• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Recently, the use of speech-based interfaces is increasing as a means for human-computer interaction (HCI). Accordingly, interest in post-processors for correcting errors in speech recognition results is also increasing. However, a lot of human-labor is required for data construction. in order to manufacture a sequence to sequence (S2S) based speech recognition post-processor. To this end, to alleviate the limitations of the existing construction methodology, a new data construction method called Back TranScription (BTS) was proposed. BTS refers to a technology that combines TTS and STT technology to create a pseudo parallel corpus. This methodology eliminates the role of a phonetic transcriptor and can automatically generate vast amounts of training data, saving the cost. This paper verified through experiments that data should be constructed in consideration of text style and domain rather than constructing data without any criteria by extending the existing BTS research.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2008

Some spoken word errors that violate grammatical or writing rules occurs frequently in communication environments like mobile phone and messenger. These unexpected errors cause a problem in a language processing system for many applications like speech recognition, text-to-speech translation, and so on. In this paper, we proposed and implemented an automatic correction system of ill-formed words and word spacing errors in SMS sentences that has been the major errors of poor accuracy. We experimented three methods of constructing the word correction dictionary and evaluated the results of those methods. They are (1) manual construction of error words from the vocabulary list of ill-formed communication languages, (2) automatic construction of error dictionary from the manually constructed corpus, and (3) context-dependent method of automatic construction of error dictionary.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2011

Paraphrasing is the act of writing a text using other words without altering the meaning. Paraphrases can be used in many fields of natural language processing. In particular, paraphrases can be incorporated in machine translation in order to improve the coverage and the quality of translation. Recently, the approaches on paraphrase extraction utilize bilingual parallel corpora, which consist of aligned sentence pairs. In these approaches, paraphrases are identified, from the word alignment result, by pivot phrases which are the phrases in one language to which two or more phrases are connected in the other language. However, the word alignment is itself a very difficult task, so there can be many alignment errors. Moreover, the alignment errors can lead to the problem of selecting incorrect pivot phrases. In this study, we propose a method in paraphrase extraction that discriminates good pivot phrases from bad pivot phrases. Each pivot phrase is weighted according to its reliability, which is scored by considering the lexical and part-of-speech information. The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves higher precision and recall of the paraphrase extraction than the baseline. Also, we show that the extracted paraphrases can increase the coverage of the Korean-English machine translation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2020

Named entity recognition (NER) continues to be an important task in natural language processing because it is featured as a subtask and/or subproblem in information extraction and machine translation. In Urdu language processing, it is a very difficult task. This paper proposes various deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) learning models with word embedding. Experimental results demonstrate that they improve upon current state-of-the-art NER approaches for Urdu. The DRRN models evaluated include forward and bidirectional extensions of the long short-term memory and back propagation through time approaches. The proposed models consider both language-dependent features, such as part-of-speech tags, and language-independent features, such as the "context windows" of words. The effectiveness of the DRNN models with word embedding for NER in Urdu is demonstrated using three datasets. The results reveal that the proposed approach significantly outperforms previous conditional random field and artificial neural network approaches. The best f-measure values achieved on the three benchmark datasets using the proposed deep learning approaches are 81.1%, 79.94%, and 63.21%, respectively.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.15-19
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• 1998

기계 번역 시스템에서 품사 태거의 오류는 전체번역 정확률에 결정적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서 어휘 단계의 정보만으로는 중의성 해소가 불가능한 단어에 대해서는 중의성 해소에 충분한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 구문 분석이나 의미 분석 단계까지 완전한 중의성 해소를 유보하는 N-best 품사 태거가 요구된다. 또한 N-best 품사 태거는 단어에 할당되는 평균 품사 개수를 최소화함으로써 상위 단계의 부하를 줄이는 본연의 역할을 수행하여야 한다. 본 논문은 통계 기반 품사 태깅 방법을 이용하여 N-best 후보를 선정하고, 선정된 N-best 후보에 언어 규칙을 적용하여 중의성을 감소시키거나 오류를 보정하는 혼합형 N-best 품사 태깅 방법을 제안한다 제안된 N-best 품사 태거는 6만여 단어의 영어 코퍼스에서 실험한 결과, 단어 당 평균 1.09개의 품사를 할당할 때 0.43%의 오류율을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

In NLP (Natural Language Processing) tasks, the highest difficulty which computers had to face with, is the built-in ambiguity of Natural Languages. To disambiguate it, formerly, they based on human-devised rules. Building such a complete rule-set is time-consuming and labor-intensive task whilst it doesn't cover all the cases. Besides, when the scale of system increases, it is very difficult to control that rule-set. So, recently, many NLP tasks have changed from rule-based approaches into corpus-based approaches with large annotated corpora. Corpus-based NLP tasks for such popular languages as English, French, etc. have been well studied with satisfactory achievements. In contrast, corpus-based NLP tasks for Vietnamese are at a deadlock due to absence of annotated training data. Furthermore, hand-annotation of even reasonably well-determined features such as part-of-speech (POS) tags has proved to be labor intensive and costly. In this paper, we present our building an annotated English-Vietnamese parallel aligned corpus named EVC to train for Vietnamese-related NLP tasks such as Word Segmentation, POS-tagger, Word Order transfer, Word Sense Disambiguation, English-to-Vietnamese Machine Translation, etc.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.57-60
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 현재 ETRI에서 개발 중인 유/무선 전화망을 통한 다국어간 대화체 음성번역서비스 시스템에 대해서 소개한다. 전화망을 통한 자동음성번역서비스 시스템은 여행대화영역을 서비스 대상영역으로 하고 있고 자동음성번역서비스를 필요로 하는 사용자들은 동일한 장소에서 대면하고 있으며 서로 다른 언어를 사용하기 때문에 서로 의사 소통에 어려움을 겪고 있다고 가정한다. 따라서 여기서 말하는 자동음성번역 시스템의 특징은 인간과 기계간의 인터페이스를 그 대상으로 하는 것이 아니라 인간과 인간사이의 인터페이스를 그 대상으로 하고 있다는 정이다. 인간과 인간사이의 인터페이스 상황에서는 인간의 이해력이 시스템 오류를 정정할 수 있는 여지를 지니고 있다. 따라서 시스템이 사용자의 말하는 의도 혹은 개념만 잘 전달할 수 있다면 서로 다른 언어를 사용하는 사용자들 사이에서도 이러한 시스템을 통한 의사소통이 가능하다. 자동음성번역서비스 시스템은 크게 음성인식모듈 문장해석 및 번역 모듈, 음성합성모듈, 시스템통합 모듈 그리고 전화망 인터페이스 모듈로 나뉜다. 여기서는 자동음성번역 서비스 시스템의 각 모듈들의 주요 특징과 상호 인터페이스 방법에 대해서 소개한다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.688-702
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose sign language morpheme generation rule corresponding to morpheme analysis for each part of speech. Korean natural sign language has extremely limited vocabulary, and the number of grammatical components eing currently used are limited, too. In this paper, therefore, we define natural sign language grammar corresponding to Korean language grammar in order to translate natural Korean language sentences to the corresponding sign language. Each phrase should define sign language morpheme generation grammar which is different from Korean language analysis grammar. Then, this grammar is applied to morpheme analysis/combination rule and sentence structure analysis rule. It will make us generate most natural sign language by definition of this grammar.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.1041-1044
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• 2019

자동통번역의 성능을 평가하는데 가장 잘 알려진 자동평가 기술은 BLEU이다. 그러나 BLEU로는 자동통번역 결과의 어느 부분이 강점이고 약점인지를 파악할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 자동통번역 시스템의 언어 현상별 자동평가 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 언어 현상별 자동평가 방법은 BLEU가 제시하지 못하는 언어 현상별 자동평가가 가능하며 개발자로 하여금 해당 자동통번역 시스템의 언어 현상별 강점과 약점을 직관적으로 파악할 수 있도록 한다. 언어 현상별 정확도 측정은 Google 과 Naver Papago 를 대상으로 실시하였다. 정확률이 40%이하를 약점이라고 간주할 때, Google 영한 자동번역기의 약점은 스타일(32.50%)번역이었으며, Google 영한 자동통역기의 약점은 음성(30.00%)인식, 담화(30.00%)처리였다. Google 한영 자동번역기 약점은 구문(34.00%)분석, 모호성(27.50%)해소, 스타일(20.00%)번역이었으며, Google 한영 자동통역기 약점은 담화(30.00%)처리였다. Papago 영한 자동번역기는 대부분 정확률이 55% 이상이었으며 Papago 영한 자동통역기의 약점은 담화(30.00%)처리였다. 또한 Papago 한영 자동번역기의 약점은 구문(38.00%)분석, 모호성(32.50%)해소, 스타일(20.00%)번역이었으며, Google 한영 자동통역기 약점은 담화(20.00%)처리였다. 언어 현상별 자동평가의 궁극적인 목표는 자동통번역기의 다양한 약점을 찾아내어 약점과 관련된 targeted corpus 를 반자동 수집 및 구축하고 재학습을 하여 자동통번역기의 성능을 점증적으로 향상시키는 것이다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

The article studies the discourse and a legal uncertainty of the popular and generally understandable concept of cybercrime. The authors reveal the doctrinal approaches to the definition of cybercrime, cyberspace, computer crime. The analysis of international legal acts and legislation of Ukraine in fighting cybercrime is carried out. The conclusion is made about the need to improve national legislation and establish international cooperation to develop the tools for countering cybercrime and minimizing its negative outcomes. The phenomenon of nicknames is studied as a semantic source, which potentially generates a number of threats and troubles - the crisis of traditional anthroponymic culture, identity crisis, hidden sociality, and indefinite institutionalization, incognito style, a range of manifestations of loneliness - from voluntary solitude to traumatic isolation and forced detachment. The core idea is that it is the phenomenon of incognito and hidden name (nickname and other alternatives) that is the motivational stimulus for the fact of information trouble or crime.