• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.521-534
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• 2016

Ancient tombs are typically comprised of confined rooms, which have different spatial characteristics than the external environment because they are covered by heavy layers of soil. In this study, we examined the thermal energy flow from the outside to inside of Songsan-ri tomb No. 6. External heat flows slowly to the inside because of heavy soil layer, and the presence of several rooms and entrances. For this reason, it takes about two months for the air temperature to travel from the outside to the inside of the tomb. Interestingly, the gradational inflow of thermal energy from outside the tomb leads to delicate horizontal and vertical variations in the wall temperature. These micro-environmental differences occur in the inner tomb every year, so we can expect them to cause condensation with regularity. In addition, we show that the previously installed forced circulation air conditioning system risks fatal damage to the mural wall painting. The results of this research suggest an optimal air conditioning system and optimized space planning to conserve Songsan-ri tomb No. 6 and its mural painting.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

Looking at the changes in the earthquake of 33 years of South Korea, earthquake in the magnitude of 3.0 or stronger have been conducted about nine times a year on average, and the epicenter of the earthquake is moving towards the inland from the coast. As the possibility of earthquakes increase, it is time to require utilization of underground space integrated information for earthquake disaster prevention. But, now the data related to the characterization of the ground and geology in the areas weak against earthquakes is insufficient, so we need to collect new geology and the ground survey data on nationwide scale and have to establish earthquake disaster prevention plans through the joint use of the existing underground space information. In this study, we determined the scope of construction of underground space DB information that is needed for earthquake disaster prevention, presented the construction plan of DB static and dynamic information of underground space. It also suggested the utilization of underground space scheme information for built earthquake disaster prevention. The underground space information for earthquake disaster prevention that was built through determining the scope and constructing, planning the utilization of underground space information is supposed to used as DB of the integrated management system of underground space and steep slopes information for steep slopes and earthquake prevention by Emergency Management Agency.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.553-563
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• 2006

This study aims to produce land-cover maps of Korean peninsula using multi-temporal MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery. To solve the low spatial resolution of MODIS data and enhance classification accuracy, Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) was employed. LSMA allowed to determine the fraction of each surface type in a pixel and develop vegetation, soil and water fraction images. To eliminate clouds, MVC (Maximum Value Composite) was utilized for vegetation fraction and MinVC (Minimum Value Composite) for soil fraction image respectively. With these images, using ISODATA unsupervised classifier, southern part of Korean peninsula was classified to low and mid level land-cover classes. The results showed that vegetation and soil fraction images reflected phenological characteristics of Korean peninsula. Paddy fields and forest could be easily detected in spring and summer data of the entire peninsula and arable land in North Korea. Secondly, in low level land-cover classification, overall accuracy was 79.94% and Kappa value was 0.70. Classification accuracy of forest (88.12%) and paddy field (85.45%) was higher than that of barren land (60.71%) and grassland (57.14%). In midlevel classification, forest class was sub-divided into deciduous and conifers and field class was sub-divided into paddy and field classes. In mid level, overall accuracy was 82.02% and Kappa value was 0.6986. Classification accuracy of deciduous (86.96%) and paddy (85.38%) were higher than that of conifers (62.50%) and field (77.08%).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2019

This study analyzed the relationship of land cover type, urban temperature in Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. Date were used for land cover map, MODIS LST, and detailed temperature data on the Korean Peninsula based on RCP between 2000 and 2010. The correlation between urban area and surface temperature was 0.417, 0.512 for agricultural area and -0.607 for forest area. The correlation between surface temperature and air temperature was 0.301. The relationship with air temperature was analyzed as 0.275 for urban area, agriculture area 0.226, forest area 0.350. Urban and agricultural areas showed increased surface and air temperature as the area increased, while forest areas showed opposite improvements. In structural equation models, urban and agricultural areas had direct effects on the rise of surface temperature, whle forest areas had direct effects on the reduction of air temperature. In the future, it is necessary to use measured temperature data near the surface to understand the relationship between surface temperature and temperature according to the changes in spatial characteristics, which will prepare measures for urban heat island mitigation at the level of urban and environmental planning.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.367-385
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• 2021

This study examined changes in the energy landscape, focusing on the photovoltaic module carbon certification system. As the global photovoltaic market has been reorganized around Chinese companies, the South Korean government has pushed to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation's photovoltaic industry. However, a limitation remains in that the government-led effort was not sufficient to bring about dynamic changes in the energy landscape. Against this backdrop, this study explored the stages leading to the multi-level perspectives of "macro-environment, socio-technical regime, and niche" to track the process of the government and domestic photovoltaic companies as part of a socio-technical regime responding to global market changes. In particular, this study raised an issue with the conceptual discussion of multi-level perspective, which placed a particular emphasis on the rate of change at each level and the niche in which innovative experiments take place, and thus attempted to fill this gap by tracking the energy landscape that varies differently from space. These spatial discussions can track different carbon emissions coefficients and industrial characteristics for each country, and have a higher level of explanatory power for the system thus constructed. In addition, through discussions on the problems and implications of the government-led introduction of renewable energy policies, this study suggests the need to create and implement a field-oriented system.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2022

The Land Suitability Assessment is mandatory by National Land Planning and Utilization Act and the results are considered in the establishment of urban master plan and urban management plan. The study aims to examine whether the application of Land Suitability Assessment in developed urban areas is appropriate. A simulation analysis based on the Seoul's data of environmental ecological, physical, and spatial characteristics was conducted on urban green, the only applicable land for the assessment in Seoul. The results of the assessment shows that all pieces of lands in urban green is suitable for 'development'. This conflicts to the purpose of land use of urban green which needs to be conserved to protect the natural environment and landscape, animals and plants, environmental pollution, and urban sprawl. In the analysis applying optional indicators such as the distance from the area of Biotope Class 1 to prevent this conflict, the results shows little difference. This supports the necessity to review this regulation including an option to exclude developed urban areas such as Seoul in the assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

With a growing awareness, transportation is the maior source of urban air pollution. Planners and policy-makers are strongly urged to care the impacts of transportation management strategies on environment. Since transport-related air Pollution can be regarded as negative externalities of transport, it is indispensable to evaluate chanties in air quality which seems to occur when proposed transport measures are implemented. In addition, transport measures should be integrated in a set of combined Paradigm regarding transport and environment. Based on the integrated Paradigm between transportation demand management(TDM) and environmental planning, the main focus is given to apply environment cost internalizing measures to the short-term congestion management Program(SCMP) in Seoul, that has been developed in 1998 by Seoul Development Institute. Three modules are analyzed: without and/or with ￦500, ￦1000 emission plus gas tax, respectively. From the empirical applications on Seoul city, one of the most exemplary findings in SCMP program is that, emission plus gas tax can be a very useful measure to reduce vehicular emissions by targeting major Pollutants differently, rather than by dealing with pollutants collectively. Further research that provides (1)showing the spatial variation of pollution levels along the intersections, (2)more developing combined Paradigm between transport, land use, and environment, (3)using environmental road capacity rather than Physical-aspects of road capacity, and (4)continuing R&D on air quality constrained TDM, can contribute significantly to applications of the real and efficient environment-constrained transportation planning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

This study focused on a planned site located in Gosangol Village in Daegu Metropolitan City that aims to build an urban agricultural park combining urban agriculture and urban park for the sustainable realization of urban agriculture. Accordingly, this study has significance in two perspectives: firstly, suggesting development strategies to be considered when building an urban agricultural park as a theme park, and secondly, presenting guidelines for spatial programs and facilities to be introduced for actual applications. The results are as follows. Firstly, building an urban agricultural park fills a role as a local community space prompted by the demand-oriented evolution of urban parks, and agricultural behaviors to be incorporated in the theme. In this context, 'building an urban agricultural space focusing on sustainability', 'constructing green space systems focusing on agricultural landscape', and 'structuring leisure spaces for communications in the community' are presented as development strategies. Secondly, key functions that an urban agricultural park should have include production and trade of agricultural products on the production side, soil preservation, resource cycling and green space provision on the environmental side, leisure and experience, community vitalization, education, and social security on the social and cultural side, and entertainment functions, ecological functions, and protective functions as urban park functionality. Thirdly, key facilities needed when building an urban agricultural park include urban agricultural facilities other than park management facilities, landscape facilities, recreational facilities, sports facilities, educational facilities, and convenient facilities, and family gardens as the key facility of the urban agricultural park should be scaled in consideration of various purposes and behaviors of their use. This study has a limitation that the subject site was limited to a specific area but has significance in that it presented a planning model for the spatial structuring of park-type urban agriculture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

Wild boars(Sus scrofa) are expanding their range of behavior as their habitats change. Appearing in urban centers and private houses, it caused various social problems, including damage to crops. In order to prevent damage and effectively manage wild boars, there is a need for ecological research considering the characteristics and movement characteristics of wild boars. The purpose of this study is to analyze home range and identify land cover types in key areas through tracking wild boars, and to predict the movement connectivity of wild boars in consideration of previous studies and their preferred land use characteristics. In this study, from January to June 2021, four wild boars were captured and tracked in Jinju city, Gyeongsangnam-do, and the preferred land cover type of wild boars was identified based on the MCP 100%, KDE 95%, and KDE 50% results. As a result of the analysis of the home range for each individual, it was found that 100% of MCP was about 0.68km², 2.77km², 2.42km², and 0.16km², and the three individuals overlapped the home range, refraining from habitat movement and staying in the preferred area. The core areas were analyzed as about 0.55km², 2.05km², 0.82km², and 0.14km² with KDE 95%., and about 0.011km², 0.033km², 0.004km², and 0.003km² with KDE 50%. When the preferred land cover type of wild boar was confirmed based on the results of analysis of the total home range area and core area that combined all individuals, forests were 55.49% (MCP 100%), 54.00% (KDE 95%), 77.69% (KDE 50%), respectively, with the highest ratio, and the urbanization area, grassland, and agricultural area were relatively high. A connectivity scenario was constructed in which the ratio of the land cover type preferred by the analyzed wild boar was reflected as a weight for the resistance value of the connectivity analysis, and this was compared with the connectivity evaluation results analyzed based on previous studies and wild boar characteristics. When the current density values for the wild boar movement data were compared, the average value of the existing scenario was 2.76, the minimum 1.12, and the maximum 4.36, and the weighted scenario had an average value of 2.84, the minimum 0.96, and the maximum 4.65. It was confirmed that, on average, the probability of movement predictability was about 2.90% better even though the weighted scenario had movement restrictions due to large resistance values. It is expected that the identification of the movement route through the movement connectivity analysis of wild boars can be suggested as an alternative to prevent damage by predicting the point of appearance. In the future, when analyzing the connectivity of species including wild boar, it is judged that it will be effective to use movement data on actual species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2007

The mechanism of water pollution in Lake Shihwa, one of highly eutrophicated artificial lakes in Korea, has been studied using a numerical 3D physical-biochemical coupled model. In this study, the model was applied to estimate the contribution of land-based pollutant load to water quality of heavily polluted Lake Shihwa. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) was adopted as an index of the lake water quality, and the spatial distribution of an average COD concentration during the summer from 1999 to 2000 was simulated by the model. The simulated COD showed a good agreement with the observed data. According to reproducibility of COD, the high-est levels between 8 and 9 mg/L were shown at the inner site of the lake with inflow of many rivers and ditches, while the lowest was found to be about 5 mg/L at the southwestern site near to dike gate. In the pre-diction of water quality of Lake Shihwa, COD showed still higher levels than 3 mg/L in case of reduction of 95% for land-based pollutant load. This suggests that the curtailment of land-based pollutant load is not only sufficient but the improvement of sediment quality or the increase of seawater exchange should be considered together to improve a water quality in Lake Shihwa.