• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 라테라이트광의 건식 분쇄가 니켈 및 코발트의 침출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시료로 사용한 라테라이트광은 주로 $SiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO로 이루어져 있으며, 니켈과 코발트의 함량은 0.81% Ni, 0.02% Co이었다. 주 구성 광물은 리자다이트와 석영이며, 미량의 포스터라이트와 엔스터타이트를 함유하고 있었다. 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 시료의 평균입도, 비표면적, 밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, X-선 회절분석을 통해 리자다이트의 비정질화가 진행됨을 확인하였다. 분쇄에 의한 석영의 물성변화는 나타나지 않았으나, 리자다이트의 Mg-OH 결합이 파괴됨으로써 니켈 및 코발트의 침출율이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 니켈과 코발트의 침출율은 증가하였으며, 60분 분쇄한 시료의 경우, 사용한 무기산의 종류에 관계없이 니켈과 코발트의 침출율은 약 80%로 나타났다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.107-108
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2016

Size reduction is one of the major pre-processing operations in using biomass as a source of energy or raw materials for forest products industry. The grinding characteristics of dried yellow poplar wood chips were investigated using laboratory knife mill with three different screen aperture diameters to provide the basic information for the optimizing of size reduction processes in biomass industry. Average specific energy consumptions were 0.157, 0.137, and 0.093 Wh/g for the screen aperture diameters of 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 mm, respectively. According to the results of size distribution analysis of ground particles, the sizes of the most of ground particles were much smaller than the aperture diameters of the screens installed on knife mill used in this study.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of cutting tool materials on surface quality when turning hardened steels. Machining tests on a lathe are performed using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and ceramic tools at various cutting conditions without coolant. From the experiments, it is observed that the radial force is the largest force component regardless the type of tool used. The specific cutting energy for the hard turning is estimated to be considerably smaller than the specific grinding energy. It is also found that cutting force and surface roughness with the PCBN tools are higher and better than those with the ceramic tools under the same cutting condition. It is due that the PCBN tools transfer the generated heat more effectively than the ceramic tools due to their higher thermal conductivity. The optimal cutting conditions for the best surface quality are selected by using an orthogonal array concept.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2009

A visible-light photoactive $TiO_{2-x}N_x$ photocatalyst was synthesized successfully by means of cogrinding of anatase-$TiO_2(a-TiO_2)$ in $NH_3$ ambient, followed by heat-treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ in air environment. In general, it is well known that the grinding-operation induces phase transformation of a-$TiO_2$ to rutile $TiO_2$. This study investigates the influence of the amount of $NH_3$ gas on the phase transformation rate of a-$TiO_2$ and enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic activity, and also examines the relation between the photocatalytic activity and the period of grinding time. The phase transformation rate of a-$TiO_2$ to rutile is retarded with the amount of NH3 injected. And the visible-light photocatalytic activity of samples, was more closely related to the period of grinding time than $NH_3$ amount injected, which means that the doping amount of nitrogen into $TiO_2$ more effective to mechanical energy than $NH_3$ amount injected. XRD, XPS, FT-IR, UV-vis, Specific surface area (SSA), NOx decomposition techniques are employed to verify above results more clearly.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

A number of researches have been carried out regarding the utilization of nanocellulose(crystalline nanocellulose, microfibrillated cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose) for the manufacture of various kinds of composites and functional products. However, only few research works on the manufacturing characteristics of nanocellulose could be found, although some companies started already the production of nanocellulose in commercial scale. However, the most important thing in commercializing of production and utilization of nanocellulose is to develop the economical and efficient process. Thus, this study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of refining, alkaline pre-treatment and grinder clearance on the characteristics of microfibrillated cellulose and energy consumption. There was no significant differences in crystalline index with the degree of microfibrillation. The initial fibrillation could be improved by refining pre-treatment, but its effect was not observed anymore since the fibrillation was done up to certain level by grinding. Refining pre-treatment did not improved the energy efficiency. Alkaline pre-treatment can be helpful because the swelling of pulp fiber will facilitate fibrillation. It was found that the decrease in grinder clearance was helpful to improve the energy efficiency.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

활석은 T-O-T 구조의 함수 마그네슘 층상규산염 광물로서, 화학적 안정성과 흡착성 등의 특성을 가지고 있어 다양한 산업분야에서 첨가제, 코팅제 등으로 활용되어 왔다. 최근 나노 복합체의 안정성 향상을 위한 첨가제로서 활석 나노입자가 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고에너지 볼 밀을 이용하여 기계적인 방법으로 활석 나노입자를 형성하고, 분쇄시간에 따른 입자크기 및 결정도의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. X-선 회절 분석 결과, 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 활석의 피크 폭이 점진적으로 증가하여 720분 분쇄 후, 활석은 비정질에 가까운 X-선 회절패턴을 보여준다. 레이저회절 입도 분석 결과, 약 $12{\mu}m$이었던 활석의 입도는 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 약 $0.45{\mu}m$까지 감소하였으나, 120분 이상 분쇄를 진행하여도 뚜렷한 입도의 감소가 관찰되지 않았다. 반면, BET 비표면적은 분쇄 720분까지 꾸준히 증가하여, 분쇄에 따른 입도 또는 형태의 변화가 지속적으로 일어남을 지시한다. 주사전자현미경 및 투과전자현미경 관찰 결과, 720분 분쇄 후 약 100~300 nm 내외의 층상형 입자들이 마이크로 스케일의 응집체로 존재함을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 분쇄시간이 증가함에 따라 활석의 입자크기 및 형태는 지속적으로 변화하지만, 나노입자의 특성상 재응집이 일어나 마이크로 크기의 응집체를 형성하고 있음을 지시한다. 또한 활석의 분쇄에서 판의 크기, 즉 a축, b축 방향의 길이는 감소 한계가 존재하며, 분쇄가 진행될수록 판의 두께, 즉 c축 방향의 길이 감소가 주된 분쇄 메커니즘으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과는 나노 활석의 형성 메커니즘에 대한 이해를 고양할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2020

A ceramic vacuum chamber feedthrough ceramic insulator is made of Al2O3; the manufacturing process involves filling alumina powder into a urethane mold and pressing it with a rubber press to produce a molded body. Thereafter, manufacturing is completed through primary shape processing, sintering, and secondary shape processing in the green body, which is a pressurized molding body, This work is intended to prevent defects in the first shape processing by improving the ceramic insulator in the green body, and to improve the productivity of the ceramic insulator by determining the optimal processing conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2015

Objectives: In order to review both the effects of sewage sludge dewaterability and deodorizing ability in the existing advanced sewage treatment process, BIO-CLOD (a solidified mixture of 10% Bacillus concentrate and inorganics) was used as an inorganic conditioner effective for deodorization treatment in addition to the removal of organic matter and nutritive salts. Methods: Sludge dewaterability was evaluated using specific resistance to filtration (SRF) experiments with six agitators and two types of commercially available BIO-CLOD; one that is made by grinding solid matter (powdered BIO-CLOD) and one that has been obtained by sieving a separation with a particle diameter of 100 mesh (100 mesh BIO-CLOD). For deodorization odor treatment experiments, 20 g of commercially available solid BIO-CLOD was submerged in four liters of sewage sludge and mixed and agitated for 45 days. Results: When BIO-CLOD was injected into sewage sludge to experimentally compare specific resistance to filtration (SRF), the optimum amount of BIO-CLOD to be injected was shown to be 2% w/v and the SRF value in this case was $1.35{\times}10^{12}m/kg$. pH changes following BIO-CLOD injection were within 6.5-7.0. By 14 days after submerging BIO-CLOD into the sewage sludge to evaluate its deodorizing ability, $H_2S$ decreased by 68% and methyl mercaptan decreased by 74%. By 45 days after the submergal, both items decreased by 100%, indicating deodorizing ability. Conclusion: To compare the levels of dewaterablity of sewage sludge at different particle sizes of inorganic conditioner, powdered BIO-CLOD, particle size 100 mesh BIO-CLOD, and bentonite were tested. It could be seen that as the powdered BIO-CLOD increased, the precipitability increased up to 62% in 30 minutes. As an inorganic conditioner, BIO-CLOD was identified as a stable sludge conditioner that does not affect pH.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2002년도 창립 10주년 기념 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.109-119
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• 2002

Rice production in Korea began to rise significantly after 1970. Rice is the dominant food in Korea and most of the rice production (about 95%) is consumed as cooked rice. it provides over 4,000Kj of energy per capita per day. Apparent rice availability in 2000, 93.6Kg of milled rice per person annually. The non-allergenic character of rice offers a sound basis for development of products for markets for all age groups. Whole grains are washed rice, coated rice, enriched rice in Korea. Utilization of rice as food can be categorized three categories in Korea; direct food use, processed foods, and brewing. Rice for direct consumption include regular whole grain, precooked rice, brown rice and specialty products such as aseptic cooked rice, retort cooked rice and rice burger. Rice used for processed foods includes that for cereal, soup, baby food, snack, cake, noodle, brown rice tea, and minor unclassified uses. Rice use for brewing is for the production of fermented rice wine. The use of rice for direct food is by for the greatest of the three uses. Although direct food accounts for the largest domestic consumption, a significant quantity of rice is used in processed products. The use of rice by-products as human food should not be over looked. Utilization of by products(rice germ, rice bran) requires a specialized technology. Typical type of rice is black rice. When cooked, black rice gives a black color to cooked rice. Glutinous rice performs specific functions in several commercial products such as dessert, gravis, cake and snack. Rice starch production is quite limited because of the high cost of making of starch. Rice processed products in Korea are occupied small parts of total rice production compared to Japan. Rice cake (Garadog) is the principal from of rice product consumed in Korea. Rice cake and snack is usually prepared from non-glutinous milled by washing, grinding, steaming, cooling and packaging. Rice cake will be continued to be a major rice product in Korea. Rice products represent a means to study variety differences in rice grain quality, since the processing magnifies differences not normally detected from more boiling. Recently, rice processing companies in Korea are about 400 ones which uses rice about 160,000tons. New rice processed products and modified traditional products must be developed and diversified with high quality and processing properties of rice processed products are improved.