperature was within 3.5. It was revealed that major factors affecting the microclimate of the tombs were inflow of outdoor air, wind direction and speed, and all of them had closely related to airtightness of the tombs. The solar radiation was in inverse proportion to the thickness of burial mounds, and thus Royal Tomb of King Muryeong, which has the thickest burial mound, was least affected by solar radiation. Especially, microclimate of the tombs caused to the highest influence with artificial environmental changes due to access by people, which varied in proportion to the number of accessed people and time of stay. Currently, the inside of the tombs are sealed and always in saturated condition, it is very vulnerable to dew condensation. As a result of analyzing the possibility of condensation in each tomb, all the tomb No. 5, tomb No. 6 and Royal Tomb of King Muryeong had condensation most of the time throughout the year. It is required to make a proper conservation environment for the Royal Tombs at Songsanri.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 2023

The government's strengthening of the standards for mentally ill patients and expanding the scope of examinations to the entire nation reflects the changing times. According to the OECD's announcement (2021), the incidence of depression and anxiety has more than doubled since the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in countries around the world, with Korea's prevalence ranking first. However, only 12.1% of those who have been diagnosed with mental disorders received counseling and treatment from experts. The difference between depression and simple depression is significant depending on whether it is medically treated or temporary, but it can be seen that the continuation of depression is depression. In order to reduce this depression, Kandinsky's work was visualized and created. In a study conducted by changing the playback speed of the produced Kandinsky image, beta and gamma values, which showed the largest deviation when compared to depressive patients and normal people, increased significantly when viewed at 90fps, which was most effective in relieving depression. Artistic creations are bound to be accepted differently depending on the individual's perspective, but it is hoped that research that can improve the phenomenon of individuals suffering from depression by integrating artificial intelligence and traditional mental health approaches will be further developed and widely used for treatment.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.217-222
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper was to synthesize a polymer organic hard mask that simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces process time significantly, and thereby lowers manufacturing costs. The results of measuring residual metals through vapor refining showed that 9-Naphthalen-1-ylcarbazole(9-NC) measured 101.75ppb in the 4th zone, 2-Naphthol (2-NA) measured 306.98ppb in the 5th zone, and 9-Fluorenone(9-F) measured between 129.05ppb across the 4th and 5th zones. After passing through a filtration system, the synthesized organic hard mask measured residual metals in the range of 9 to 7ppb. Additionally, the thermal analysis indicated a decrease of 2.78%, a molecular weight of 942, carbon content of 89.74%, and a yield of 72.4%. The etching rate was measured at an average of 18.22Å/s, and the coating thickness deviation was averaged at 1.19. For particle sizes below 0.2㎛ in the organic hard mask, no particles were observed. By varying the coating speed at 1,000, 1,500, and 1,800rpm and measuring the resulting coating thickness, the shrinkage rate ranged from 17.9% to 20.8%. The coating results demonstrated excellent adhesion to SiON, and it was evident that the organic hard mask was uniformly applied.