• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

Collapsed perflurostearic acid (PFS) films were prepared on the different pH and the various metal ion ($Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $La^{3+}$) containing subphase using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) trough. The degree of ionization of collapsed PFS film formed from floating monolayer has been determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The intensity of C = O of -COOH peaks of collapsed PFS decreased with increasing pH of subphase. The order of ionization of collapsed PFS on the subphase of the same pH was $La^{3+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Na^+$. The degree of ionization of collapsed PFS on the Deionized (D.I.) water subphase is above 50% even at subpahse pH 3, which is much higher degree of ionization than that of stearic acid.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: Semecarpus anacardium Linn. is a plant well-known for its antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anti-arthritic properties in the Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicine. This has prompted the screening of this plant for antibacterial activity. The main aims of this study were to isolate compounds from the plant's seeds and to evaluate their antibacterial effects on clinical bacterial test strains. Methods: The n-butanolic concentrate of the seed extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) and repeated silica gel column chromatography followed by elution with various solvents. The compound was identified based on observed spectral (IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry) data. The well diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the isolated acyclic isoprenoid compound (final concentration: $5-15{\mu}g/mL$) on four test bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1689) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MTCC 9829). Results: Extensive spectroscopic studies showed the structure of the isolated compound to be an acyclic isoprenoid ($C_{21}H_{32}O$). Moreover, the isoprenoid showed a remarkable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of $15{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the two other doses tested (5 and $10{\mu}g/mL$) and to tetracycline, a commercially available antibiotic that was used as a reference drug. Conclusion: The isolation of an antimicrobial compound from Semecarpus anacardium seeds validates the use of this plant in the treatment of infections. The isolated compound found to be active in this study could be useful for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2008

A mixture of sixteen cerebrosides, which comprised four cerebroside molecular species (PL-1 ${\sim}$ PL-4) was separated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. The structures of cerebrosides were characterized as $1-O-{\beta}$-D-glucopyranosides of phytosphingosines, which comprised a common long-chain base, (2S,3S,4R,8E/Z)-2-amino-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol with eight fatty acids or 2-hydroxy fatty acids of varying chain lengths ($C_{16}$, $C_{18}$, $C_{20-26}$) linked to the amino group. Aralia cerebroside and its 8Z isomer (PL-1), $1-O-{\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S, 4R,8E/Z)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (PL-2), $1-O-{\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R, 8E/Z)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxydocosanoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (PL-3), and $1-O-{\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R, 8E/Z)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytricosanoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (PL-4) were identified as major components of these cerebroside molecular species. All the major cerebrosides were shown to be a mixture of geometrical isomers (8E and 8Z) of phytosphingosine-type glucocerebrosides possessing 2R-hydroxy fatty acids. In addition, three ${\beta}-sitosterol$ derivatives and adenosine were also separated. The structures of these isolates have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 1984

The Buncheon manganese ore deposits occur in vein along the fault of $N20^{\circ}E$, cutting the foliation of Yulri Series. The deposits consist of primary manganese silicate ores in the deeper part and superficial manganese oxide ores near the surface. The spatial distribution of manganese oxide ores with respect to the manganese silicate ores suggests that the manganese oxide ores are the supergene oxidation product of the manganese silicate ores. Manganese silicate ores consist mainly of fine-to coarse-grained pyroxmangite with minor rhodochrosite, quartz, sulfides and chlorite. Manganese oxide ores are composed of supergene manganese oxides such as nsutite, birnessite, manganite and todorokite, and other associated minerals. Paragenetic sequence of formation of the manganese minerals are as follows: $\array{{rhodochrosite{_{\rightarrow}^o}todorokite{_{\searro}^o}}\\pyroxmangite{_{\line(10){90}}^o}{\nearro}}birnessite{_{\rightarrow}^o}nsutite{_{\rightarrow}^s}manganite$ In order to elucidate the mineralogy of the manganese minerals, microscopic, X-ray, IR spectroscopic, and thermal studies were made for manganese and associated minerals.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.592-597
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• 1997

During the screening of inhibitors against phospholipase C (PLC) and the formation of inositol phosphates (IP$_{t}$) at NIH3T3${\gamma}$1 cells from microbial secondary metabolites, we selected a fungal strain MT60109 which was capable of producing an inhibitor. By the taxonomic studies, this fungus was identified as Pseudallescheria sp. MT60109 and an inhibitor of PLC was purified by BuOH extraction and chromatographic techniques from the culture broth of Pseudallescheria sp. MT60109. The inhibitor was identified as thielavin B by the physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis of UV, FAB-MS, $^{1}$H, $^{13}$C-NMR, $^{1}$H-$^{1}$H COSY and HMBC. Thielavin B showed potent inhibitory activity against PLC purified from bovine brain with an IC$_{50}$ of 20 $\mu$M. And it also inhibited the formation of inositol phosphates in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) -stimulated NIH3T3${\gamma}$1 cells with an IC$_{50}$ of 20 $\mu$M.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2013

Phytochemical studies on the leaves of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) have not been reported previously. Thus, the authors isolated and identified secondary metabolites from A. altissima. Dried and powdered leaves were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Four flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. Spectroscopic data including NMR, MS, and IR allowed for identification of the chemical structures as quercetin (1), afzelin (2), quercitrin (3), and isoquercitrin (4). This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from A. altissima. The four isolated flavonoids 1-4 as well as solvent fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water), were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2016

Purpose: Phosphorus is an essential element for water quality control. Excessive amounts of phosphorus causes algal bloom in water, which leads to eutrophication and a decline in water quality. It is necessary to maintain the optimum amount of phosphorus present. During the last decades, various studies have been conducted to determine phosphorus content in water. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, microfluidic, and remote sensing technologies for the measurement of phosphorus in water, along with their working principles and limitations. Results: The colorimetric techniques determine the concentration of phosphorus through the use of color-generating reagents. This is specific to a single chemical species and inexpensive to use. The electrochemical techniques operate by using a reaction of the analyte of interest to generate an electrical signal that is proportional to the sample analyte concentration. They show a good linear output, good repeatability, and a high detection capacity. The fluorescence technique is a kind of spectroscopic analysis method. The particles in the sample are excited by irradiation at a specific wavelength, emitting radiation of a different wavelength. It is possible to use this for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the target analyte. The microfluidic techniques incorporate several features to control chemical reactions in a micro device of low sample volume and reagent consumption. They are cheap and rapid methods for the detection of phosphorus in water. The remote sensing technique analyzes the sample for the target analyte using an optical technique, but without direct contact. It can cover a wider area than the other techniques mentioned in this review. Conclusion: It is concluded that the sensing technologies reviewed in this study are promising for rapid detection of phosphorus in water. The measurement range and sensitivity of the sensors have been greatly improved recently.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.21-21
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• 1992

The X-ray binary pulsar Her X-1 was observed with Ginga on 1988 August 28 during the orbital phase of 0.76 to 0.85 at the main-on phase of the 35 day cycle. During the observations the X-ray intensity varied by a factor of five or more on a time scale as short as 30 sec, due mostly to the soft X-ray absorption in the pre-eclipse phase. From the studies of pulse profiles and energy spectra, we revealed that there exists in the dipphase an unpulsed component which is "3% of the intensity at the non-absorbed high-level. We suggest that scattering of the source continuum by the optically thin hot corona is responsible for the unpoised component. In the spectral analysis, we find that the high-state non-absorbed spectra can be fitted by a power-law without absorption, and the spectra observed in the different abgorption states by two components of a power-law with the same photon index. An iron-K emission line is required in to the cases of fitting. The estimated equivalent width of the iron line varies from 0.18 to 0.51 key according to the change in the absorption column density along the line of sight. We suggest that the fluorescent iron line arises in a cool and relatively small region, like the Alfvensur face, and may be partially intercepted by the optically thick gas cloud passing across the line of sight.1 Korea Astronomy Observatorya The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Japan3 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2017

Actinobacteria are prolific producers of a large number of natural products with diverse biological activities. In the present study, an actinobacterium isolated from sunflower rhizosphere soil sample collected from Medak, Andhra Pradesh, South India was identified as Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103. A pigmented secondary metabolite in culture broth was extracted by using methanol and it was further purified by silica gel column chromatography with methanol-chloroform solvent system. Structural elucidation studies based on UV-visible, 1D and 2D-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopic analyses confirmed the structure as 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone. It showed significant in vitro anticancer activity against lung cancer and lymphoblastic leukemia cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 10.3 and $16.98{\mu}M$, respectively. In addition, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone showed good free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method with an $EC_{50}$ of $18.2{\mu}g/ml$. It also showed other promising superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities. This is a first report of anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities of 1-methoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone isolated from A. thermoflava strain SFMA-103 which may find potential application in biotechnological and pharmaceutical fields.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.348-348
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• 2006

In the present study, porcine pepsin in various pH conditions was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in order to detailed information on the structure and its variations with pH conditions. These analyses identified the structure of pepsin, and compared with that obtained by single crystallography. Moreover, this study found the structure' variations with changing pH conditions. All the results will be discussed with considering the conformational characteristics of pepsin in solution and further correlate to the biological and spectroscopic characteristics reported previously.