• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.411-434
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• 2017

With emphasis on various local cultures to confront the Western central culture, Ngugi wa Thiong'o proposes them 'to move horizontally' so as not to repeat the oppressive culture of the West. We need not only dialogues between dominant languages and peripheral languages, but also between marginal languages. With respect to this point, Ngugi thinks that translation itself could be very effective. Ngugi wants to stimulate writing and speaking in marginalized languages and promote translation as a means of making these languages visible. He regards translation as a conversational tool among languages and cultures in the multicultural global community. As is already well known, his determination to write his later works only in his native Gikuyu language has a great meaning in his anti-colonial as well as anti-neocolonial movement. Its proof is his recent effort to cooperate with Jalada Africa. Simon Gikandi criticized the English translation of Matigari as a denial of cultural hegemony of Gikuyu language and its subordination to the global cultural market. However, the concept of 'thick translation', helps us move from Gikandi's doubt of the 'epistemology of translation' to a meaningful strategy of postcolonial translation. Facing some of the scholars' doubts related to his over-stressing language problem, Ngugi points out that the world has managed to function well through translation: the possibility of translation between cultures and translation as a mediating tool for communication nationally as well as internationally. Based on this two-sided solution of translation, he believes that we can overcome the opposition between relativity and universality, center and periphery, and the dominant and the subordinate.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

This study examines the effects of student-centered project-based learning for the development of creative problem-solving skills, communication skills, critical thinking skills, and cooperation. A college students' creative personality test was used and pre-and post-test were performed. and TOEIC Speaking practice test by Educational Testing Service were selected to measure the English communication skills. The SPSS 18.0 was used and validated at a significance level of 5%. The result of this study shows that in the case of 'independence', the post-test average of the experimental group was statistically significant at the significant level (p<.01), which also showed statistically significant difference. There was statistically significant difference between the control group ($M=127{\pm}08.2$) and in the experimental group ($M=132{\pm}18.7$) applying project-based and problem-based convergent learning to English class were positively changed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

The focus of this study is on the new instructional and pedagogical application of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) with technology and by gender. Participants comprised 204 TEFL students in Korea. The study was conducted in the 2017 academic year. For this study, all participants attended English class using technology for three hours a week. Course syllabus, lecture notes, and other study materials were uploaded to the school website. Homework assignments, quizzes, and exams were also distributed through the website. To ascertain whether there are any differential effects from gender on learning English as a foreign language using technology, the quantitative materials included pre- and post-tests. This study also adopted qualitative methods, with structured interviews to obtain participants' comprehensive view of technology-assisted English lessons. Paired sample t-tests and independent t-tests were administered to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Findings show that both male and female students improved their English-speaking skills using technology. However, no gender difference was found in technology-assisted TEFL. Technology use for learning English also resulted in both genders' positive perceptions of language lessons. Based on these findings, this study yields practical implications for TEFL teachers in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

It has been about 20 years since the English subject was formally taught in public elementary schools in Korea. The present research aims to analyze the studies regarding 'primary English' implemented in Korea during the time period. I have investigated 6,467 theses or research papers in total that were published in Korea with the help of the corpus programs Utagger and WordSmith Tools. The results show that for the last 20 years the number of overall studies appears to have increased since the year 1997, although the recent trend seems to be in recession. The research scope ranges from 'teaching-learning interaction' to 'curriculum' and 'assessment', which have been steadily investigated for 20 years. Furthermore, researchers sometimes appear to have followed the English education policy by conducting particular investigations like 'immersion program' or 'native English speaking teachers' in a certain time period. Recently, researchers started to have interest in the cutting-edge ICT. In conclusion, the academic field of 'primary English' in Korea has grown in quantity, and the spectrum of research areas has been expanded for the past 20 years. It is hoped that the results of this research will help set a new direction for future research.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.112-119
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• 2019

This study examined the role of citizen advocates in advocating for people with developmental disabilities. Citizen advocacy refers to activities that advocate and represent citizens on behalf of those who are socially vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role concept of citizen advocates by conducting focus group interviews and dividing the 13 citizen advocates with developmental disabilities into 4 groups. It is divided into four main subjects and nine sub-themes. The main theme are 'Self-transformation of the parties', 'Restoring the rights of the parties', 'Being with the parties', and 'Expanding the world of the parties'. Sub-themes are 'Recognizing and solving the problem of self', 'Granting role to speak', 'Recovering the initiative of service use', 'Restoring the rights of existing (family and neighbor), "Preventing money harm" "Speaking instead", "Encouraging and petting people", "Promoting change in the community", and "Expanding the size of the world a little bit". Based on this, we discussed the importance of citizen advocacy as a preventive advocacy system, the relationship between citizen advocacy and professional advocacy system, the difference between volunteer and personal assistants and citizen advocacy, and considerations for citizen advocacy.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.3
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• pp.3-32
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• 2001

In this paper, local public archives is referred to the public archives of provincial governments and metropolitan city governments as defined in the public Records Management Act. Under the Act, as professional archives, the local public archives preserves records designated as permanent preservation which the local government and its sub-agencies created or received to conduct public business. The Act also allows local public archives to establish an appropriate basic plan to manage its holdings as well as to oversight its sub-agencies. The Act stipulates that the local public archives are to be established in all provinces and metropolitan cities. The local public archives shall preserve archival heritage safely and utilize use of the recorded information as defined in the Article one of the Act. The local archives shall respect the principle of provenance. It is expected that the local archives shall strengthen local archival promotion campaigns which necessarily reflect unique local circumstances. However, as the Act just recommended the establishment of local public archives not to force as a mandatory procedure, it resulted in a flow of some confusions and misinterpretations. Despite the act was proclaimed two years ago, the local public archives are not yet established, not to mention that no preparatory works are on the way. To establish the local public archives effectively which meet local residents needs and demands, provincial governments and metropolitan city governments should proceed a well-prepared preparatory works plan considering the steps to transform them into the local public archives when they establish agency records centers. The first step in this process is to reach at a common consensus on the functions and roles of the local public archives which accommodates local residents needs and demands. Secondly, by analyzing the functions of archives to be established, an estimation of needed human resources, facilities, equipments, organization, budget appropriation, and local rules should be performed. Otherwise, the establishment of decent local archives is a far remote future. One of the methods to proceed this project systematically is to establish a local research institute for the local archives and cultural studies which would be put under the local university authority while consulting with local governments, local civil organizations, local historical and cultural societies. It is very undesirable to stress too much upon administrative efficiency when concerned parties discuss the functions and roles of the local public archives. They must keep in mind that when the functions to collect and use historically valuable records are active then administrative efficiency can be raised as well as accountability. Collecting and arranging historically valuable records is a short-cut way to promote accountability and develop local political culture. The local public archives is a valuable community historical center and an effective medium to facilitate historical speaking and writing among local people, something more than a simple public archives. Then our campaign for the establishment of local public archives can be a meaningful political cultural movement.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.247-264
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• 2016

The Children's Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (CHILD) questionnaire has been applied for assessing listening and communication difficulties in various home situations for children with hearing loss. The purpose of the study was to translate the CHILD questionnaire for parents into Korean and verify reliability and validity of Korean version of CHILD (CHILD-K). CHILD-K was completed by 55 parents of children (from ages 3~12 years) using cochlear implants (CI). Among the 55 children, 27 were in preschool and 28 in elementary. Internal consistency reliability of CHILD-K was verified by Chronbach's alpha. The mixed factorial ANOVA was conducted to compare the effects of the age group and situation factors (Quiet, Noise, Distance, Social, and Media factors) on the score of CHILD. The results indicated that CHILD-K showed excellent internal consistency reliability (${\alpha}=.96$). The CHILD scores among age groups were significantly different as the older age group resulted in higher scores in all situations except Distance. For both groups the mean scores for the Quiet situation were significantly higher than other situations, and the mean scores for the Social situation were significantly lower than other situations. Moreover, analysis showed that children with CI had difficulties in the Social situation combined with other situation factors. The results indicate that the Korean version of CHILD questionnaire is a reliable tool for the assessment of communication abilities in home situation in Korean-speaking children using CI.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.485-493
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• 2018

Purpose: This study provides a treatment for central nervous system development in patients with chronic stroke by investigating changes in the upper limb function over time. The correlations among the activities, participation, and environmental factors of the international classification of functioning (ICF), disability and health are also examined. Methods: The subjects of this study are 18 patients with chronic stroke who were hospitalized and treated at 00 hospital in the Chungcheongbuk-do province. Their upper extremity functions are evaluated using the manual function test (MFT). The activities, participation, and environmental factors are evaluated using the ICF generic form. The correlations between the total scores of the affected and unaffected sides and the ICF items are analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. The significance level is p<0.05. Results: When the correlations between the activities and participation areas of ICF and the total score of the affected side of MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found in the following items: changing basic body position (D410), lifting and carrying objects (D430), moving around using equipment (D465), using transportation (D470), washing oneself (D510), caring for body parts (D520), and dressing (D540). When the correlations between the activities and participation areas of ICF and the total score of the unaffected side of MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found among writing (D170), speaking (D330), eating (D550), and drinking (D560). In addition, when the correlation between the environment area of ICF and the total score of the unaffected side of the MFT were examined, significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between products and technology for personal use in daily living (E115) and immediate family (E310). Conclusion: The MFT of patients with chronic stroke is closely correlated with the activities, participation, and environmental factors of ICF. This result suggests that ICF can be used as a useful tool to comprehensively evaluate the abilities of the patient, including the upper extremity function.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

Broadly speaking, in order to analyze the water quality improvement effects of the implementation of the Total Water Pollutant Management System in the Sapgy-Lake waterways, a reference was made to the [Plans for implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL)] in 3 cities (Cheonan, Asan, Dangjin). The results of the investigation into the plans to reduce the pollutant load show in that region show that there are plans to reduce pollution for a total of 16 reduction facilities. As for the result of the computation of the reduction in the load, these measurements were computed at the Gokgyo-stream basin and Namwon-stream basin, with BOD and T-P at the Gokgyo-stream basin reduced by 13.9 % and 13.3 %, respectively, while BOD and T-P at the Namwon-stream were reduced by 3.7 % and 3.3 %, respectively. In this way, thus using the results of the water quality forecast of Sapgyo-Lake in measures for the improvement of water quality (in accordance with the implementation of the TMDL), and using the QUAL-MEV model and EFDC model, it is noted that BOD will be improved by 26.4 % from 6.1 mg/L to 4.5 mg/L 0.0 %, T-P by 36.7 % from 0.168 mg/L to 0.107 mg/L and TOC by 26.4 % from 7.7 mg/L to 5.6 mg/L. However, it is forecasted that the targeted standards for the medium influence area will not be achieved. Evidently, Gokgyo-stream and Namwon-stream have been implementing the Total Water Pollutant Management System for the BOD items since January 1, 2019, but the Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream were excluded from being designated as subject regions. As such, it is noted now that it is necessary to implement the TMDL for the entire Sapgyo-Lake water systems including Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream in order to improve the water quality of Sapgyo-Lake, and likewise the T-P should be designated as the substance subjected to management in addition to BOD.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.5-27
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the media of middle school social studies 1 textbooks with the information processing model and to suggest educational information services of teacher librarians under a collaborative Instruction. For this purpose, 1,089 inquiry tasks embedded in 8 types of textbooks for middle school social studies developed under the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed. The media as an input element was analyzed by the type and the characteristic as a processing element was analyzed by the cognitive behavior types. And the aspect of the output factor of the media utilized the multiple intelligences. As a result of the analysis, the media in the inquiry task solving process mainly consisted of visual media based on photographs and illustrations and general reading materials. The processing method of media is understanding through analysis and inference through structuring. And the output utilized speaking and writing of the language intelligence. Based on the results, it is shown that educational information services that teacher librarians could provide for inquiry activities are composed of developing curriculum map, teaching inquiry processing and skills, and designing work sheets with graphic organizer and multiple intelligences under the information processing steps.