• 환경생물
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2007

1997년도 가을 (10월), 1998년도 여름 (1월), 2002년도의 봄 (5월)과 가을 (10월)의 4회에 걸쳐 함경남도 신포특구내 북청 남대천 수계, 현금호, 대인호 및 호만포호에서 어류상을 조사한 결과 총 11과 29종의 어류가 확인되었으며 이중 잉어과가 약 28%를 차지하였다. 천연기념물 및 희귀어류는 확인되지 않았으며 상업용도의 어류가 10종, 소하성어류가 5종, 기수역어류가 5종으로 나타났다. 식성에 있어서는 육식성어종이 11종, 초식성어종이 2종, 잡식성어종이 7종이었다. 지점별로는 남대천이 7과 20종, 현금호가 7과 21종, 대인호가 8과 23종, 호만포호가 6과 18종으로 나타났다. 종의 풍부도와 다양도 및 균등도는 대인호가 가장 높았으며 종의 우점도는 현금호가 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2014

나비목 종 다양성이 높은 지리산 온대 낙엽수림의 0.1 ha ($33m{\times}33m$) 방형구에서 나비목 애벌레와 기주식물의 다양성을 조사하였다. 방형구에 있는 식물의 종 및 개체수를 확인하고 이들 식물에서 먹이활동을 하는 애벌레를 채집하였다. 조사결과 14과 16종 141개체의 기주식물과, 11과 70종 159개체의 나비목 애벌레가 조사되었다. 나비목 애벌레는 졸참나무에서 가장 많이 채집되어 조사지역에서 선호 기주식물로 조사되었다. 채집된 애벌레의 종 다양성과 종 균등도는 자나방과와 밤나방과에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 나비목 애벌레와 기주식물과의 관계를 알 수 있었으며, 나아가 온대림의 나비목 애벌레의 종 다양성을 추정할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_1호
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• pp.465-473
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and changes of soil properties in the burned areas lapsed 28 years after the forest fire in Mt.Palgong. The forest fire occurred on March, 1969 and the red pine (pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The results are summarized as follows: the floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 49 and 48 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were Lespedeza maximowicxii(87.75), Carex humilis (62.94), Rhododendron schippenbachii(55.78) and Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens (51.94). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (81.17), Quercus serrata (53.58)m Carex humilis (53.11) and Miscanthus sinenis var. purpuracens (52.42) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both areas. The indices of similarity (CCs) between the two areas were 0.80. Degree of succession (DS) was 734 in the burned area and 809 in the unburned area. The species diversity (H) and evenness indices (e) in the burned and unburned areas were 2.05, 2.13 and 0.53, 0.55, respectively. Dominance index (C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in burned area were comparatively higher than those of unburned area. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases. These results suggest that there was relationship between trend of vegetation recovery and the changes of soil properties after the forest fire. Mixed forestation of fire-resistant species and nitrogen fixation species will be effective for reforestation after the forest fire.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2023

The purposes of this research were to identify fish species using DNA barcodes or partial sequences of cytochrome b (Cytb) and to assess the diversity of fish in the Mae Tam reservoir, Phayao province, Thailand. Fish samples were collected 3 times, during the winter, summer, and rainy seasons, from 2 sampling sites using gillnets with 3 mesh sizes (30, 50, and 70 mm). A total of 34 representative samples were classified into 12 species, 7 families and 6 orders by morphological- and DNA barcoding-based identifications. However, one cichlid species, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, could only be identified using DNA barcoding. Family Cyprinidae had the greatest diversity, 50.00%. The diversity, richness and evenness indices ranged from 0.43-0.65, 0.64-1.46, and 0.27-0.40, respectively, indicating that fish diversity at both sampling sites was relatively low. A comparison of the catch per unit effort (CPUE) with 3 different mesh sizes found that the 50 mm mesh size was the best (474.80 ± 171.56 g/100 m²/night), followed by the 70 mm (417.41 ± 176.24 g/100 m²/night) and 30 mm mesh sizes (327.88 ± 115.60 g/100 m²/night). These results indicate that DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for species identification. Our data can be used for planning the sustainable management of fisheries resources in the Mae Tam reservoir.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 1985

한국남부지역(韓國南部地域)에서 조림(造林)되고 있는 삼나무의 조림적지(造林適地)의 판정(判定) 및 시업방법(施業方法)의 개선(改善)에 필요(必要)한 기초(基礎)를 얻고자 삼나무 임분(林分)의 식생(植生)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사지역(調査地域) 및 임분(林分)의 환경조건(環境條件)은 일본추전현지역(日本秋田縣地域)에 비교(比較)하면 21~25년생(年生) 임분(林分)은 동등(同等)하였으나 51~58년생(年生) 임분(林分)은 불량(不良)한 생육상태(生育狀態)이었다. 2) 총출현종수(總出現種數)는 256종(種)이었고, 조성종수(組成種數)는 42~99종(種)으로 일본(日本)에서 보다 많은 편(便)이나 상한수(上限數)는 같았다. 3) 온대남부(温帶南部) 및 난대북부림대(暖帶北部林帶)에 속(屬)하며 표(表) 4 와 같이 I~IV 급(級)의 임상형(林床型)으로 구분(區分)하였다. 4) 최대종다양도(最大種多樣度)(H' max)와 우점도(優占度)(1-J')는 높았고 Simpson 종다양도(種多樣度)(${\lambda}$)와 균재도(均在度)(J')는 낮은 비교적(比較的) 균일(均一)한 식생(植生)이었다. 5) 유사율(類似率)(PS)은 평균(平均) 3.904 이하(以下)로 낮은 유사성(類似性) 즉 지구간(地區間)에는 특이성(特異性)이 있다. 6) Morista's 지표(指標)($I_M$)에 의(依)하면 8번 구(區)는 일반화(一般化)되어 있고 12번 구(區)는 특성화(特性化)되어 있다. 7) Sneath-Sokal의 근원계수(近遠係數)(I)에 의(依)하면 0.15 이하(以下)의 낮은 비유사계수(非類似係數) 즉 각구간(各區間)의 유사성(類似性)이 매우 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.64-78
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• 2015

개병풍(Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.)의 보전 및 복원을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 자생지 환경특성을 조사하였다. 자생지 고도는 해발 432-1,413 m까지 다양하게 위치하였으며, 경사도는 $16-49.5^{\circ}$로 비교적 급한 경사지에 자라는 것으로 확인되었고, 주로 북사면을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 개병풍 자생지의 식생분석 결과 12개 방형구에서 조사된 관속식물은 246분류군이었으며, 개병풍이 주로 분포한 초본층의 중요치는 개병풍이 20.40%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 관중(4.56%), 도깨비부채(3.72%), 노루오줌(2.81%), 대사초(2.67%), 단풍취(2.65%), 벌깨덩굴(2.46%)의 순으로 나타나 이러한 종류들이 개병풍과 유사한 환경을 선호하는 것으로 판단된다. 종다양도는 평균 1.23, 우점도와 균등도는 각각 0.11과 0.86으로 산출되었다. 토양분석 결과 낙엽층의 두께는 2-10 cm이었으며, 토심은 20.8-67.5 cm로 나타났다. 토성은 사질토, 미사질토, 양토 등이었으며, pH는 5.63-7.74, 유기물함량은 8.88-42.55%, 그리고 질소함량은 1.40-6.58 mg/g으로 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2014

희귀식물인 가침박달 자생지의 환경특성을 조사하여 보전 및 복원 시 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사결과 가침박달의 자생지는 해발 1-624 m에 위치하였고, 경사는 $2-81^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 방형구내 조사된 관속식물은 총 248분류군이었으며, 가침박달이 주로 분포한 관목층의 중요치는 가침박달이 18.70%로 가장 높았고 다음으로는 진달래(3.79%), 줄댕강나무(3.27%), 회잎나무와 신갈나무(3.23%), 땅비싸리(2.97%) 등의 순으로 나타나 이러한 종류들이 가침박달과 유사한 환경을 선호하는 것으로 판단된다. 종다양도는 평균 1.03, 우점도와 균등도는 각각 0.15와 0.85로 산출되었다. 토양의 토성은 양토와 미사질양토가 각각 5개 지역으로 가장 많았고 포장용수량은 평균 24.19%, 유기물함량은 8.21%, 그리고 pH와 유효인산함량은 5.52와 $7.71{\mu}g/g$이었다. 환경특성과 식생조사 및 토양분석 결과를 바탕으로 한 상관분석에서는 가침박달의 피도가 포장용수량 및 유효인산함량과 높은 연관성을 보였다.