• Title/Summary/Keyword: Spatial Durbin Model

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Analysing Spatial Usage Characteristics of Shared E-scooter: Focused on Spatial Autocorrelation Modeling (공유 전동킥보드의 공간적 이용특성 분석: 공간자기상관모형을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Sujae;Koack, Minjung;Choo, Sangho;Kim, Sanghun
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.54-69
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    • 2021
  • Policy improvement such as the revision of the Road Traffic Act are proposed for personal mobility(especially e-scooter) usage. However, there is not enough discussion to solve the problem of using shared e-scooter. In this study, we analyze the influencing factors that amount of pick-up and drop-off of shared e-scooter by dividing the Seoul into a 200m grid. we develop spatial auotcorrelation model such as spatial lag model, spatial error model, spatial durbin model, and spatial durbin error model in order to consider the characteristics of the aggregated data based on a specific space, and the spatial durbin error model is selected as the final model. As a result, demographic factor, land use factor, and transport facility factors have statistically significant impacts on usage of shared e-scooter. The result of this study will be used as basic data for suggesting efficient operation strategies considering the characteristics of weekday and weekend.

Transport Spillover Effect on Airport Networks and Its Impact on Regional Economy (운송 파급효과가 항공네트워크와 지역경제에 미치는 영향)

  • Xinchen Wang;Po-Lin Lai
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.35-52
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    • 2022
  • Air transport is at the core of global economic growth. There is a close relationship between the flow of regional elements and the growth of the regional economy. It is easy to misestimate the impact of airports on the regional economy without considering spatial spillover effects. This study attempted to establish an asymmetric economic geographical weight matrix by applying the Spatial Durbin Model with cargo volume and passenger numbers as indicators. The influence of spillover effects on the regional economy, including direct spillover effects and indirect spillover effects are studied. The results revealed that passenger numbers and cargo volume have significant positive spillover effects on the regional economy. The driving effect of the airport on the regional economy was considered from a wider space scope. This study contributes to the scientific evaluation of the aviation economy.

Numerical Study of Impinging Sprays Considering Anisotropic Characteristics of Turbulence (비등방성 난류특성을 고려한 분무의 벽면충돌 현상에 대한 수치해석 연구)

  • 고권현;유홍선;이성혁
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2003
  • It is an aim of this study to perform extensive numerical study for analyzing the anisotropic turbulence effects on spatial and temporal behaviors of diesel sprays after wall impingement. The turbulence model of Durbin is used for comparisons with the $k-\varepsilon$ model. The turbulence-induced dispersions of droplets are considered to describe the anisotropy of turbulence effectively and the spray/wall interactions are simulated using the model of Lee and Ryou. The present study investigates the internal structures of impinging diesel sprays such as Sauter mean diameter (SMD), loca1 droplet velocities, and local gas velocities and also compares the results predicted by two turbulence models with the experimental data. The Durbin's model considering the anisotropy of turbulence predicts both gas and droplet tangential velocities better than the$k-\varepsilon$ model does. It is concluded that the anisotropy of turbulence should be considered in simulating impinging diesel sprays.

Analysis of Determinants of Electricity Import and Export in Europe Using Spatial Econometrics (공간계량 방법론을 활용한 유럽의 전력수출입 결정요인 분석)

  • Hong, Won Jun;Lee, Jihoon;Noh, Jooman;Cho, Hong Chong
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.435-469
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    • 2021
  • The main purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of electricity import and export in 26 European Union countries using the Spatial durbin model(SDM). In particular, we would like to mainly explain it based on the amount of power generated by each energy source. Not just the usual way of constructing a weighting matrix based on contiguity, we adopt a weighting method based on the proportion of trade among countries with connected electricity systems. Moreover, the electricity systems of European countries are directly and indirectly connected, which is reflected in the weighting matrix. According to the results, nuclear power has a positive effect on exports and a negative effect on imports, and an increase in wind and solar power has a positive effect on both exports and imports by increasing power system instability. While Korea is unable to trade electricity due to geopolitical conditions, the results of this study are expected to provide implications for energy policies.

An Analysis of the Causes of Fine Dust in Korea Considering Spatial Correlation (한국의 미세먼지 발생요인 분석: 공간계량모형의 적용)

  • Kang, Heechan
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.327-354
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we conducted panel data analysis considering spatial correlation between regions, which were not considered in previous papers in analyzing the causes of fine dust concentration in Korea. Many existing researchers implicitly assume the independence of the effects of incomes and other explanatory variables of adjoining countries(or regions). Using panel data on fine dust concentration, this paper has established that existing EKC can be established even when considering the spatial correlation of the region, and when these effects are not taken into account, it can be underestimated or overestimated on the effects and causes of fine dust concentration.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Anisotropic Turbulence Characteristics on the Droplet Behaviors for Impinging Sprays (충돌분무의 액적 거동에 미치는 비등방성 난류특성의 영향에 대한 수치해석 연구)

  • Ko G. H;Ryou H. S
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.6-15
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    • 2003
  • It is an aim of this study to perform extensive numerical study for analyzing the anisotropic turbulence effects on spatial and temporal behaviors of droplet for impinging sprays. The turbulence model of Durbin is used for comparisons with the k-ε model. The turbulence-induced dispersions of droplets are considered to describe the anisotropy of turbulence effectively and spray/wall interactions are simulated using the model of Lee and Ryou. Present study investigates the overall and the internal structures of impinging diesel sprays such as spray shapes, radius and height of wall sprays, Sauter mean diameter (SMD), local droplet velocity, and local gas velocity and compared the results with experimental data by two adopted turbulence models. When the anisotropy effect of turbulence is included, better predictions for both gas and droplet tangential velocities are obtained, compared to the k-ε model. It is concluded that anisotropic effect of turbulence should be considered for simulating impinging diesel sprays.

Price Competition in Korean Retail Gasoline Market: Focusing on Spatial Effects (국내 주유소 시장의 휘발유 가격경쟁 분석: 공간 효과를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Hyung-Gun
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - This study conducts an empirical analysis on gasoline pricing of Korean retail gas stations focusing on spatial effects. Unlike previous studies, the study uses an official land price for a proxy of the importance of location, and also allows the spatial effects from other competing gas stations as well. Research design, data, and methodology - In collection of data, we obtain more abundant data than those of previous studies. The gasoline prices used in the study are 909,084 observations as daily data from January 1 to July 31 of the year 2016. A proxy for the land price is collected by linking official public land price data with address information on each gas station. For the estimation, the study employs the Panel Spatial Dubin Model to make the best use of the collected location information. Results - As expected, spatial properties of gas stations have significant effects on the gasoline price. As the price per square meter increases by 100 thousands won, the price of gasoline rises 9 won per liter. Among other characteristics, the price increases by 16 won per liter if the station has a convenience store, and about 5 won if it has a car wash service. Gasoline price in Singapore accounted for 26% of variations in domestic gasoline prices. SK Energy and GS Caltex are the top brands in terms of price. The study also finds prices and other important properties of competing gas stations have significant effects on others' prices. Prices of competing gas station have a positive relationship with those of others. If a competing gas station raises the price, the gas station also raises the price, and lowering the price lower the price. Among brands, GS Caltex has the greatest downward pressure on nearby gas stations. Conclusions - The study confirms that location value of gas stations affect their gasoline prices, and the prices of the competing gas stations also have a significant effects on their prices. It suggests that the prices in the competing retail areas tend to be synchronized with each other.

A Study on Manufacturing Aggregation And Carbon Emission Intensity: Application of Spatial Panel Regression (국내 제조업 집적이 탄소 배출 강도에 미치는 영향: 공간패널회귀모형의 적용)

  • Zhen Wu;Hyun-Chung Kim
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.157-175
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    • 2022
  • This study calculates agglomeration indices of manufacturing specialization and diversification in different regions of South Korea. Two types of agglomeration indices are introduced into the spatial durbin model (SDM) to analyzes the effects of manufacturing agglomeration in Korea on CO2 emission intensity. The subjects of this study are 17 regions of South Korea , and the research period is from 2013 to 2019. This study also uses partial differential to analyze the direct and spillover effect of specialization and diversification agglomeration on CO2 emission intensity. From the perspective of direct effect, the results reveal that specialization agglomeration is an important factor contributing to Korea's CO2 emissions. However, diversification agglomeration has an obvious CO2 emission reduction effect. From the perspective of spillover effect, this study finds that specialization agglomeration in one region can also contribute to CO2 emissions in nearby regions. However, the development of diversification agglomeration in one region can have CO2 emission reduction spillover effect on neighboring regions.

The Factors Affecting the Population Outflow from Busan to the Seoul Metropolitan Area (지역별 수도권으로의 인구유출에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구: 부산시 사례를 중심으로)

  • LIM, Jaebin;Jeong, Kiseong
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to review the trends of the population outflows in the metropolitan area of Busan and to investigate the factors that affect population out-migration to the Seoul metropolitan area. The following variables are considered for analysis: traditional population movement variables and quality of life variables, such as population, society, employment, housing, culture, safety, medical care, greenery, education, and childcare. The 'domestic population movement data', provided by the MDIS of the National Statistical Office, was used for this research. Out of the total of 57 million population movement data in the period 2012 - 2017, population outmigration from Busan to the Seoul metropolitan area was extracted. Independent variables were drawn from public data sources in accordance with the temporal and spatial settings of the study. The multiple linear regression model was specified based on the dataset, and the fit of the model was measured by the p-value, and the values of Adjusted R2, Durbin-Watson analysis, and F-statistics. The results of the analysis showed that the variables that have a significant effect on population movement from Busan to the Seoul metropolitan area were as follows: 'single-person households', 'the elderly population', 'the total birth rate', 'the number of companies', 'the number of employees', 'the housing sales price index', 'cultural facilities', and 'the number of students per teacher'. More positive (+) influences of the population out-movement were observed in areas with higher numbers of single-person households, lowers proportions of the elderly, lower numbers of businesses, higher numbers of employees, higher numbers of housing sales, lower numbers of cultural facilities, and lower numbers of students. The findings suggest that policies should enhance the environments such as quality jobs, culture, and welfare that can retain young people within Busan. Improvements in the quality of life and job creation are critical factors that can mitigate the outflows of the Busan residents to the Seoul metropolitan area.