• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2009

Characteristics of humic substances on the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics by biodegradation was investigated using three types of the artificial water samples composed of glucose and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). Some selected DOM characteristics including the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), the synchronous fluorescence spectra and the molecular weight (MW) were compared for the artificial water samples before and after 28-day microbial incubation. The changes of the DOM characteristics were minimal for SRFA during the incubation whereas they were significant for glucose. SUVA, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-normalized fluorescence intensity, and MW values of glucose increased, suggesting that such labile organic compounds could be exclusively transformed into more humidified materials by biodegradation. For glucose-SRFA mixture, the selected DOM characteristics were greater than those estimated using the assumption that the individual changes of either glucose or SRFA are conservative for the mixture of the two materials. Our results suggest that the presence of humic substances (HS) may lead to the enhancement of the formation of refractory organic materials during biodegradation of labile compounds. Detailed analyses of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed that the enhancement occurred for the DOM mixture with a MW range between 500 Da to 4000 Da.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.458-468
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in an agricultural reservoir during the monsoon period (June to October, 2020) with respect to the organic carbon concentration (DOC), molecular weight distribution, and optical properties. The monsoon period was divided into three phases - beginning storm (BS), during storm (DS), and after storm (AS). Our results showed significant differences in the concentrations and characteristics of DOM during the summer monsoon. The DOC concentrations were decreased after the monsoon, probably due to a dilution effect. In contrast, increasing trends were observed in the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and relative abundances of humic-like fluorescence and larger-sized compounds. These observations implied that the large-sized and humic-like organic components with terrestrial origins strongly affected the reservoir DOM after the summer monsoon. Meanwhile, biopolymer size fraction, which is associated with algal activity, became more abundant after the monsoon. These results suggest that DOM with autochthonous sources became dominant as a result of the inflow of nutrients into the reservoir after the storm. Spatial changes in DOM within the reservoir were not pronounced as much as the temporal variations. All taken, it can be concluded that the summer monsoon simply led to the decrease of DOM concentrations while the sources and the quality of DOM underwent substantial changes, which may enrich refractory organic matter in the reservoir. This study reveals the importance of in-depth DOM quality monitoring before and after summer monsoon for effective water quality management in agricultural reservoirs.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 수 환경 내에서 일어나는 주요 자연분획변환 과정 중 생분해 시 변화하는 용존 유기물질의 특성이 중금속 결합특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 각각 호수와 하천 기원을 대표하는 Pony lake fulvic acid와 Suwannee river fulvic acid를 포함한 다양한 유기물을 대상으로 2주간 배양실험을 하여 변화하는 농도, 성상 및 중금속 구리 결합특성을 조사한 결과 각 시료 내 DOC농도는 감소하고 SUVA 값은 증가하였다. 특히 포도당 및 단백질계 탄소구조 함유비율이 높을수록 미생물에 의한 DOC 농도 분해율은 증가하였다. 포도당과 휴믹물질의 혼합비를 고려한 경우 배양 후 예측되는 혼합액의 DOC 감소율은 실제 측정값과 유사하였다. 그러나 SUVA값은 오히려 더 높게 나타나 생분해성 물질과 휴믹물질이 혼재할 경우 탄소 구조 변화로 인한 휴믹화의 진행이 더 크게 나타날 수 있음을 보였다. Synchronous 형광스펙트럼 결과 배양 후 Pony lake fulvic acid의 경우 휴믹산계 형광특성이, Suwannee river fulvic acid에서는 펄빅산계 형광특성이 크게 증가하였다. 포도당 시료에서는 배양 전 관찰되지 않았던 단백질계와 펄빅산계 형광특성이 관찰되었다. 중금속 구리와의 결합정도를 나타내는 log K 값은 미생물 배양 전과 후 휴믹물질 종류에 따라 변화가 없거나 혹은 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험 결과는 미생물에 의한 휴믹물질 관련 형광구조의 증가가 중금속 결합력 강화에 영향을 미치지 않거나 오히려 감소시키는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2009

The spectroscopic characteristics and chemical oxygen demand (COD) oxidation efficiencies were investigated for dissolved organic matters (DOM) from diverse sources, which may indirectly affect the concentrations and the quality of DOM found in watersheds. The DOM investigated for this study showed a wide range of the percent distributions of refractory organic matter (R-OM) from 8 to 100%. Relatively high R-OM distributions were observed for the DOM with the source of head water, sediments, paddy soils, field soils, and treated sewage whereas the DOM from livestock waste, reed, weeds, algae, and attached algae exhibited lower R-OM percent distributions. The percent distribution of R-OM had positive correlations with specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and humidification indices (HIX) of DOM. The investigated DOM was classified into four different source groups (i.e., biota, vegetables, soils, sediments) by comparing the synchronous fluorescence spectra. The DOM group from biota source was characterized by a prominent presence of protein-like fluorescence (PLF) whereas fulvic-like fluorescence (FLF) was additionally observed for vegetable-source DOM. FLF became significant for the DOM from both soils and sediments although no PLF was found for soil-derived DOM. A range of COD oxidation efficiency was observed for the various DOM, ranging from 36 to 94% and from 65 to 125% for $COD_{Mn}$ and $COD_{Cr}$, respectively. The results indicate that $COD_{Cr}$ reflects the higher OM concentration than $COD_{Mn}$. However, 95% confidence intervals of the COD oxidation efficiencies were similar for the two types of COD, suggesting that $COD_{Cr}$ may not be the superior OM index to $COD_{Mn}$ in terms of the variability of the oxidation efficiency. No significant correlations were obtained between COD oxidation efficiencies and the spectroscopic characteristics of DOM for this study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.785-797
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• 2006

The formation characteristics of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were investigated in chlorination of raw water of different organic mallet characteristics. The samples used in this study were hydrophobic (N-HPO) and hydrophilic fraction (N-HPI) (which were concentrated and separated from Nakdong river water), and humic acid (HA) (which is known as a strong hydrophobic acid) as a reference organic matter, the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) of which was 2.19, 1.15 and 7.92, respectively. With increasing chlorine contact time, THMFP and HAAFP (the formation potential of THMs and HAAs) increased, but their increase was different depending on the organic mallet characteristics (i.e., for N-HPI, THMFP was higher than HAAFP, but the inverse result was obtained for N-HPO and HA and the ratio between them was greater for HA), and the mainly formed chemical species were CHCI$_3$ in case of THMs and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in case of HAAs for N-HPO and HA (and the ratios of CHCI$_3$ to total THMs and DCAA and TCAA to total HAAs for HA were higher than those for N-HPO), but for N-HPI, the ratio of brominated THMs was a little higher than that of CHCI$_3$ and the ratio of DCAA and TCAA to total HAAs was lower than that of N-HPO, although they are main chemical species in case of HAAs. Comparing THMFP and HAAFP with the increase in bromide concentration added with those in not adding it, the former increased greatly and its increase was higher for the organic mallet with stronger hydrophobicity, but the latter was lower for N-HPO and N-HPI and was similar for HA. The main chemical species with increasing bromide concentration were CHBt$_3$ in case of THMs regardless of organic matter characteristics, and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) for N-HPO and N-HPI, DBAA and tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) for HA in case of HAAs. With increasing reaction temperature and pH, THMFP and HAAFP increased for the former, but for the latter, THMFP increased and HAAFP decreased, although the rate of increase or decrease was different with organic mallet characteristics.