• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.401-415
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• 2002

Lim and his coworkers (1987; 1988; 1989) have also found that all of total Ginseng saponin, panaxadiol-and panaxatriol-type saponins cause the increased secretion of catecholamines (CA) in a $Ca^{2+}$ -dependent fashion from the isolated perfused rabbit adrenal glands through the activation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors. These CA secretory effects are partly due to the direct action on the rabbit adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. However, the present study was designed to examine the effect of total ginseng saponin on CA secretion evoked by activation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. Total ginseng saponin given (100 ${\mu}g$/20 min) into an adrenal vein did fail to produce alteration of spontaneous CA release from the rat adrenal medulla. Acetylcholine(5.32 mM)- and DMPP(100 ${\mu}M$, a selective nicotinic receptor agonist)-evoked CA secretory responses were reduced markedly after the pretreatment with the total ginseng saponin at a rate of 100 ${\mu}g$/6.2 ml/20 min, respectively. Pretreatment with total ginseng saponin also depressed greatly high potassium (56 mM, a membrane depolarizing agent)- and Bay-K-8644 (10 ${\mu}M$, a calcium channel activator)-induced CA secretions. Taken together, it is thought that total ginseng saponin can inhibit the releasing effect of CA evoked by nicotinic receptor stimulation from the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which seems to be associated to the direct inhibition of influx through L-type calcium channel into the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. It seems that there is species differences in the adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion between the rabbit and rat.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2004

Krigia속 7종 모두와 근연속인 Nothocalais cuspidata 1종에 대해 과피 해부학적 형질을 조사하여 분류학적 유연관계를 추론하였다. 과피 해부학적 형질 중 과피의 모양, 늑의 수는 Krigia속 모든 종이 같은 형질을 공유하고 있으나, costa 의 모양, costa와 intercosta에서 중과피를 이루는 libriform 섬유세포와 fiber-sclereid 세포층의 수와 이들 세포층의 발달정도가 종간에서 차이점이 나타났다. Krigia biflora, K. cespitosa, K. occidentalis와 K. wrightii는 costa와 intercosta에서 libriform 섬유세포가 잘 발달되어있는 반면에 K. dandelion, K. montana와 K. virginica는 잘 발달되어있지 않고, 대부분 fiber-sclereid 세포로 이루어져있다. 이전 분류체계에서 Krigia 절에 속했던 K. biflora는 과피 해부학적 형질상의 차이로 볼 때 Cymbia절에 더 많은 유사성을 가지고 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2011

폴리페놀화합물인 안토시아닌, 레스베라트롤, 쿼세틴, 카테킨, 에피카테킨류는 항암작용과 항산화작용을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 국내 육성 포도 품종과 외국 도입 품종에 대하여 포도내 대표적인 폴리페놀계 화합물인 안토시아닌, 레스베라트롤, 쿼세틴, 카테킨, 에피카테킨류의 함량을 분석하였다. 전체적으로 카테킨 및 에피카테킨의 함량은 레스베라트롤과 쿼세틴보다 훨씬 높게 검출되었다. 폴리페놀계의 화합물은 과피색 간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 동일 과피색내의 품종간에는 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 각 과피색 그룹에서 흑색 포도에서는 캠벨얼리, 청색 그룹에서는 세네카, 그리고 적색그룹에서는 베니가드 품종이 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 성분별로 적게 함유하거나 전혀 검출되지 않는 품종도 일부 존재하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 포도 육종개발 및 가공 분야에 응용되는 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2014

헛개나무(Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai, Korea raisin tree)는 동아시아가 원산지이며, 식 약용 수종으로서 밀원수종으로도 가치가 증대되고 있는 수종이다. 본 연구는 헛개나무의 절접에 의한 접수의 채취시기와 연령 및 비닐하우스 설치에 따른 접목활착율의 효과를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. 헛개나무 신품종은 절접에 의한 접목 결과 클론간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 온대 북부 권역에서는 휴먼기인 춘분 전에 접수를 채취하는 것이 가장 적합하며, 비닐하우스를 설치하는 경우에는 86% 이상의 높은 접목 활착율을 얻을 수 있다. 접수 연령은 1년지가 가장 적합하며 접목 후 비닐터널을 설치하여 접목상을 관리하면 80% 이상의 높은 접목활착율을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.58-60
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• 2019

혐기성 그람 음성 세균인 Prevotella intermedia는 사람의 구강 내 정상세균총의 하나이고 다양한 구강 및 전신 질환과 관련이 있다. 본 논문에서는 경부안면형 방선균증으로부터 분리된 P. intermedia ATCC 15032 균주의 유전체 염기서열을 분석하여 보고한다. 이 균주의 유전체는 2,848,426 bp의 크기로 GC 함량은 43.45%이다. 이 유전체 서열 정보는 P. intermedia 종 내에서의 균주 간 유전체 다양성 및 표현형 차이의 유전적 기초를 이해하는데 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.35-58
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa rhizoma extract in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint cavity of rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (Normal, Control, positive comparison, low (CL) and high (CH) concentration groups). Rats in the low concentration (CL) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Rats in the high concentration (CH) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Hind paw weight distribution and ROS levels were measured. At the end of all treatments, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were analyzed. In addition, inflammatory protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: In this study, hind paw weight distribution significantly improved in the CL and CH groups, while. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in both. The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine did not significantly change in either group. The production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), $p47^{phox}$, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) decreased in both. Catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the CL and CH groups, respectively. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) increased, but there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Inflammatory cytokines, including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-${\kappa}Bp65$), interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), decreased significantly in both the CL and CH groups. Conclusions: Our results showed that Curcuma longa rhizoma extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory activity is regulated by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as NF-${\kappa}B$, therefore, it suppresses cartilage damage as well.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.12.1-12.8
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• 2019

Background: Wild fish populations stock is continuously diminishing in the Indo-Ganges river basin, and the population status of most fishes is unidentified. The identification of the population status and the conservation of commercially important and endemic wild fish populations in this region are crucial for the management. The aim of this paper was to identify the population status of Cirrhinus reba, a promising aquaculture but vulnerable species in the Indo-Ganges river basin in Bangladesh. Methods: C. reba samples were collected from four isolated populations of the Brahmaputra (n = 30), the Padma (33), the Karatoya (31), and the Jamuna Rivers (30) in Bangladesh, and the population status was evaluated using morphometric and landmark comparisons. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, univariate analysis, discriminant function analysis, and the formation of a dendrogram. Results: Three meristic characters (Pectoral fin rays, caudal fin rays, scale in lateral lines), four morphometric characters (head length, pre-orbital length, post-orbital length, maximum body depth), and truss measurement (4-7) were significantly different among the stocks. The step-wise discriminant function analysis retained 15 variables from morphometric and landmark measurements that significantly differentiated the populations based on the constructed DFI and DFII. Discriminate function analysis also showed that 91.2% of the original groups were classified into their correct samples. The cluster analysis of Euclidean distances placed the Jamuna population in one cluster and the Brahmaputra, the Padma, and the Karatoya populations in the second one. Conclusion : Morphological differences among the stock were probably due to different ancestral origin. This is the first report about population status of C. reba in their natural habitat of the Indian subcontinent. Further genetic studies and the evaluation of environmental impact on C. reba populations in Bangladesh are suggested to support our findings.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2019

The 20-kHz ultrasonic irradiation was applied to investigate bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility changes over time. Applied intensities of ultrasound power were varied at 27.7 W and 39.1 W by changing the amplitude 20 to 40 to three bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus). By 15-min irradiation, E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, showed 1.2- to 1.6-log removals, while the gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, showed below 0.5-log removal efficiencies. Antibiotic susceptibility of penicillin-family showed a dramatic increase at E. coli, but for other antibiotic families showed no significant changes in susceptibility. Gram-positive bacteria showed no significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibilities after ultrasound irradiation. Bacterial re-survival and antibiotic susceptibility changes were measured by incubating the ultrasound-irradiated samples. After 24-hour incubation, it was found that all of three bacteria were repropagated to the 2- to 3-log greater than the initial points, and antibiotic inhibition zones were reduced compared to ones of the initial points, meaning that antibiotic resistances were also recovered. Pearson correlations between bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility showed negative relation for gram-negative bacteria, E. coli., and no significant relations between bacterial re-survival and its inhibition zone. As a preliminary study, further researches are necessary to find practical and effective conditions to achieve bacteria inactivation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

Our study was conducted to examine differences in incubation behavior among breeding sites and the relationship between factor affecting environmental change and incubation behavior of the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor). We set up the remote sensor cameras at three breeding sites (Mae-do, Namdongji, Guji-do) to observe incubation behavior in Gyeonggi Bay, South Korea from 2015 to 2018. We analyzed effects of breeding year, day of incubation started, day of incubation, the time of incubation exchanges and sex on incubation bout length. Mean incubation bout length of females (Mae-do: $7.19{\pm}0.23$ hours, Namdongji: $6.08{\pm}0.23$ hours, Guji-do: $7.96{\pm}0.30$ hours) was longer than males (Mae-do: $6.14{\pm}0.21$ hours, Namdongji: $5.45{\pm}0.28$ hours, Guji-do: $7.38{\pm}0.29$ hours). Mean incubation bout length was longer in Guji-do than other study sites. Incubation bout length tended to increase with the clutch initiation date. Males incubated their eggs at day time while female did at night time, these tendencies were observed more clearly in Guji-do. The proportion of time spent incubating of females was higher than males. Males' proportion increased as incubation progressed and increased rate in Guji-do was higher than other study sites. Our results showed that incubation rhythm of the Black-faced Spoonbill differed among breeding sites and varied with the environmental cycle.