• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 2010

'Pattern' is the term that is frequently used in the aspects of history, society, and science. It always appears in the remains or relics of the age of civilization when recording was started, and its evaluation and value differ by time. Patterns in the ancient civilization were symbolic, social, and spatially crucial. However, after the modernization, they were considered to be immoral and unnecessary, so the range of their significance came to reduce. Due to the development of science, ornament patterns lost the limitation of its range of use along with new interpretation of them. Especially with the advent of new scientific theories such as the evolution theory from the biological aspect, quantum mechanics, and super string theory, morphological possibilities more than the human scale perceived by men came to be discovered. Living organisms maintain their lives through patterns, structures, and processes in order to produce a system alive. Among them, patterns are the organization of relations determining the characteristics of the system. The present patterns may correspond to this meaning. The pattern in a space is the matter of how to relate the components after all. In a space, however, there are numerous components mingled with one another. If these tasks are conducted as analogue work, it will take a lot of time and effort. However, if digital media are utilized to perform the tasks like analysis, generation, or fabrication, it will produce a result with higher precision and efficiency. In this sense, parametric modeling is quite useful media. Opening morphological variation, it realizes more possibilities, connects conveniently the relations between complex components composing a space, and helps produce creative patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1477-1484
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes a robust method for object tracking based on Kalman filters algorithm and covariance matrix. As a feature of the object to be tracked, covariance matrix ensures the continuity of the moving target tracking in the image frames because the covariance is addressed spatial and statistical properties as well as the correlation properties of the features, despite the changes of the form and shape of the target. However, if object moves faster than operation time, real time tracking is difficult. In order to solve the problem, Kalman filters are used to estimate the area of the moving object and covariance matrices as a feature vector are compared with candidate regions within the estimated Kalman window. The results show that the tracking rate of 96.3% achieved using the proposed method.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.415-426
• /
• 2010

A Land cover map over East Asian region (Kongju national university Land Cover map: KLC) is classified by using support vector machine (SVM) and evaluated with ground truth data. The basic input data are the recent three years (2006-2008) of MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectriradiometer) NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data. The spatial resolution and temporal frequency of MODIS NDVI are 1km and 16 days, respectively. To minimize the number of cloud contaminated pixels in the MODIS NDVI data, the maximum value composite is applied to the 16 days data. And correction of cloud contaminated pixels based on the spatiotemporal continuity assumption are applied to the monthly NDVI data. To reduce the dataset and improve the classification quality, 9 phenological data, such as, NDVI maximum, amplitude, average, and others, derived from the corrected monthly NDVI data. The 3 types of land cover maps (International Geosphere Biosphere Programme: IGBP, University of Maryland: UMd, and MODIS) were used to build up a "quasi" ground truth data set, which were composed of pixels where the three land cover maps classified as the same land cover type. The classification results show that the fractions of broadleaf trees and grasslands are greater, but those of the croplands and needleleaf trees are smaller compared to those of the IGBP or UMd. The validation results using in-situ observation database show that the percentages of pixels in agreement with the observations are 80%, 77%, 63%, 57% in MODIS, KLC, IGBP, UMd land cover data, respectively. The significant differences in land cover types among the MODIS, IGBP, UMd and KLC are mainly occurred at the southern China and Manchuria, where most of pixels are contaminated by cloud and snow during summer and winter, respectively. It shows that the quality of raw data is one of the most important factors in land cover classification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2015

I paid attention to the fact that surrealism emerging in early 20th century has been resurfacing in the 21st century. It may be because of the increasing interest on the space showing the surrealistic features as people in these days prefer the experimental and dramatic space beyond repetitive daily life. I tried to identify the expressive characteristics in the interior space adopting the depaysement technique among a variety of expression techniques of surrealism. To this end, this paper selected 10 interior design projects by Fabio Novembre and Marcel Wanders since 2000s. As the methodology, chapter 2 examined the theories to identify the expression targets and approaches of depaysement around the art paintings. Next, the standard for case analysis in this paper was established by investigating the existing theses related to interior and space design with depaysement as the key word. The expressive characteristics of depaysement identified from the existing researches were classified into morphological, figurative, material and space program. Those programs were developed as the classification system in this paper. Chapter 3 described the design background and features of Fabio Novembre and Marcel Wanders. On the basis of the features and analysis framework identified in chapter 2 and 3, chapter 4 analyzed the features of depaysement observed in the works by both designers. The conclusion was presented in chapter 5. For the expressive characteristics of depaysement observed in the space by both designers, Novembre created optical illusion using distortion or overlap on the morphological aspect. Wanders showed mainly the feature of changing the scale. In accordance with the analysis on expression principles, the features including spatial continuity, ambiguity of border, visual amusement and uncertainty were differentiated in all spaces.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2015

With the increased quality of life, the meaning of houses is shifting from a functional space for the simple purpose of residing to a symbolic space representing life as personality. Starting with the advancement of IKEA into Korea last year, global brands are about to enter into Korea. As Korean brands are not certain about how to set their direction in the situation where global brands have rushed into the market, it was thought that a key to solve the problem could be found from the cases of the lifestyle stores of Japan, which is moving one step ahead of Korea. Considering the circumstances, the author limited the subjects of this study to the lifestyle stores that have already established their brand identity and have prominent expressional characteristics of interior design in Japan. Research and analysis were conducted through site inspection and books. As a study method, literature and previous research were reviewed to find the program characteristics of interactivity and participation, the spatial characteristics of accessibility and the expressional characteristics of symbolism, scene continuity and function complexity, as the basis for an analysis. The results of the analysis showed that Japanese lifestyle stores are appealing to consumers as the spaces with their own differentiated space composition and various programs, by establishing their unique concepts and explicit brand identity. It is expected that such expressional characteristics of interior design will be of help in defining the direction of interior design of Korean lifestyle stores in the future.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.147-163
• /
• 2000

The Buseok pluton in the Yeongju Batholith is a comagmatic plutonic rocks which haveconcentrically compositional zoning. The lithofacies of the Buseok pluton comprise hornblende biotite tonalite in the southern part of the pluton, porphyritic and equigranular biotite granodiorite in the northern part and biotite granite in the north-central part. The compositional variations change gradually with continuity both within and between the lithofacies. The concentrically zoned pattern is relatively mafic rocks composed of high-temperature mineral assemblages in margin of the southern part, passing inward and northward gradually to more felsic rock in core of the north-central part. Changes in the textures and microstructures, as well as in the mineral content, take place between rock types of the plutons. Darker colored, generally coarse-grained, well foliated tonalite pass inward to light colored, coarse-grained, poorly foliated granodiorite, and finally give way to lighter colored, medium-grained, nearly nonfoliated granite. The foliation are best developed in the marginal part of the tonalite. Here, the regional myolitic foliation in the tonalite is steep northward and parallels to its southeastern contact with the country rock, but the magmatic foliation from disc-shaped mafic microgranitoid enclaves is subvertical and parallels the contacts with the country rock. As the tonalite approaches biotite granite in composition, the foliation is indistinct. Modal and chemical data for the pluton show quantitative compositional variation from the margin of the southern part to the core of the north-central part. Quartz and K-feldspar increase toward the core of the pluton, whereas hornblende, biotite and color index decrease. /Abundances of $SiO_2$and $K_2O$$_2$O increase toward the core according to the variation in quartz and K-feldspar, whereas those of MnO, CaO, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO and $P_2O_5$ decrease corresponding to the variation in mafic and accessaries. The compositional zonation resulted from fractional crystallization involving downward settling of earlier crystals, accompanied by upward movement of melt and volatiles, and followed by accessary marginal accretion of crystalline material in the magma to the marginal part. Although a little crustal contamination by the wall rock is recognized from the isotope data, the contamination is not only dominated over but also appropriate for forming the compositional variation in the pluton.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.1128-1141
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes a method of moving object detection in crowded scene using clustered trajectory. Unlike previous appearance based approaches, the proposed method employes motion information only to isolate moving objects. In the proposed method, feature points are extracted from input frames first and then feature tracking is followed to create feature trajectories. Based on an assumption that feature points originated from the same objects shows similar motion as the object moves, the proposed method detects moving objects by clustering trajectories of similar motions. For this purpose an energy function based on spatial proximity, motion coherence, and temporal continuity is defined to measure the similarity between two trajectories and the clustering is achieved by minimizing the energy function in CRFs (conditional random fields). Compared to previous methods, which are unable to separate falsely merged trajectories during the clustering process, the proposed method is able to rearrange the falsely merged trajectories during iteration because the clustering is solved my energy minimization in CRFs. Experiment results with three different crowded scenes show about 94% detection rate with 7% false alarm rate.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2014

The main focus of this paper is to analyze trend of event informations in a variety of mass media by graphical visualization in axis of the time and location. Especially, continuity analysis based on user-generated social media can reflect the social impact of a certain event according to change time and location and their directional changes. To reveal the characteristics of continuous events, we survey the data set collected from news articles and tweets during two years. Based on case studies on 'disease' and 'leisure', we verify the effectiveness and usefulness of our proposed method. Even though some events occurred during same period, we showed directional changes which have high-impact in social media referred user interest's, compared with fact-based continuous visualization results.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 2015

This study aims to grasp the vital rhythm of the Chapel at Ronchamp by analyzing its rhythm through Henri Lefebvre's 'rhythmanalysis' in an effort to show the possibility of approaching the presence of this chapel. For the purpose of this study, Lefebvre's thought of rhythmanalysis was first contemplated, and a case study analysis was conducted on the concept and presence of the chapel in the design process. On this basis, examples of the chapel's rhythms were analyzed through Lefebvre's dialectical analysis of the triad of time(melody), space(harmony) and energy(rhythm). The results of analysis are as follows: First, the concept intended by Le Corbusier in the process of designing the Chapel at Ronchamp is expressed as the acoustic form, the modulor corresponding to the scale of the music, the light and shadow of counterpoint, and the opposite composition of musical changes. Consequently, the concept-mediated presence of this chapel is the presence of music. Second, at the Chapel at Ronchamp, a Lefebvre's rhythmanalyst experiences, or rather senses, two vital rhythms of an antithetical unity (i.e., acoustic curved rhythm and modulor-generated linear rhythm), with reference to his/her own rhythms. These rhythms are a dialectical union of spatiality of melodies temporalized through continuity, (i.e., acoustic curved form and modulor-generated linear form), and temporality of harmonies spatialized through simultaneity (i.e., light and shadow, materials and color, form of interpenetration, and stairs or windows/doors). These rhythms carry the measures generated by music-specific repetitions and differences in movements(energy). Consequently, the rhythm-mediated presence of this chapel is also the presence of music. In conclusion, the Chapel of Ronchamp indicates that an approach toward its presence can be realized through vital rhythms derived from Lefebvre's 'rhythmanalysis'. This study holds significance as an analysis of spatial rhythm and presence, employing a philosophical thought.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2012

The data centric storage (DCS) scheme is one of representative methods to efficiently store and maintain data generated in wireless sensor networks. In the DCS schemes, each node has the specified data range for storing data. This feature is highly vulnerable to the faults of nodes. In this paper, we propose a new recovery scheme for the lost data caused by the faults of nodes in DCS environments. The proposed scheme improves the accuracy of query results by recovering the lost data using the spatial continuity of physical data. To show the superiority of our proposed scheme, we simulate it in the DCS environments with the faults of nodes. In the result, our proposed scheme improves the accuracy by about 28% through about 2.5% additional energy consumption over the existing scheme.