• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.87-87
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• 1995

The muscarinic effects of carbachol were compared on the isolated ileums of guinea-pig, rat and rabbit to elucidate the underlying mechanism of species differences in sensitivity for carbachol. The ED$\_$50/ value estimated on the guinea-pig ileum was 4 to 6-fold lower than those obtained on the rat and rabbit ileums, but the K$\_$A/ values of carbachol determined by functional assays were almost identical with 12-l7 ${\mu}$M in all of three ileums. The competition data of carbachol for [$^3$H]QNB binding were best described by a two-site model yielding the Ki values of 0.4-0.6${\mu}$M and 12-16${\mu}$M for high(K$\_$H/) and low(K$\_$L/) affinity sites, respectively. The low affinity dissociation constants(K$\_$L/) of carbachol determined from receptor binding studies thus were not significantly different from the K$\_$A/ values estimated from functional studies. The percentage of receptor occupation that carbachol requires for half-maximal response was approximately 3 to 5-fold lower in guinea-pig compared to rat and rabbit whereas the density of muscarinic binding sites per gram of ileum measured by [$^3$H]QNB saturation isotherms was two-fold higher in guinea-pig than that in rat and rabbit. Therefore, the numbers of muscarinic receptors occupied at ED$\_$50/ values of carbachol were about two-fold lower in guinea-pig, suggesting two-fold greater intrinsic efficacy. These results indicate that the guinea-pig ileum has higher muscarinic receptor density and greater intrinsic efficacy for carbachol than the rat and rabbit ileums.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.3_4
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• pp.85-90
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• 1980

The chemical affinities among 12 species of Viola from Jeju Island are investigated by thin-layer chromatography for their MeOH soluble and aglycon parts. They are classified into three groups which are closely related to those of morphological classification: the first allience-Viola hirtipes, V. chaerophylloides, V. meta-japonica, V. keiskei var. okuboi and V. violacea; the second allience-V. xanthopetala, V. ovata-oblonga, V. acuminata var. acuminata and V. grypoceras; and the third allience-V. pachyrhiza, V. phalacrocarpa and V. mandshurica var. ciliata. The first allience consists of the species without stem which have PA value greater than 50% with one another. V. hirtipes and V. chaerophylloides show closer affinity among the taxa of this allience. The second allience consists of the species with stem, of which PA value are about 50%. The third allience consists of the species without stem which have PA values lower than 50% when compared with any other taxa.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.150-154
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• 1975

Four kinds of Nicotiana species and five varieties belonging to N. tabacum were used as materials for electrophoretic analysis of the tetrazolium oxidase isozyme to examine the taxonomic affinity among them based on the biochemical property. All the five verieties of N. tabacum showed same isozyme bands despite the fact that these varieties had notably varied characteristics including morphological traits. The band patterns were more or less different among the four species. Although N. rustica and N. tabacum were of the same genome group of AABB, their isozyme bands showed considerable difference. N. sylvestris, genome A donor of Nicotiana species, was found to be markedly different from N. tatacum in band pattern, including the absence of system 2 in N. sylvestris.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

Our heterologous expression system of the human ferritin H-chain gene (hfH) allowed us to characterize the cellular effects of ferritin in yeasts. The recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YGH2) evidenced impaired growth as compared to the control, which was correlated with ferritin expression and with the formation of core minerals. Growth was recovered via the administration of iron supplements. The modification of cellular iron metabolism, which involved the increased expression of high-affinity iron transport genes (FET3 and FTR1), was detected via Northern blot analysis. The findings may provide some evidence of cytosolic iron deficiency, as the genes were expressed transcriptionally under iron-deficient conditions. According to our results examining reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via the fluorescence method, the ROS levels in YGH2 were decreased compared to the control. It suggests that the expression of active H-ferritins reduced the content of free iron in yeast. Therefore, present results may provide new insights into the regulatory network and pathways inherent to iron depletion conditions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2001

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of muscles extracted with distilled water, saline solution, SDS or Trition X-100 showed simular protein patterns between Hanwoo and Holstein meat, indicating that SDS-PAGE technique may not be useful for the identification between Hanwoo and Holstein meat. Lectine blot analysis of muscle extracted with distilled water demonstrated that Hanwoo and Holstein meat had similar affinities for concanavalin A (Con A), ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-120), ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) or peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins. However, approximately 32.1 kDa component of Hanwoo meat showed high affinity for dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin. On the contrary, high molecular weight components of Holstein meat had the specific affinity for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. Hanwoo meat-specific components were observed by lectin staining of heat-denatured meat at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. Also, the component of heat-denatured meat at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec, which was slightly smaller than Hanwoo meat-specific component, was concentrated specifically in Holstein meat.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.712-718
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• 2005

Stepwise reductions of glucose and Orange II concentration were observed from the experiment of both white-rot fungi such as T. versicolor and P. chrysosporium. As a result, typical removal patterns in those dual substrate system were categorized through several distinctive steps: initial lag period, primary and secondary carbon consumption periods. Also, based on the total removal amounts of Orange II, COD and Color during the experimental period, similar removal extent were observed from both species experiments, within the maximal error range of 5%. However, it was refereed that the internal steps of Orange II removal on enzymatic level should be different between two species: Enzyme Lac showed good affinity for Orange II removal in T. versicolor, however in P. chrysosporium enzyme LiP represented more close affinity to the similar experimental condition. Thus, even though the superficial removal amount of calcitrant Orange II at different fungal species was merely similar, removal pathway of enzymatic levels and intermediates produced during the fungal decomposition would be different.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2011

An unrecorded Antrodia species was collected in South Korea and based on morphological characteristics, the species was identified as Antrodia sitchensis. To confirm its affinity within the polypores, the phylogenetic relationships of A. sitchensis and allied species were established using large subunit rDNA sequences.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2023

Malassezia and Staphylococcus are the most dominant genera in human skin microbiome. To explore the inter-kingdom interactions between the two genera, we examined the transcriptional changes in Malassezia and Staphylococcus species induced upon co-culturing. RNA-seq analyses revealed that genes encoding ribosomal proteins were upregulated, while those encoding aspartyl proteases were downregulated in M. restricta after co-culturing with Staphylococcus species. We identified MRET_3770 as a major secretory aspartyl protease coding gene in M. restricta through pepstatin-A affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and found that the expression of MRET_3770 was significantly repressed upon co-culturing with Staphylococcus species or by incubation in media with reduced pH. Moreover, biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in the spent medium of M. restricta, suggesting that biomolecules secreted by M. restricta such as secretory aspartyl proteases may degrade the biofilm structure. We also examined the transcriptional changes in S. aureus co-cultured with M. restricta and found co-cultured S. aureus showed increased expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and downregulation of those involved in riboflavin metabolism. These transcriptome data of co-cultured fungal and bacterial species demonstrate a dynamic interplay between the two co-existing genera.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2010

Seogundo is a small island adjacent to the southern coast of Jeju Island and connected to it by a boulder beach at low tide Surveys of this area were conducted from 2001 to 2009 to enumerate the mollusks there and also to examine their diversity, relative abundance, and ecological relationships. Both the boulder beach itself and several large tide pools were studied, including the coarse sand substrate and several species of seaweed and coralline algae found in the tide pools. Of the 121 species obtained or observed, there were 97 gastropods, 16 bivalves, and 8 polyplacophorans. Live specimens were obtained for about half of those species. About one third were found on rocky substrate, with the most common species being Nodilittorina radiata and Nerita japonica in the upper intertidal zone, N. radiata and Littorina brevicula in the middle intertidal, and Turbo (Lunella) coronata coreensis and Acanthopleura japonica in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal. The seaweeds and coralline algae contained about 40% of all mollusk species. The most common mollusks in two species of brown seaweed were Ittibittum parcum, Musculus nanus, and Euplica scripta. In a species of red seaweed, Komaitrochus pulcher was the most frequent, as in the coralline algae, along with M. nanus. The coarse sand in the tidepools contained about 25% of the species, with the Cerithiidae having the largest number. A sample of beach drift contained 17 species, with Bittium aleutaceum and Rissoina (Phosinella) pura being most common. Most species, about 60%, were found in a variety of habitats, especially the marine flora; few species exhibited any habitat preferences. Biographically, Jeju Island is part of the Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific Province and the East China Sea ecoregion with a strong faunal affinity with southern Japan, eastern China, and northeastern Taiwan. Zonal-geographical groupings reveal that the fauna is mainly subtropical-low boreal, preferring moderately warm water, with a somewhat smaller number of tropical-subtropical species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.135-149
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• 2015

Korean fir(Abies koreana E.H.Wilson 1920), endemic tree species of Korean peninsula, is considered as vulnerable and endangered species to recent rapid environmental changes such as land use and climate change. There are limited activities and efforts to find natural habitats of Korean fir for conservation of the species and habitats. In this study, by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models) based on climate and topographic factors of Korean fir, we developed Korean fir's predicted distribution model and explored novel natural habitats. In Mt. Shinbulsan, Youngnam region and Mt. Songnisan, we could find korean fir's two novel habitat and the former was the warmest($13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature), the driest(1,200mm~1,600mm in annual rainfall) and relatively low altitude environment among Korean fir's habitats in Korea. The result of SDMs did not include mountain areas of Gangwon-do as habitats of A. nephrolepis, because there were different contributions of key habitat environment factors, summer rainfall, winter mean temperature and winter rainfall, between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. Our results raise modification of other distribution models on Korean fir. Novel habitat of Korean fir in Mt. Shinbulsan revealed similar habitat affinity of the species, ridgy and rocky site, with other habitats in Korea. Our results also suggest potential areas for creation of Korea fir's alternative habitats through species reintroduction in landscape and ecosystem level.