• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to make clear the indoor environmental efficiency and spatial function of the front balcony in apartments using responses from residents'. An interview survey carried out during the 14/sup th/∼24/sup th/ of January 2003, and a questionnaire survey was given during the 17/sup th/∼29/sup th/of January. Interviewees consisted of 31 residents living in renovated apartments, which had the front balcony added onto the living room. The respondents of the questionnaire survey consisted of 37 residents living in ordinary apartments with an existing front balcony. The residents living in ordinary apartments show relatively positive responses on the indoor thermal environment during winter, glare by daylight, and outdoor noise. The average heating charges of the renovated apartments came out to be more expensive than the ordinary apartments. In most renovated apartments, the living area converted from front balcony was used as the same functions ('space for drying the laundry', 'storage space', or 'space for cultivating of flower pots') of ordinary front balcony. From the results of this study, it is undesirable to renovate the front balcony as an addition to the livingroom.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2017

An innovative system for the alternative continuous wide spectral spatial heterodyne spectrometer (ACWS-SHS) is proposed. The relationship between the ACWS-SHS and the wide spectral spatial heterodyne spectrometer (WS-SHS) at the resolution limit, the spectral range, the grating diffraction efficiency and the interference fringes contrast ratio has been analyzed theoretically. Through the comparison of the theoretical analysis and simulation results, it is found that the two systems for the WS-SHS and the ACWS-SHS have the same resolution limit and spectral range, which are ${\delta}{\sigma}$ and ${\sigma}_{01}$, while in the ACWS-SHS system the critical diffraction efficiency of echelle grating is 68.39% and the critical contrast ratio of interference fringes is 0.4135, which is much better than the performance of the WS-SHS system. Therefore, the ACWS-SHS reduces the high requirements for the precision of equipment and expands the application field of SHS effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-136
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• 1997

Spatial data is collected on a regular Cartesian lattice. In this paper we consider the model indentification of spatial autoregressive(SAR) models using AIC, BIC, pattern method. The proposed methods are considered as an application of AIC, BIC, 3-patterns for SAR models through three directions; row, column and diagonal directions. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we test the efficiency of the proposed methods for various SAR models.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2001

The proliferation of the Internet and related technologies and applications has led to a new form of market place known as the electronic store. In this paper, we study competition between two shopping channels, an electronic store and traditional retailers. Based on the circular spatial market model, we derive the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of the efficiency of the electronic store. The result shows that the Stackelberg equilibrium is always superior to the Nash equilibrium for both channels. It is also shown that, in some cases, the electronic store has incentive to decrease its efficiency to gain more profit.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find out the design guideline for women's hospital focusing on the patient needs. This study is performed the literature review of the performance evaluation & spatial satisfaction. And then, the spatial characteristics of selected women's hospitals, which were recently built in Korea, were analyzed. This study is suggested in the spatial satisfaction evaluation model in order to the spatial evaluation performance elements of the patient needs. The evaluation model of space efficiency derived from this study is expected to be used for the actual guide to architecture of women's hospitals as substantial materials. Finally, the model is used to for the planning & design for the future women's hospital.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2017

This paper proposes a graph-theatrical approach to optimize spatial reuse by adopting a technique that quantizes the channel information into single bit sub-messages. First, we introduce an interference graph to model the network topology. Based on the interference graph, the computational requirements of the algorithm that computes the optimal spatial reuse factor of each user are reduced to quasilinear time complexity, ideal for practical implementation. We perform a resource allocation procedure that can maximize the efficiency of spatial reuse. The proposed spatial reuse scheme provides advantages in beamforming systems, where in the interference with neighbor nodes can be mitigated by using directional beams. Based on results of system level measurements performed to illustrate the physical interference from practical millimeter wave wireless links, we conclude that the potential of the proposed algorithm is both feasible and promising.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.49-57
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• 2006

Performance based seismic design is a very efficient method in evaluating the seismic capacity of building. In this study, the method estimating the performance point of the spatial structures based on capacity spectrum method(CSM) is proposed. And for efficient evaluation for the performance point of the spatial structures, the algorithm to convert spatial structural system to ESDOF system is proposed. Its efficiency is confirmed by comparing with time history analysis of full model. And dynamic behaviors of spatial structures are examined by using this method. At last, evaluation of structural performance according to variation of stiffness after plastic deformation is carried out.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.838-843
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• 2002

Recently, PDA and cellular phone with color LCD have been widely used in various fields by high efficiency and micro miniaturization technology. According to maturity of these mobile environments, user request about mobile application field is increased. Mobile applications provide various information which is concerned with user's position through cable and wireless transmission. This paper discusses the issues related to the mobile framework for integrated 4S data. The integrated 4S data mean spatial data fusion on GIS, SIIS, ITS, and GNSS. The mobile framework provides not only spatial data but also location services such as reverse geocoding, directory service, etc. It consists of client subsystem, service provider, and data provider.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.211-219
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• 2019

In magnetically coupled resonant (MCR) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the introduction of additional intermediate coils is an effective means of improving transmission characteristics, including output power and transmission efficiency, when the transmission distance is increased. However, the position of intermediate coils in practice influences system performance significantly. In this research, a three-coil MCR WPT system is adopted as an exemplification for determining how the spatial position of coils affects transmission characteristics. With use of the fundamental harmonic analysis method, an equivalent circuit model of the system is built to reveal the relationship between the output power, the transmission efficiency, and the spatial scales, including the axial, lateral, and angular misalignments of the intermediate and receiving coils. Three cases of transmission characteristics versus different spatial scales are evaluated. Results indicate that the system can achieve relatively stable transmission characteristics with deliberate adjustments in the position of the intermediate and receiving coils. A prototype of the three-coil MCR WPT system is built and analyzed, and the experimental results are consistent with those of the theoretical analysis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

Spatial variability is an inherent uncertainty of soil properties. Current reliability analyses generally incorporate random field theory and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) when dealing with spatial variability, in which the computational efficiency is a significant challenge. This paper proposes a KL-FORM algorithm to improve the computational efficiency. In the proposed KL-FORM, Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion is used for discretizing random fields, and first-order reliability method (FORM) is employed for reliability analysis. The KL expansion and FORM can be used in conjunction, through adopting independent standard normal variables in the discretization of KL expansion as the basic variables in the FORM. To illustrate the effectiveness of this KL-FORM, it is applied to a case study of a strip footing in spatially variable unsaturated soil under rainfall, in which the bearing capacity of the footing is computed by numerical simulation. This case study shows that the KL-FORM is accurate and efficient. The parametric analyses suggest that ignoring the spatial variability of the soil may lead to an underestimation of the reliability index of the footing.