• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1993

This paper concerns with developing a simplified in-core fuel management scoping tool for PWR. For this purpose the point reactivity model is put into a fuel cycling decision code, FCYPRM. Modified Borresen's coarse-mesh diffusion theory and nodal expansion method are utilized to form a spatial neutron analysis code, CMSNAP. Numerical experiments are per- formed to determine a set of empirical shuffling rules for working out an automated fuel loading pattern search code, ALPS. The numerical examples are presented for verifying effectiveness and applicability of individual codes. By structuring and applying three codes for reload core design problem of a PWR, it is demonstrated that these codes provide an effective in-core fuel management scoping tool for PWR.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

Theorists of war have often used Clausewitz's trinity theory as a framework for analyzing war strategies and histories. Heretofore, studies on cyber warfare have focused primarily on laws, policies, structuring organizations, manpower, and training pertaining to preparing the cyberspace for war. Currently, studies highlighting the comparative characteristics of war in cyberspace, how it differs from conventional warfare, and analytical frameworks for understanding war in cyberspace are rare. Using Clausewitz's trinity theory, this paper interprets the essence of war from the perspectives of (1) Intellect, (2) Bravery, and (3) Passion, to propose an analytical model for understanding war in cyberspace, one that factors in the intrinsic qualities and characteristics of cyberspace under spatial and temporal constraints. Furthermore, this paper applies the aforementioned analytical model to the Iraq War and concludes with a theoretical illustration that cyber warfare played a significant role in winning the war.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.280-290
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• 2021

Population genetic studies of Hemileia vastatrix have been conducted in order to describe the evolutionary dynamics of the pathogen and the disease epidemiology as consequence of changes in disease management and host distribution occurred in Peru after the 2013 epidemic. These analyses were performed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS) of H. vastatrix collected from two coffee growing areas in 2014 and 2018. H. vastatrix population showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.9373 ± 0.0115) with a low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00322 ± 0.00018). Likewise, AMOVA indicated that fungus population has behaved as a large population without structuring by geographical origin and sampling years (F_ST = 0.00180, P = 0.20053 and F_ST = 0.00241, P = 0.19693, respectively). Additionally, the haplotype network based on intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of H. vastatrix using Peruvian and NCBI sequences revealed that Peruvian ancestral haplotypes, which were maintained in time and space, would correspond to the reported sequences of the races II and XXII. This result suggests that no substantial changes have occurred through time in Peruvian Hemileia vastatrix population.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

A challenging task in the LBS system engineering is to implement a highly scalable system architecture which can manage moderate-size configurations handling thousands of moving items as well as upper-end configurations handling distributed computing system architecture that consists of multiple data processors, each dedicated to keeping records relevant to a different geographical zone and a different time zone. In this paper, we explain a prototype location data server structuring major components of GALIS by employing the TMO programming scheme, including the execution engine middleware developed to support real-time distributed object programming and real-time distributed computing system design. We present how to generate realistic location sensing reports and how to process such location reports and location-related queries. Some experimental results showing performance factors regarding distributed query processing are also explained.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2003

Although the reuse of the cached data for scrolling the map reduces the amount of passed data between client and server, it needs the conversions of data coordinates, selective deletion of objects, cache compaction and object structuring step in the clients. The conversion is a time- intensive operation due to limited resources of mobile phones such as low computing power, small memory. Therefore, in order to control the map efficiently in the vector map service based mobile phones, it is necessary to study the methods which reuse cached objects for reducing wireless network bandwidth and overwhelming the limited resources of mobile phones as well. This paper proposes the methods of reusing pre-received spatial objects for map control in the mobile vector map service system based on client-server architecture. The experiments conducted on the Web GIS systems with real data show that the proposed method is appropriate to map services for mobile phone. We also analyze the advantages and drawbacks between the reuse of cached data and transmission of raw data respectively.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2015

The change towards meeting diverse customer needs has started to affect the hotel industry as well. Design hotels emerged as customers demanded differentiated lodging experiences they could not fulfill at franchise hotels which were uniform in style everywhere in the world. Design hotels are meant to provide a new concept of space through unique design sensibility and work of designers, which highlighted the role of interior design. This research analyzes the characteristics of indoor space expressed in design hotel common spaces by the French designer Andree Putman, also known as the founder of boutique hotels and the concept of design hotels. As the original founder of the concept of design hotels, Putman's scope of work stretches wide, from interior design to product design. She is also one of the few French designers with a modernist inclination. The research runs a review on previous literature, characteristics of design hotels according to design tendency, and the association with characteristics of indoor space designed by Andree Putman, followed by case analyses extracted by analyses on design characteristics of common spaces she has designed. The analysis reveals that she creates comfortable yet elegant space, using contrast and fusion arising from negotiation of design styles to interpret space, the sense of spatial balance and understated expression of order through symmetrical structures, diverse creation of space through geometric structuring, highlighting indoor space by utilizing lights as objects, and the heterogeneous harmony achieved by contrasting juxtaposition, and understated formativeness. It is expected that study results would be utilized as methods of new designs of interior space in design hotels.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

By the expanding of infrastructure caused by urbanization, new technologies are required to manage various kinds of facilities. GIS has been appraised as valuable technology for facilities management since the 1990s. Therefore, the long and mid term GIS construction plan has been established by the national government and the local government. Some facilities management systems have been built and developed for suppling user-friendly functions. From this point of view, the information system based on the video sequences is considered a more effective way to improve the defects of conventional GIS using the digital map or the image as the base map. Using the video sequences as a base map, the availability of the system ill be increased because the real world information can be furnished to the users. In this study, through the connection between the GIS data, the digital map and the attribute data, and the video sequences taken from the airship using the video geo-referencing and the object tracking, we developed the facilities management system as a prototype which can effectively manage the road utilities. We also presented potentialities of the suggested system for facility management based on the video sequences.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Background: Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short seed dispersal distance by ants as their seed distributor. It is known that many flowers of A. sieboldii depend on self-fertilization. Because these characteristics can affect negatively in genetic structure, investigating habitat structure and assessment of genetic structure is needed. A total of 27 individuals in a valley were sampled for measuring genetic diversity, genetic distance, and genetic differentiation by RAPDPCR. Results: The habitat areas of A. sieboldii metapopulation were relatively small (3.78~33.60 m²) and population density was very low (five to seven individuals in 20×20 m quadrat). The habitat of A. sieboldii was a very shady (relative light intensity = 0.9%) and mature forest with a high evenness value (J = 0.81~0.99) and a low dominance value (D = 0.19~0.28). The total genetic diversity of A. sieboldii was quite high (h = 0.338, I = 0.506). A total of 33 band loci were observed in five selected primers, and 31 band loci (94%) were polymorphic. However, genetic differentiation along the valley was highly progressed (G_st = 0.548, N_m = 0.412). The average genetic distance between subpopulations was 0.387. The results of AMOVA showed 52.77% of variance occurs among populations, which is evidence of population structuring. Conclusions: It is expected that a small-scale founder effect had occurred, an individual spread far from the original subpopulation formed a new subpopulation. However, geographical distance between individuals would have been far and genetic flow occurred only within each subpopulation because of the low density of population. This made significant genetic distance between the original and new population by distance. Although genetic diversity of A. sieboldii metapopulation is not as low as concerned, the subpopulation of A. sieboldii can disappear by stochastic events due to small subpopulation size and low density of population. To prevent genetic isolation and to enhance the stable population size, conservative efforts such as increasing the size of each subpopulation or the connection between subpopulations are needed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

Computed radiography (CR) systems, which convert an analog signal recorded on a cassette into a digital image, combine the characteristics of analog and digital imaging systems. Compared to digital radiography (DR) systems, CR systems have presented difficulties in evaluating system performance because of their lower detective quantum efficiency, their lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and lower modulation transfer function (MTF). During the step of energy-storing and reading out, a baseline offset occurs in the edge area and makes low-frequency overestimation. The low-frequency offset component in the line spread function (LSF) critically affects the MTF and other image-analysis or qualification processes. In this study, we developed the method of baseline correction using mathematical morphology to determine the LSF and MTF of CR systems accurately. We presented a baseline correction that used a morphological filter to effectively remove the low-frequency offset from the LSF. We also tried an MTF evaluation of the CR system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the baseline correction. The MTF with a 3-pixel structuring element (SE) fluctuated since it overestimated the low-frequency component. This overestimation led the algorithm to over-compensate in the low-frequency region so that high-frequency components appeared relatively strong. The MTFs with between 11- and 15-pixel SEs showed little variation. Compared to spatial or frequency filtering that eliminated baseline effects in the edge spread function, our algorithm performed better at precisely locating the edge position and the averaged LSF was narrower.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1331-1339
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• 2023

In support of the National ATM Reformation and Enhancement Plan (NARAE), a trajectory-based aviation weather service is under development through the NARAE-Weather project. Specifically, weather data presented in a standardized digital format facilitates the seamless integration of digital weather data with air traffic information. Thus, this paper introduces an approach that entails structuring numerical model data to integrate aviation weather information and flight trajectory data. The extraction results using structurally transformed data showed superior performance compared to the results extracted from the original data in terms of performance, and this research is poised to enhance the safety and efficiency of airline operations.