• BMB Reports
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2005

The role of 3' exonuclease excision in DNA polymerization was evaluated for primer extension using inert allele specific primers with exonuclease-digestible ddNMP at their 3' termini. Efficient primer extension was observed in amplicons where the inert allele specific primers and their corresponding templates were mismatched. However, no primer-extended products were yielded by matched amplicons with inert primers. As a control, polymerase without proofreading activity failed to yield primer extended products from inert primers regardless of whether the primers and templates were matched or mismatched. These data indicated that activation was undertaken for the inert allele specific primers through mismatch proofreading. Complementary to our previously developed SNP-operated on/off switch, in which DNA polymerization only occurs in matched amplicon, this new mutation detection assay mediated by $exo^+$ DNA polymerases has immediate applications in SNP analysis independently or in combination of the two assays.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.581-588
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• 1998

Eight monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) against bovine coronavirus(BCV) were produced and characterized. Three MAbs(1G9, 4H12, 5C1) specific to the S glycoprotein and two HE glycoprotein-specific MAbs(2A5, 5G4) were found to neutralize the BCV in fluorescence focus neutralization(FFN) test. Two HE-specific MAbs from the neutralizing MAbs inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of the BCV. None of the N protein-specific MAbs(1C1, 5A12, 6H1) neutralized the virus infectivity. Bovine coronavirus and mouse hepatitis virus, which belong to group II coronaviruses, were differentiated from other groups of coronaviruses(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, canine coronavirus) by all MAbs in fluorescence antibody test(FA), but not in FFN test.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.760-769
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to assess the level of physical activity among Chinese immigrant women and to determine the relationships of physical activity with individual characteristics and behavior-specific cognition. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 161 Chinese immigrant women living in Busan. A health promotion model of physical activity adapted from Pender's Health Promotion Model was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data during the period from September 25 to November 20, 2012. Using SPSS 18.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were done. Results: The average level of physical activity of the Chinese immigrant women was $1,050.06{\pm}686.47$ MET-min/week and the minimum activity among types of physical activity was most dominant (59.6%). As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and acculturation were statistically significant variables in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 23.7%. Conclusion: The results indicate that the development and application of intervention strategies to increase acculturation and self-efficacy for immigrant women will aid in increasing the physical activity in Chinese immigrant women.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2009

Objectives: There have been no specific as well as evidence-based physical activity guidelines issued on the governmental level. There just have been physical activity recommendations and guidelines released from governmental agencies or organizations as well as individual researchers and these are not consistent, thereby giving the public and even some professionals quite a confusion. As such, this study was aimed to suggest key factors to include when issuing national physical activity recommendations for Koreans. Methods: Since chronological evolution of modern physical activity recommendations reflects key factors to consider when establishing those recommendations and guidelines, that released for several decades was reviewed. Results: The evolution was found to be based on the basis of strong evidence from both epidemiological and exercise physiology studies and the key concepts of such evolution were feasibility, efficacy, and safety. Conclusion: On the basis of three key factors found in the review process, this study concluded that the upcoming national physical activity guidelines should include the following to maximize the outcomes of the efforts which have long been put by the division of physical activity under the 'New Health Plan 2010'. First, guidelines for achieving health benefits (ie, preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancers or weight management) as well as improving cardiorespiratory fitness should be included to enhance efficacy. Second, safety measures should be included to enhance safety. Third, various alternative forms of physical activity should be included to enhance feasibility.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1981

감자 생전분의 분해력이 강한 $\alpha$-amylase를 생산하는 Bacillus circulans F-2를 선발하고, 이 균주가 생산하는 $\alpha$-amylase를 정제하였으며, 정제효소의 polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis 및 soluble starch에 eo한 분해산물을 검사하고 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 조효소액을 corn starch흡착, 유안분획, Bio-Gel P-100에 의한 gel filtration 및 DE-32 column chromatography에 의하여 specific activity 50.0 u/mg protein(원 비활성의 약 23배), 수율 25. 5%의 정제효소를 얻었다. 2. 정제효소에 대하여 polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis를 실시한 결과 $\alpha$-amylase activity를 가지는 아주 인접된 2ro의 Band가 나타났으나, SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis의 결과, polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis에서 나타난 2개의 Band는 charge가 약간 다른 charge isomer의 $\alpha$-amylase임을 시준하는 single band가 나타났다. 3. Polyacrylamide의 농도에 따른 2개 Band의 log mobility의 plot는 charge isomer를 가리키는 평행선을 나타내었다. 4. 두 효소단백질 Band의 작용 pattern을 알기 위하여 2개의 Band를 각각 분리하여 추출하고 soluble starch에 작용시켜 생성된 oligosaccharide의 pattern을 paper chromatography로 확인한 바 2개의 효소단백질 Band는 동일한 작용 pattern을 나타내었다. 5. Soluble starch로부터 생성되는 유일한 초기 가수분해산물은 maltohexaose이었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.558-563
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• 1992

녹색황세균인 Chlorobium limicola f.thiosulfaphilum NCIB 8327 의 성장은 암모늄, glutamine, glutamate 와 질소가스를 각각의 질소원으로 사용하여 배양한 것 중에서 질소가스를 제외하고는 거의 일정하였고, 황화수소만 있을 경우보다 티오황산을 첨가하였을 때 좀 더 잘자랐고, 아세트산을 더 첨가하였을 때 매우 잘 자랐다. 4가지 서로 다른 질소원으로 키운 세포들 중에서 glutamine synthetase 의 specific activity 는 glutamate 를 질소원으로 키운 세포의 파쇠액에서 최고 높았지만, glutamate synthase 의 경우는 거의 일정하였다. Glutamate 에서 키운 세포의 파쇠액 중에서 반응액의 암모늄의 농도가 높아진 경우, Glutamine synthetase 의 활성은 낮아지고, glutamate synthase 의 활성은 일정하며, glutamate dehydrogenase 의 활성은 높아졌다. 암모늄의 농도를 달리하여 키운 세포의 파쇄액들 중에서 반응액의 암모늄이온의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 높은 농도의 암모늄이온에서 키운 세포의 파쇄액에서의 glutamine synthetase 의 활성이 비교적 덜 불활성화 되엇다. Glutamine synthetase 는 methionine sulfoximine 의 농도라 높아짐에 다라 더 빨리 불활성화되었다. Glutamine synthetase 는 methionine sulfoximine 의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 더 빨리 불활성화되었다. Glutamine synthetase 는 빛에 있을 경우 활성이 증가하였고, 어두운 곳에서는 활성이 점차 낮아졌다. 온정한 세포에서의 수소발생은 빛에 의존하였고, 첨가된 암모늄 이온에 의해 저해되지만, netguibube sulfoximine 에 의해 곧바로 회복되었다. 수소발생이 빛에 의존하고, 암모늄이온에 의해 쉽게 저해되었다. Methionine sulfoximine 에 의해 빠르게 회복되는 것으로 보아, 본 균주는 nitrogenase 에 의해 수소밸생이 일어나며 glutamine synthetase 의 간접적인 조절을 받는 것으로 추정된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

젖산탈수소효소(Lactate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.27, LDH)의 기능을 확인하기 위해서 Ldh testis-specific C가 발현된 생쥐(Mus musculus)를 48 hr과 96 hr 기아상태로 유지시킨 후 조직들의 LDH 대사를 LDH 활성, 역학 및 동위효소를 분석하여 연구하였다. 골격근, 간 및 눈조직에서 LDH와 LDH $A_4$활성이 증가되어 혐기적 대사가 우세하였고, 심장과 신장조직의 LDH 활성은 감소되지만 LDH $B_4$ 활성이 증가되어 피루브산을 생성하는 호기적 대사가 우세하였다. 하지만 정소조직에서는 LDH $C_4$가 감소되었고, 뇌조직의 LDH 활성은 조직 중에서 가장 많이 증가되었지만 동위효소의 변화가 작고 피루브산의 양이 감소되었다. 신장조직을 제외한 조직들에서 $K{_m}^{PYR}$이 증가되어 피루브산에 대한 친화력이 감소된 것으로 확인되었다. 실험결과 Ldh-A, B가 발현된 조직에서는 상대 농도가 큰 동위효소의 활성이 증가되었으나 Ldh-A, B, C가 발현된 정소조직은 LDH $C_4$가 감소되어 기능이 저하되었으며 특히 뇌조직에서 LDH는 피루브산 환원효소로서 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이 과정은 기아상태에서 에너지를 생성하는 기작이 될 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2011

A study was undertaken to examine the antioxidative activity and the quality attributes of broccoli stem powder pound cakes. Broccoli stem powder was added to the batter at a ratio of 5, 10 and 15% respectively. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the total phenolic compounds content and flavonoid content in Broccoli stem powder and pounds cakes. Antioxidative activity was highly correlated with the total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of broccoli stem pound cakes respectively($r$=0.937, $r$=0.981). The effect of cake improver on quality characteristics of cake broccoli stem powder and pound cakes were estimated in terms of the specific load volume, hardness, hunter value of crumb and crust and sensory quality of cakes. The specific volume were increased significantly with increasing substitution level of cake improver and broccoli stem powder($p$ <0.01). The lightness were significantly decreased with increases in broccoli stem powder of pound cake crust and crumb($p$ <0.01, $p$ <0.01). The hardness, chewiness and gumminess and cohesiveness were tended to reduce in both of powder. The consumer acceptability score for 5~10% broccoli stem pound cakes ranked significantly($p$ <0.01) higher than those of the other groups in taste, flavor and overall preference. This results showed that cake improver & broccoli stem powder are a good ingredient to increase consumer acceptability and the healthy.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

Cell death of trophoblast, particularly by abnormal release of physiological nitric oxide (NO) has been known to be a causative factor of pre-eclampsia. In the present study, effects of intracellular calcium increase enhancing the activity of NO synthases (neuronal NO synthase, nNOS in this trophoblast cells) on the cell death were examined in a human placental full-term cell line (HT-1). Furthermore, we analyzed the possible mechanisms underlying the augmentation of $Ca^{++}$-mediated NOS activity mediated by protein kinases like PKC, PKA, or CaM-KII. In experiments for cell toxicity, a calcium ionophore (ionomycin $10{\mu}M$) enhanced cell death confirmed by MTT assay, and increased significantly nNOS activity determined with a hemoglobin oxidation assay. This cell death was partially protected by pre-treatment of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, $10{\mu}M$ and $100{\mu}M$), a nNOS-specific inhibitor. Additionally, $Ca^{++}$-ionophore -induced increase of nNOS activity also was partially normalized by pre-treatment of specific inhibitors of protein kinases, PKC, PKA or CaM-KII. Therefore, we suggest that an increase of calcium influx, leading to the activation of nNOS activity, which in turn may result in the death of trophoblast cells by involvement of signaling mechanisms of protein kinases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.321-330
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• 2006

The pathogenic mechanism of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and amebic keratitis (AK) by Acanthamoeba has yet to be clarified. Pretense has been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GAE and AK. In the present study, we have compared specific activity and cytopathic effects (CPE) of purified 33 kDa serine proteinases from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence (A. healyi OC-3A, A. lugdunensis KA/E2, and A. castelianii Neff). Trophozoites of the 3 strains revealed different degrees of CPE on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. The effect was remarkably reduced by adding phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), a serine proteinase inhibitor. This result indicated that PMSF-susceptible proteinase is the main component causing cytopathy to HCE cells by Acanthamoeba. The purified 33 kDa serine proteinase showed strong activity toward HCE cells and extracellular matrix proteins. The purified proteinase from OC-3A, the most virulent strain, demonstrated the highest enzyme activity compared to KA/E2, an ocular isolate, and Neff, a soil isolate. Polyclonal antibodies against the purified 33 kDa serine proteinase inhibit almost completely the proteolytic activity of culture supernatant of Acanthamoeba. In line with these results, the 33 kDa serine proteinase is suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis and to be the main component of virulence factor of Acanthamoeba.