• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2012

The exponential growth in wireless services has resulted in an overly crowded spectrum. The current state of spectrum allocation indicates that most usable frequencies have already been occupied. This makes one pessimistic about the feasibility of integrating emerging wireless services such as large-scale sensor networks into the existing communication infrastructure. Cognitive radio is an emerging dynamic spectrum access technology that can be used for flexibly and efficiently achieving open spectrum sharing. Cognitive radio is an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its radio environment and that is capable of adapting its operation to statistical variations of the radio frequency. In ad hoc cognitive radio networks, a common control channel (CCC) is usually used for supporting transmission coordination and spectrum-related information exchange. Determining a CCC in distributed networks is a challenging research issue because the spectrum availability at each ad hoc node is quite different and dynamic due to the interference between and coexistence of primary users. In this paper, we propose a novel CCC selection protocol that is implemented in a distributed way according to the appearance patterns of primary systems and connectivity among nodes. The proposed protocol minimizes the possibility of CCC disruption by primary user activities and maximizes node connectivity when the control channel is set up. It also facilitates adaptive recovery of the control channel when the primary user is detected on that channel.

• 전기의세계
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 1982

This paper considers a finite spectrum assignment Problem for a functional retarded linear differential system with delays in control only. In this problem, by generalizing from an abstract linear system characterized by Semigroups on a Hilbert space to a finite dimensional linear system, we unify the relationship between a control-delayed system and its non-delayed system, and then by using the spectrum of the generator-decomposition of Semigroup, we try to get a feedback law which yields a finite spectrum of the closed-loop system, located at an arbitrarily preassigned sets of n points in the complex plane. The comparative examinations between the standard spectrum assignment method and the method of spectral projection for the feedback law which consists of proportional and finite interval terms over present and past values of control variables are also considered. The analysis is carry down to the elementary spectral projection level because, in spite of all the research efforts, so far there has been no significant attempt to obtain the feedback implementation directly from the abstract representation forms in the case of multivariables.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2010

Opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) allows unlicensed users to share licensed spectrum in space and time with no or little interference to primary users, with bring new research challenges in MAC design. We propose a cognitive MAC protocol using statistical channel information and selecting appropriate idle channel for transmission. The protocol based on the CSMA/CA, exploits statistics of spectrum usage for decision making on channel access. Idle channel availability, spectrum hole sufficiency and available channel condition will be included in algorithm statistical information. The model include the control channel and data channel, the transmitter negotiates with receiver on transmission parameters through control channel, statistical decision results (successful rate of transmission) from exchanged transmission parameters of control channel should pass the threshold and decide the data transmission with spectrum hole on data channel. The proposed protocol's simulation will show that proposed protocol does improve the throughput performance via traditional opportunistic spectrum access MAC protocol.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

In spectrum sensing, there is a tradeoff between the probability of missed detection and the probability of a false alarm according to the value of the sensing threshold. Therefore, it is important to determine the sensing threshold suitable to the environment of cognitive radio networks. In this study, we consider a cognitive radio-based ad hoc network where secondary users directly communicate by using the same frequency band as the primary system and control their transmit power on the basis of the distance between them. First, we investigate a condition in which the primary and the secondary users can share the same frequency band without harmful interference from each other, and then, propose an algorithm that controls the sensing threshold dynamically on the basis of the transmit power of the secondary user. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed sensing threshold control algorithm has low probabilities of both missed detection and a false alarm and thus, enables optimized spectrum sharing between the primary and the secondary systems.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 I
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• pp.498-498
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• 2001

Seismic qualification of the Main Control Boards for nuclear power plants has been performed with the guideline of AS ME Section III. US NRC Reg. Guide and IEEE 344 code. The analysis model of the Main Control Boards is consist of beam. shell and mass element by using the finite element method. and, at the same time. the excitation forces and other operating loads for each model are encompassed with respect to different loading conditions. As the fundamental frequencies of the structure are found to be less than 33Hz. which is the upper frequency limit of the seismic load, the response spectrum analysis using ANSYS is performed in order to combine the modal stresses within the frequency limit. In order to confirm the structural and functional integrity of the major components, modal analysis theory is adopted to derive the required response spectrum at the component locations. As all the combined stresses obtained from the above procedures are less than allowable stresses and no mechanical or electrical failures are found from the seismic testing, it concludes the Main Control Boards is dynamically qualified for seismic conditions. Although the authors had confirmed the structural and functional integrity of both Main Control Boards and all the component, in this paper only the seismic analysis of the Main Control Board is introduced.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2016

인지라디오망에서 제한된 스펙트럼 자원을 효율적으로 이용하는 방법으로 PU (primary user)가 사용하지 않는 스펙트럼 홀의 크기를 예측하여 SU (secondary user)가 이용하는 방법이 있다. 본 논문은 SU의 서비스품질을 만족시키기 위하여, SU스펙트럼 홉핑호의 손실확률 (SHDP; spectrum hopping call dropped probability)을 최소화는 적응 호수락제어 기법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 호수락제어, 대역폭예측, 적응대역폭할당으로 구성된다. 예측기법은 스펙트럼홀의 크기뿐만 아니라, SU스펙트럼 홉핑호가 요구하는 대역폭크기를 함께 예측하며, 예약할 수 있는 자원의 크기가 부족할 때는 적응대역폭할당을 이용하여 SU스펙트럼 홉핑호의 손실확률을 최소화시킨다. 예측기법은 위너예측기법을 이용한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 방법의 성능을 기존방법과 비교하고, SHDP를 최소화 할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.321-323
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• 2012

Cognitive radio has been recently proposed to dynamically access unused-spectrum. Since the spectrum availability for opportunistic access is determined by spectrum sensing, sensing is identified as one of the most crucial issues of cognitive radio networks. The PHY-layer sensing, as a part of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, concerns the sensing mechanism to determine channel to be sensed and to access. One of the important issues in the PHY-layer sensing control is to find an available sensing period and trade-off between spectrum sensing and data transmission. In this paper, we show the relationship between spectrum sensing and data transmission according to the sensing period. We analyze and propose the new scheme to evaluate optimal sensing period.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2013

Cognitive Radio는 유휴 스펙트럼을 찾아 환경에 맞는 통신방식과 주파수 대역폭을 능동적으로 판단해 재활용하는 지능적인 간섭회피로 방식으로 스펙트럼을 공유하여 전파자원효율을 극대화 하는 기술이다. 이때 PU에 간섭을 일으키지 않기 위한 스펙트럼 센싱 기술이 중요하다. 하지만 상황에 따라 스펙트럼 센싱 알고리즘을 선택할수 있다면 좀더 효율적 센싱을 할수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 퍼지컨트롤러를 통해 에너지검출, 자기상관검출,M atched filter 검출 등을 개별 센싱에 반영하는 시스템 모델을 제안하고 분석한다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1997년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.211-215
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• 1997

Localized communication networks for office automation, security monitoring, environmental management of buildings, computer communications, and other applications enjoy every increasing demand. This paper proposes a direct sequence spread spectrum communication system for use in power line data transmission. Advantages of power distribution circuits include reasonably universal coverage and easy access vis a standard wall plug. Disadvantages include limited communication bandwidth, relatively high noise levels, and varying levels of impedance, noise, and attenuation. Spread spectrum signalling provides immunity to narrow-band signal impairments and multiplexing capability. Our prototype power line communication module supports completely physical and data link layers based on the international standard ISO 10368 for reliable high-speed power line communication system. Moreover it provides useful functions to compose a plant monitoring and control system. All the circuits of the communication module are included in one compact circuit. Thus a functional communication system for the power line plant monitoring and control is implemented.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigate a power control problem which is very critical in underlay-based spectrum sharing systems. Although an underlay-based spectrum sharing system is more efficient compared to an overlay-based spectrum sharing system in terms of spectral utilization, some practical problems obstruct its commercialization. One of them is a real-time-based power adaptation of secondary transmitters. In the underlay-based spectrum sharing system, it is essential to adapt secondary user's transmit power to interference channel states to secure primary users' communication. Thus, we propose a practical power control scheme for secondary transmitters. The feedback overhead of our proposed scheme is insignificant because it requires one-bit signaling, while the optimal power control scheme requires the perfect information of channel states. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust to feedback delay. We compare the performance of the optimal and proposed schemes in terms of primary user's outage probability and secondary user's throughput. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme is almost optimal in terms of both primary user's outage probability and secondary user's throughput when the secondary user's transmit power is low. As the secondary user's transmit power increases, the primary user's outage probability of the proposed scheme is degraded compared with the optimal scheme while the secondary user's throughput still approaches that of the optimal scheme. If the feedback delay is considered, however, the proposed scheme approaches the optimal scheme in terms of both the primary user's outage probability and secondary user's throughput regardless of the secondary user's transmit power.