• Spatial Information Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 1999

In this research, the operational principle and the internal algorithm of theodolite measuring systems are studied and coded for a new software, and the feasibility of the laser system for the above mentioned usage is studied by simulation set-up of the system in the laboratory environment, and for the theodolite system modules for the communication between theodolite and computer is implemented, the data collection and storage, the simultaneous photogrammetric ' bundle ' adjustment for the theodolite position and the target points are coded, compiled and tested. for the simulation set-up of the laser system extensive studies on laser sources and laser detectors are performed, the system composition for the system simulation in the laboratory environment is studied and implemented, and the beam fluctuation due to the environmental changes in the course of the laser beam, such as changes in current of wind or in temperature is experimented. According to Experiment on the Source of 17 meters interval and the Detector, Laser beam is almost doesn't depend on air How, but it is effected by variations of temperature and light. Selecting cloudy day and time without change of temperature, it was realized that it is possible to perform deformation measurement more than approximately 2mm precision.precision.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2015

A dramatic decline in the abundance of the scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) has been observed across most of its geographic range. In order to evaluate the influence of land cover patterns and their changes on scaled quail abundance, we examined landscape patterns and their changes from the 1970s to the1990s in two large ecoregions with contrasting population trends: (1) the Rolling Plains ecoregion with a significantly decreased scaled quail population and (2) the South Texas Plains ecoregion with a relatively stable scaled quail population. The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Land Use/Land Cover data were used to quantify landscape patterns and their changes based on 80 randomly located $20{\times}20km^2$ windows in each of the ecoregions. We found that landscapes in the Rolling Plains and the South Texas Plains were considerably different in composition and spatial characteristics related to scaled quail habitats. The landscapes in the South Texas Plains had significantly more shrubland and less grassland-herbaceous rangeland; and except for shrublands, they were more fragmented, with greater interspersion among land cover classes. Correlation analysis between the landscape metrics and the quail-abundance-survey data showed that shrublands appeared to be more important for scaled quail in the South Texas Plains, while grassland-herbaceous rangelands and pasture-croplands were essential to scaled quail habitats in the Rolling Plains. The decrease in the amount of grassland-herbaceous rangeland and spatial aggregation of pasture-croplands has likely contributed to the population decline of scaled quails in the Rolling Plains ecoregion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

Recently, the Korean medical system changed with diversification & specialization and the field of medical service is also specialized in these days. And healing environment is proposed as a general concept in the hospital architecture. There is a trend that a establishment of women's hospital is increasing as specialized type. In difference from general hospital, they are providing specialized and integrated services in response to the women's disease and demand. Particularly, Outpatient department space in women's hospital has been changed in terms of area, shape and program. However, there used to be not enough research efforts of responding these changes. This study includes the Outpatient department of s women's hospital in the form of small and medium sized building over a certain level in Korea. And the methods of the study adopted the theoric examination based concept and features of women's hospital, the abstraction of distinctions in the Outpatient department through the analysis of the drawing, and the analysis of distinctions in the Outpatient department of women's hospital with the structural space classified and the analysis of space relation. Therefore, the purpose of this is to study investigates and analyzes the spatial characteristics of the Outpatient department space in women's hospital through a analysis of case study. To conclude, the space composition can be classified into the entry space, the clinic space for patients, the support space of patients' check-up, the reception and waiting space, the rest and convenience space, and the link space in the Outpatient department of women's hospital. The level space can account for the waiting space type, the clinic office type, the type based on the relation between the waiting room and the clinic office with its features. As a result, the results will be applied for the planning & design for the future women's hospital.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.164-173
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the aesthetic thought and expression tendency appeared in contemporary architecture by looking at today's architectural art based on the concept of the uncanny that Sigmund Freud contended as an aesthetic principle, of the aesthetic concepts tossed around to define the contemporary times in the aesthetics field and discuss the architectural analysis possibility of the concept of the uncanny. The generation structure of the uncanny that generates experiences of fear and surprise is classified into dual structure, trauma, threatening structure, and repetition compulsion. This is the principle that evokes a sense of experiencing subject, incorporates sensibility, and vitalizes internal process. This is also the methodology to organize and structure the concept of the uncanny. When seen from the four factors drawn from the concept of the uncanny and aesthetic expressions, the uncanny expression characteristics of contemporary architecture includes isolation, subversion, trace, absence, oblique line, flotation, concealment, and disturbance. Isolation and subversion refers to producing the space of the pressure of tension and relaxation caused by repression and relief from repression and eliciting the maximum expansion of the sense of space through spatial change. Trace and absence indicates being able to elicit more intense emotions from the experiencing subject by applying the images of alienation and absence in the way to reproduce historical trauma. This happens by implementing the potential value of physical activity. Oblique line and flotation means visual impulse. This happens in the way to visualize uneasy points. This causes uncanny by threatening the survival. Finally, concealment and disturbance refers to creating unpredictable space. The concept of masquerade and maze space composition are applied in the way to activate spatial perception, including space exploration and unintended subject's forced selection. As stated above, the uncanny expression characteristics shown in contemporary architecture can be presented as indicators that are available to analyze the undecided and diversified contemporary architecture aesthetically. In this respect, this study has great significance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.spc1
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• pp.214-222
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• 2006

Dominant species of macrobenthos were analyzed based on differentiation of three distinct methods: the density based method, the biomass based method and LeBris method, by considering the frequency of occurrence using quantitative data collected over 5 years (1993-1998) at 21 stations in Chonsu Bay. Sedimentary environments as well as species composition and diversity showed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The ranks of dominant species as determined by the density based method were more similar to the results by the LeBris method than to those from the biomass based method. Considering the temporal variation, LeBris method were more efficient than any other methods for the determination of dominant species in Chonsu Bay. Lumbrineris longifolia, Theora fragilis, and Moerella jedoensis were recognized by all three methods. A one-way analysis of variance indicated spatial distributions patterns among most of the dominant species. These species showed positive correlations to sedimentary parameters such as mean grain size. However, T. fragilis and Paraprinospio pinnata showed the temporal patterns in their distribution, and were also correlated to the benthic environment, organic content and dissolved oxygen. Some dominant species, e.g., T. fragilis, S. scutata, G. gurjanovae proved to be useful benthic indicators based on the environmental variations determinated by long-term benthic ecological monitoring in Chonsu Bay.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.704-715
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• 2012

To examine temporal and spatial variation in salinity and nutrients in the shallow pore water of intertidal sandflats, we measured salinity and nutrient concentrations (dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN], phosphorus [DIP], and silicate [DSi]) in pore water of the intertidal zone along the coastline of Jeju Island at two and/or three month intervals from May 2009 to December 2010. Geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], and acid volatile sulfur [AVS]) in sediment were also investigated. The surface sediments in intertidal sandflats of Jeju Island were mainly composed of sand, slightly gravelly sand and gravelly sand, with a range of mean grain size from 0.5 to 2.5 ${\O}$. Concentrations of IL and COD in sediment were higher along the eastern coast, as compared to the western coast, due to differences in biogenic sediment composition. Salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water were markedly different across time and space during rainy seasons, whereas concentrations were temporally and spatially more stable during dry seasons. These results suggest that salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water depend on the advective flow of fresh groundwater. We also observed an imbalance of the DIN/DIP ratio in pore water due to the influence of contaminated sources of DIN. In particular, nutrient concentrations during rainy and dry seasons were characterized by high DIN/DIP ratios (mean-127) and low DIN/DIP ratios (mean-10), respectively, relative to the Redfield ratio (16) in offshore seawater. Such an imbalance of DIN/DIP ratios in pore water can affect the coastal ecosystem and appears to cause outbreaks of benthic seaweed along the coastline of Jeju Island.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2014

National street has become one of open space for enhancing environmental qualities of city and country. In the developed countries such as France, U.K. U.S.A are designed symbolic malls, squares and street which are represented the historicity, culture and symbolic place. For place identity, we analyzed the relationship between element and user satisfaction in Sejong Avenue, Gwangwhamun Square. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, ANOVA and correlation. Results of this study are as follows, i) factor analysis is carried out to extract spatial components and satisfaction. The satisfaction concerning transportation access was the higher than other factors, ii) user satisfaction was strongly correlated on the spatial elements, iii) user showed high user perception to study site. Results of this study can identify representative street management plan based on landscape elements and user satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2013

Spatial distributions of alloying elements of an Fe-based amorphous ribbon with a nominal composition of $Fe_{75}C_{11}Si_2B_8Cr_4$ were analyzed through the atom probe tomography method. The amorphous ribbon was prepared through the melt spinning method. The macroscopic amorphous natures were confirmed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Atom Probe (Cameca LEAP 3000X HR) analyses were carried out in pulsed voltage mode at a specimen base temperature of about 60 K, a pulse to base voltage ratio of 15 %, and a pulse frequency of 200 kHz. The target detection rate was set to 5 ions per 1000 pulses. Based on a statistical analyses of the data obtained from the volume of $59{\times}59{\times}33nm^3$, homogeneous distributions of alloying elements in nano-scales were concluded. Even with high carbon and strong carbide forming element contents, nano-scale segregation zones of alloying elements were not detected within the Fe-based amorphous ribbon. However, the existence of small sub-nanometer scale clusters due to short range ordering cannot be completely excluded.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics between the type of daily routine and spatial configuration of activity areas in classroom and provide alternatives for space planning of activity areas in classroom of child-care centers. This study used the content analysis on daily activity plan and floor plans through field survey. Analysis on floor plans was conducted for 35 classrooms in 9 child-care centers which allowed field survey. The results of this study were as follows; There was no significant difference for classroom size according to the type of daily routine in 3 to 5-year-old classrooms. The average size of classrooms was $61.6m^2$ for care oriented type, $41.4m^2$ for indoor activity oriented type and $48.8m^2$ for group activity oriented type. There was no significant difference in composition of activity areas in classrooms according to the type of daily routine. In case of 0 to 2-year-old classrooms, they were composed of 6 activity areas including gross-motor, role play, block building, language, creative expression, exploration/manipulation. Activity area of the most low frequency was gross-motor area. In case of 3 to 5-year-old classrooms, most classrooms were composed of all the 7 activity areas including art, tone and rhythmic, block building, role play, language, math and science. Most accessible and central areas in 0 to 2-year-old classrooms were gross-motor and role play. Also, most separate areas were exploration/manipulation and block building. Most accessible and central areas in 3 to 5-year-old classroom were art and math. Also, most separate areas were tone and rhythmic and science.