• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2020

In this study, the two-dimensional flow analysis model Hydro_AS-2D model was used to simulate the situation of flooding in Seongsangu and Uichang-gu in Changwon in the event of rising sea levels and extreme flooding, and the results were expressed on three-dimensional topography and the optimal evacuation path was derived using BIM technology. Climate change significantly affects two factors in terms of flood damage: rising sea levels and increasing extreme rainfall ideas. The rise in sea level itself can not only have the effect of flooding coastal areas and causing flooding, but it also raises the base flood level of the stream, causing the rise of the flood level throughout the stream. In this study, the rise of sea level by climate change, the rise of sea level by storm tidal wave by typhoon, and the extreme rainfall by typhoon were set as simulated conditions. The three-dimensional spatial information of the entire basin was constructed using the information of topographical space in Changwon and the information of the river crossing in the basic plan for river refurbishment. Using BIM technology, the target area was constructed as a three-dimensional urban information model that had information such as the building's height and location of the shelter on top of the three-dimensional topographical information, and the results of the numerical model were expressed on this model and used for analysis for evacuation planning. In the event of flooding, the escape route is determined by an algorithm that sets the path to the shelter according to changes in the inundation range over time, and the set path is expressed on intuitive three-dimensional spatial information and provided to the user.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

With high social demands for the diverse utilizations of forest lands, the illegal forest land use changes have increased. We studied change detection technique to detect changes in forest land use using an object-oriented segmentation of RED bands differencing in multi-temporal aerial photographs. The new object-oriented segmentation method consists of the 5 steps, "Image Composite - Segmentation - Reshaping - Noise Remover - Change Detection". The method enabled extraction of deforested objects by selecting a suitable threshold to determine whether the objects was divided or merged, based on the relations between the objects, spectral characteristics and contextual information from multi-temporal aerial photographs. The results found that the object-oriented segmentation method detected 12% of changes in forest land use, with 96% of the average detection accuracy compared by visual interpretation. Therefore this research showed that the spatial data by the object-oriented segmentation method can be complementary to the one by a visual interpretation method, and proved the possibility of automatically detecting and extracting changes in forest land use from multi-temporal aerial photographs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2008

Remotely sensed images from a satellite can be applied for detecting and quantifying spatial and temporal variations in terms of landuse & landcover, crop growth, and disaster for agricultural applications. The purposes of this study were to analyze topography using DEM(digital elevation model) and classify landuse & landcover into 10 classes-paddy field, dry field, forest, bare land, grass & bush, water body, reclaimed land, salt farm, residence & building, and others-using Landsat TM images in North Korea. Elevation was greater than 1,000 meters in the eastern part of North Korea around Ranggang-do where Kaemagowon was located. Pyeongnam and Hwangnam in the western part of North Korea were low in elevation. Topography of North Korea showed typical 'east-high and west-low' landform characteristics. Landcover classification of North Korea using spectral reflectance of multi-temporal Landsat TM images was performed and the statistics of each landcover by administrative district, slope, and agroclimatic zone were calculated in terms of area. Forest areas accounted for 69.6 percent of the whole area while the areas of dry fields and paddy fields were 15.7 percent and 4.2 percent, respectively. Bare land and water body occupied 6.6 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively. Residence & building reached less than 1 percent of the country. Paddy field areas concentrated in the A slope ranged from 0 to 2 percent(greater than 80 percent). The dry field areas were shown in the A slope the most, followed by D, E, C, B, and F slopes. According to the statistics by agroclimatic zone, paddy and dry fields were mainly distributed in the North plain region(N-6) and North western coastal region(N-7). Forest areas were evenly distributed all over the agroclimatic regions. Periodic landcover analysis of North Korea based on remote sensing technique using satellite imagery can produce spatial and temporal statistics information for future landuse management and planning of North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2022

Global warming causes climate change and increases extreme weather events worldwide, and the occurrence of heatwaves and droughts is also increasing in Korea. For the monitoring of extreme weather, various satellite data such as LST (Land Surface Temperature), TCI (Temperature Condition Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), VCI (Vegetation Condition Index), and VHI (Vegetation Health Index) have been used. VHI, the combination of TCI and VCI, represents the vegetation stress affected by meteorological factors like precipitation and temperature and is frequently used to assess droughts under climate change. TCI and VCI require historical reference values for the LST and NDVI for each date and location. So, it is complicated to produce the VHI from the recent satellite GK2A (Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A). This study examined the retrieval of VHI using GK2A AMI (Advanced Meteorological Imager) by referencing the historical data from VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) NDVI and LST as a proxy data. We found a close relationship between GK2A and VIIRS data needed for the retrieval of VHI. We produced the TCI, VCI, and VHI for GK2A during 2020-2021 at intervals of 8 days and carried out the interpretations of recent extreme weather events in Korea. GK2A VHI could express the changes in vegetation stress in 2020 due to various extreme weather events such as heatwaves (in March and June) and low temperatures (in April and July), and heavy rainfall (in August), while NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) VHI could not well represent such characteristics. The GK2A VHI presented in this study can be utilized to monitor the vegetation stress due to heatwaves and droughts if the historical reference values of LST and NDVI can be adjusted in a more statistically significant way in the future work.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.104-109
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• 2017

The flooding and deterioration of water quality caused by urbanization and climate change are becoming more serious. In order to respond to this, studies on low impact development (LID) technology, which is designed to restore the hydrological system of the urban basin to its natural state, have been actively pursued all over the world, The announcement of the low carbon green growth law, hydrophilic area special law, etc., highlights the importance of technology such as the LID method. However, whereas various developments have been made in relation to the current LID element technology, there has been little research designed to verify its effectiveness. In this study, we analyzed the optimum spatial distribution of pitcher fire pitcher packing in parking lots using the K - LIDM model to verify the effectiveness of the low impact development (LID) method in the early stages. Using the eight package scenario and the three rain intensity scenarios, it was found that the lower 40% pitcher packaging results in an approximately 90% spill reduction effect, as in the case of the whole pitcher's package. The confirmation of these analyses and experimental verification is expected to ensure that the actual pitcher packaging will be used as a basis for arranging LID facilities such as urban planning and housing development in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2015

This research selected Daegu Metropolitan City representing a combination of natural space and urban space for this case study. To achieve this, a prerequisite was to set up an optimal block size to evaluate landscape diversity of the research site by using a RPR-Area Curve. Further, landscape diversity evaluation was conducted based on land cover map by using FRAGSTATS to analyze spatio-temporal changes. Notably, this research regarded it as the most significant to set forth criteria in order to apply landscape diversity to the development plans of the newtown and outskirt of a city under high pressure development. Results derived from this research are summarized as follows. According to the results derived from establishing the optimal block size, a size about $2km^2$ was analyzed to measure landscape diversity of the research site. Also, according to the results derived from land diversity evaluation based on land cover map, land diversity was highly measured around urban stream such as Nakdong River and Geumho River, and in particular, the value of landscape diversity was measured considerably high around the urban parks. Results derived from analysis on spatio-temporal changes of land diversity demonstrated that a certain level of urban development exerted a positive effect on an increase in land diversity, but consistent urban development lowered a value of landscape diversity. Results derived from regression analysis to set forth the optimal urban space showed that an urban area of a space about $2km^2$ exerted a positive effect at a rate of about 0~43.3% and a negative effect at a rate about 43.3~100%. In conclusion, the results of this research are considered to provide important basic data for future urban and landscape planning. Nonetheless, as only the layout on the 2D plane was analyzed in this research, further research in future is required to complexly consider diverse factors such as height of structure and change in visible real area arising from geographical features.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the physical form of planting foundation of the parks and green spaces in the waterside of Korea and classified them into groups showing common features. It was clssified into 7 kinds of parks and green spaces of 27 waterside parks in Korea including landscape, ecology, art, shields, site boundaries, windbreaks, and soundproofing. As a result, the study was carried out on the detailed type and size estimation through the sampling survey of planting foundation of landscape and ecological type mounding which can be statistically analyzed. Landscape and ecological mounding have the characteristics of securing the ecological stability of the waterside planting areas and the diversity of planting landscape. It is possible to create a green landscape through various terrain changes such as enclosing, focusing, and panoramic view. The physical characteristics of ecological and landscape type mounding can be expressed as height, width, and length And physical data can appear in various forms and sizes depending on the purpose and function of the buffer effect of the land use in the waterside planting areas, the landscape creation, the ecological buffer. In this study, the range of the physical scale for landscape and ecological mounding of waterside parks and green spaces was calculated. The range of the mounding height was analyzed to be less than 1.25m and more than 1.25m and the average height was 0.74~1.08m and 1.75~2.75m respectively. In addition, the range of width of mounding was less than 6.13m, 6.13~17.5m, and more than 17.5m, and the average width of each was 3.45~4.95m, 7.05~10.85m and 31.54~51.54m respectively. The range for the length of mounding was less than 50m, 50~500m, and more than 500m. The mean length of each mounding was 34.0m, 116.3m and 955.8m. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between the waterside planting areas and the urban greenery in the purpose and function of landscape and ecological mounding. However, considering the average distance of 60m from the waterside and the average height of 1.26m, we can conclud that opened planting foundation is prefered to high mounding designs in waterside planting areas. It is expected that the results presented for the improvement of the logical and spatial value of the waterside parks and green areas planting foundation design can be served as the basic data helpful for practical application in landscape architecture planning and design.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

The river plan executes the role for prevention of disaster and protection of environment, and requires the surveying results with high accuracies for managing river, dam, reservoir which will be the major infrastructures. The purpose of this study is for comparing and analyzing the results of river surveying which is used widely for disaster management and construction industry support. The results are gathered by using LiDAR which is being used in Korea recently and by using Total station. Study area is chosen at upper area of Bukhan River which is located at Gangwon-do. Total 2 cross-sections of the two methods are extracted from the study area. The standard deviation of land part is about 0.017m which shows little difference between two methods, but the Airborne LiDAR results cannot survey the heights of the points accurately at the singular points with vertical structure and water body part. To overcome the problems through this study, there should be ways to survey the bottom river through transmission of water level within the same margin scope as land part and to survey detailed facilities used by laser exactly through continuous research and experiment. When implementation stage comes, this study expect that this document will be utilized variously for making decision in the area of planning and drawing of business and engineering not just for river regarding the major area or the area that people cannot access.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.644-657
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• 2020

As the development of urbanization has cause some environmental problems and natural disasters such as natural earthquakes and floods have brought about impact, designers have turned their attention to the independent prevention ability of urban ecosystems in face of environmental pollution and natural disasters, as well as its ability to adapt to the future. This study introduces 'elasticity theory' to discuss the practical application of elasticity design in landscapes and to solve the problem of lack of elasticity in space, which can provide more scientific reference meaning to create economic, cultural, and social values for space. After selecting 'The High Line' as the object, this paper investigates the previous theories and practical cases, and infers ecology, sustainability, diversity, and adaptability. And then this paper applies five components and analyzes the specific application of these five components of the landscape spatial elasticity strategy, and summarizes the application characteristics and influencing factors of elasticity design in 'The High Line' landscape planning. It can be known from the research that elasticity strategy which is reflected in the design process is the systematic management of landscape space. Elasticity design itself can strengthen environment quality and satisfy the requirements of the environment to defense external shocks so as to adapt to environment changes. Therefore, the elasticity design can strengthen the sustainable development of the city and establish a periodic recycle system.