Park, Kyo-Nam;Koh, Ji-Yun;Jeong, Choon-Soo;Kim, Jong-Seol
Korean Journal of Microbiology
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v.47
no.1
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pp.38-49
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2011
Bioaerosols generated from wastewater treatment plants may create health risks for plant workers and nearby residents. To determine the levels of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi in bioaerosols, samples were seasonally collected above and near the aeration tanks of one feces-urine and three sewage treatment plants in Ulsan, Korea with an impaction-type sampler. In the feces-urine treatment plant, concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria were between 1.3(±0.2)×1031.3(±0.2)×103 and 2.6(±1.2)×1042.6(±1.2)×104 MPN/m3m3 above the aeration tank and between 1.7(±1.0)×1021.7(±1.0)×102 and 7.2(±2.2)×1037.2(±2.2)×103 MPN/m3m3 near the aeration tank. Coliform bacteria were detected both above and near the aeration tank. In cases of sewage treatment plant, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from $1.9({\pm}1.2){\times}10^1$ to 1.8(±1.2)×1041.8(±1.2)×104 MPN/m3m3 above the aeration tank and from 5.0(±2.8)×1005.0(±2.8)×100 to 6.6(±2.0)×1036.6(±2.0)×103 MPN/m3m3 near the aeration tank. At reference sites, the concentrations of heterotrophs in ambient air were measured between 7.0×1007.0×100 and 2.7×1012.7×101 MPN/m3m3. When we isolated and tentatively identified heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas luteola was the most dominant species in bioaerosols from wastewater treatment plants, whereas the most abundant one in reference samples was Micrococcus sp. When we measured fungal concentrations in bioaerosols, they were rather similar regardless of sampling locations and seasons, and such genera as Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Penicillium were commonly identified.
This study was conducted to find a system for screening organic resources with 16 species, 62 samples which were selected to randomizing point from city, province and industrial areas in the whole country. Content of organic matters were 65.365.3 in all samples so that they were largely over than 60%, raw material regulation of compost. Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.7∼4.80.7∼4.8, they could look for effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus supply as a raw material of compost. In case of 8 elements concentrations of heavy metal, they were too high to use as raw materials of compost which were over to regulation limit in Cu, Cr, Ni, and As from fiber industry, Ni from food company and leather industry, and the others are adapt to limit levels. HEM contents fro the highest to 113mgkg−1113mgkg−1 from liber industry and PAHs content were the highest to 3,462ugkg−13,462ugkg−1 from paper-mill manufacture. Distribution of PAHs concentiations were naphthalene>phenanthrene>pyrene>fluoroanthene>acenaphthene. Microtox(R)EC50Microtox(R)EC50 values for bioassay were pharmaceutical company>paper-mill manufacture>industrial area sewage sludge>fiber industry>urban sewage sludge>metropolitan sewage sludge. HEM between Zn, Cu, and Ni was significant at the 99% and between Cd was significant at the 95%, Microtox between Hg and BEM significant at the 95%.
Seo, Kyung-Won;Kim, Rae-Hyun;Koo, Jin-Woo;Noh, Nam-Jin;Kyung, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Jeong-Gyu;Son, Yo-Whan
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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v.25
no.1
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pp.47-57
/
2006
This study was carried out to select the Eco-tree for successful phytoremediation of abandoned metalliferous mines. We examined vegetation and heavy metal concentrations of woody plants in abandoned mining areas, and also conducted seed germination and seedling growth experiment on contaminated soils from Gahak and Geumjeong mines. Pinus densiflora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza bicolor and Alnus japonica showed high frequency in the survey areas and had high heavy metal concentrations compared to other species. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in roots than in leaves and stems. The seed germination rate was in the order of P. densiflora, L. bicolor, R. pseudoacacia, and Alnus japonica from the incubactor and greenhouse experiment. In the incubator experiment germination rate was highest in the control soil for P. densiflora and A. japonica. Germination rate of P. densiflora was highest on the 100% contaminated soil for Gahak mine while germination rate decreased with increased percentage of contaminated soil for Geumjeong mine. In the greenhouse experiment germination rate was lowest on the 40% contaminated soil for Gahak mine while germination rate was lowest on the 20% contaminated soil for Geumjeong mine and increased with increased percentage of contaminated soil. Shoot growth was highest for L. bicolor while root growth was highest for R. pseudoacacia except for 20% contaminated soil in Geumjeong mine.
In this study, heavy metal distributions in the tissues of feral pigeon (Columba livia) were characterized using samples collected from bio-monitoring sites (Hangang Park and Hampyeong Park) of the NESB (National Environmental Specimen Bank), Korea, in order to evaluate the feasibility of feral pigeons as an indicator for the environmental monitoring. Cadmium (Cd) was analyzed to be accumulated in kidneys at higher concentration than in the other tissues. Such trend can also be found in the reviews on the Cd accumulations of the 34 cases including 17 avian species which showed that 31 cases had the highest Cd concentrations in the kidney among tissues. However, lead (Pb) was found to be richest in the bones in this study. 17 cases out of 30 reviewed cases had the highest Pb concentration in bones, whereas other 10 cases showed the highest concentration in kidneys, and 3 cases in livers. Therefore, kidneys together with bones can be a main target organ to test cadmium exposure to different habitat environments depending on physiological traits of birds. Zinc (Zn) was found to be the highest concentration in the pigeon livers of Hangang Park, but not in the bones. In contrast, the 13 cases of 16 reviewed cases had the highest Zn concentration in bones, and the 3 cases in livers. In addition, the heavy metal distribution patterns in relations to the metal accumulation mechanisms (a competition between Pb and Ca, a function of methallothionein protein, and etc.) were discussed.
This study focuses on identification of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and interpretation of raw material sources for prehistoric chlorite beads excavated from Geoseokri site in Boseong and Buntori site in Haenam, Korea. These prehistoric beads consist of three grayish blue ring-shaped beads, one dark green tubular bead and one greenish black tubular bead that show acicular-columnar and fibrous microtexture. The beads are composed of SiO2SiO2, Al2O3Al2O3, MgO and FeO as majors and a trace amount of K2OK2O, CaO and Na_2O$. Mineral species is mostly chlorite with a small amount of quartz and feldspar. Quantitative analysis indicates that the grayish blue ring-shaped beads and the dark green tubular bead belong to clinochlore and the greenish black tubular bead does to the boundary between clinochlore and sheridantie. Chlorite is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral and it shows various microtexture of acicular, sheeted, earthy, granular andfibrous shapes. As its hardness is 2, chlorite is easily engraved due to its softness. It has aesthetic worthy as it shows green, black and greenish gray colors and pearly to greasy luster as well. These factors would lead to the extensive use of chloritic beads as ornaments from prehistoric times. Though the mineral sources of the chlorite beads can be found in central western region of Chungnam and Iwon of Hamnam, those areas are too distant from the two relic sites. Instead, chlorite ores commonly occur as altered products in wall rock alteration zone of every hydrothermal deposit. Therefore, it is probable that raw materials of chlorite were supplied from neighboring hydrothermal environment rather than far deposits. The result needs further study to verify raw material provenance interpretation, supply, manufacture and distribution on the basis of archaeological points of view.
1 The coastal area between Youngdo and Jodo was a common coastal water not much different from other coastal waters before the construction of the breakwater between them. 2. The breakwater between the two islands shuts off the tidal currents and divides the area . into the two small isolated bays to create quite different environments. 3. To understand the differences between then, present study examined some environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, transparency, and major nutrients, phosphates, sillicates and nitrites and the phytoand zooplankton. The samplings were carried out monthly from March 1976 to February 1977 at 4 stations: 2 stations in each bay. 4. Some differences were observed in the environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and transparency between the two bays. 5. The distribution and occurence of nutrient salts of the two bays were distinctly different each other. Northern Bay had 138%138% of nutrients in comparison with Southern Bay. 6. Phytoplankton in Northern Bay was about 200%200% plentier than in Southern Bay. 7. Zooplankton in Southern Bay was about 180%180% richer than in Northern Bay. 8. One of the pollution indicator species, Synedra ulna, was observed in Northern Bay and the occurence of Euglena sp. and ciliates were much higher in Northern Bay than in Southern Bay, but, in contrast, Sagitta sp. was more abundant in Southern Bay than in the other. 9. The areas of the two bays seem to be in its way to eutrophication especially in Northern Bay. 10. The two bays have been differentiated enough to identify each other.
Park, Gyu Jin;Ju, Hyun;Choi, Ok In;Choi, Chang Geun
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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v.23
no.4
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pp.338-346
/
2017
Natural seaweed beds and habitat environments were investigated using quantitative and qualitative methods from May to December 2015 at 3 sites in Gangneung, Uljin, and Busan along the eastern coast of Korea. In total, 9 green, 23 brown, and 64 red algal taxa were identified. The biomass of the seaweed at Gangneung was 173.2 to 613.8wetwt.g/m2613.8wetwt.g/m2 of Dictyota divaricata, 360.8 to 520.4wetwt.g/m2520.4wetwt.g/m2 of Symphyocladia linearis, and 25.9 to 470.8wetwt.g/m2470.8wetwt.g/m2 of Undaria pinnatifida. At Uljin, these numbers were 5.5 to 256.2wetwt.g/m2256.2wetwt.g/m2 of Plocamium telfarirae and 46.8 to 241.5wetwt.g/m2241.5wetwt.g/m2 of Agarum clathratum. The biomass of Sargassum coreanum and Ecklonia cava were 388.1 to 6,972.4wetwt.g/m26,972.4wetwt.g/m2 and 194.9 to 958.5wetwt.g/m2958.5wetwt.g/m2, respectively, at Busan. S. coreanum and E. cava showed higher biomass compared to other seaweed at Busan. The biomass rate represented an average of 19.2 percent of the total population, ranging from 0.0 to 55.5 percent in Gangneung. In Uljin, the average was calculated as 63.8 percent, and this figure was 48.5 percent in Busan. The percentage of barren ground averaged 46.7 percent in Gangneung and 91.1 percent in Uljin. Uljin showed the highest percentage of barren ground compared to other regions. Sea urchin density appeared to be 6.0ind./m26.0ind./m2 in Gangneung, 7.0ind./m27.0ind./m2 in Uljin, and 2.0ind./m22.0ind./m2 in Busan, with the lowest sea urchin density being that of Busan. In conclusion, the composition of species, appearance ratio, and abundance of vegetation found were similar to previous studies, but it is thought that continuous monitoring is needed due to concerns about physical and chemical pollution caused by global warming, climate change, and coastal development.
Jeong, Dae-Hoon;Kyung, Ye Jin;Kim, Hyunkyung;Koo, Hyun-Na;Cho, Soowon;Kim, Gil-Hah
Korean journal of applied entomology
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v.57
no.2
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pp.77-85
/
2018
We surveyed 281 sites of tropical plants and 666 sites of fruit plants for three years (2015~2017) on Pseudococcus longispinus and Pseudococcus orchidicola which have not been surveyed domestically. In tropical plants, P. longispinus were found at 34 sites, while P. orchidicola were found at 87 sites. However, both species were not found in fruit plants. The developmental characteristics of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola were investigated under various temperatures. The female nymph of P. longispinus did not develop at 14∘C14∘C and the developmental period was the longest at 16∘C16∘C for 361.4 days and the shortest at 32∘C32∘C for 39.0 days. The longevity of female adult of P. longispinus was the shortest at 28∘C28∘C as 71.7 days. The number of offspring was highest at 177.7 at 32∘C32∘C. The female nymph of P. orchidicola did not develop at 12∘C12∘C. However, the developmental period was the longest at 14∘C14∘C for 184.9 days and the shortest at 28∘C28∘C for 21.5 days. The longevity of female adult of P. orchidicola was the shortest at 51.5 days at 28∘C28∘C. The number of offspring was highest at 143.8 at 28∘C28∘C. The net reproductive rate (R0R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rmrm) of P. longispinus were 162.3 and 0.127 at 32∘C32∘C, respectively. The R0R0 and rmrm of P. orchidicola were 98.3 and 0.139 at 28∘C28∘C, respectively. These results suggest that the optimum temperature of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola was 32∘C32∘C and 28∘C28∘C, respectively. Therefore, we guess that they can never be able to survive the winter of Korea.
Pinus densiflora S. et Z. which has the widest distribution and highest stock at present in Korea and has used as materials for fuel, house construction, furniture and many other purposes for several hundred years, is considered as one of major species of economic importance, although there are a few epidemic insect injuries and silvicultural difficulties in regeneration. However, since disorderly cutting has been conducted for long time, the valuable local stands have disappeared. Therefore immediate attempts should be taken on the gene conservation and genetic studies including heritabilities and genetic gains of desirable characters. One hundred and twently five plus trees have so far been selected from the nationwide area and kept for the purpose of seed orchard establishment and other theoretical studies. In this study, the wind pollinated seeds of grafted stocks of 13 plus trees in clone bank located in Suweon and the seeds of 4 Japanese plus trees were collected and their progenies were used for heritability study. As indicated in figure 1, thirteen plus trees are from the middle part of Korea and two experimental plantations were laid out in ]972 (1-1 stock) by the randomized block design with five replications, consisting of 10 trees line plots of each family in each replication. Tree height, root collar diameter and branch diameter at 1cm apart from the main stem were measured. The results are summarized as follows 1. The rank of height growth of each plus tree progenies by age was greatly changed under age 3 and it was affected more in poor site than good site. 2. The heritabilities of height growth were estimated to be 7.2% at age 3, negative sign at age 4, 9.4% at age 5, 13.0% at age 6, 8.1% at age 7 and abrupt increase of 63.8% at age 8. The heritabilities were generally increased with increase of age. 3. The heritabilities of root collar diameter and branch diameter (average of the three biggest branches) was 3.2% and 11.8% at age 8 respectively. 4. The genetic gain was largest at age 8 and it was 46.6% when a selection intensity, 1/500 was taken. It, therefore, seems to be reasonable that selection should not be made under age 7.
The development of Aphidoletes aphidimyza, an aphidophagous gall midge, was studied at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35∘C35∘C, with 65±5%65±5% RH, and a photo-period of 16L:8D. When A. aphidimyra was fed either on Aphis gossypii or Myzus persicae, it took 43.9 and 44.5 days, respectively, to develop from egg to pupa at 15∘C15∘C, whereas at 25∘C25∘C, 14.3 and 15.8 days. The developmental zero was 10.7 and 10.0∘C10.0∘C, respectively, while the effective accumuative temperatures were 210.8 and 245.5 day-degrees. The nonlinear shape of temperature-dependent development, shown by A. aphidimyza when fed on either species of the aphids, was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. When distribution model of completion time of development for each growth stage was expressed as physiological age and fitted to the Weibull fuction, the completion time of development gradually shortened from egg to larva, and to pupa. In addition, the coefficient of determination r2r2 ranged between 0.86-0.93 and 0.85-0.94, respectively providing a good approximation of cumulative developmental rates. The life span of adult was 8.7 and 9.2 days at 15∘C15∘C, and 3.1 and 2.7 days at 30∘C30∘C, respectively. Egg incubation period was relatively short at 35∘C35∘C but hatchability was less than 50%50% and the mortality of the larva at 35∘C35∘C reached 100%100%. At 30∘C30∘C, the time of development lengthened and the adult longevity was short suggesting ill effect of high temperatures. Even though the life span of adults at 15∘C15∘C was relatively long, none moved freely in the rearing cage and no oviposition occurred. Accordingly, in case A. aphidimyza is adopted to suppress phytophagus aphid populations, it could be applicable to cropping systems with ambient temperatures above 20∘C20∘C and below 30∘C30∘C. Within this range, A. aphidimyza adults was observed to be active and oviposit fully.
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