• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1980

The optimal conditions for the protoplast isolation from the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Baecdong) were determined in order to achieve a somatic hybridization between two species. It was revealed that the use of 0.5M sorbitol as an osmoticum was appropriate for pea. The yield of intact protoplasts was the highest (40%) when pea leaves were incubated in the enzyme solution for 4 hours. In case of barley, the optimal concentrations of cellulase, pectinase and mannitol as the enzyme solution were 2%, 1% and 0.35M, respectively. And the yield of barley protoplasts was the highest(87%) when leaves were incubated in this enzyme solution for 3.5 hours. A fusion of protoplasts from pea and barley was induced by PEG treatment enriched with calcium salts within 60 minutes.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 1988

The effects of ammonium ion and glutamate on CO2 fixation abilities and related carbon metabolism were investigated in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle) leaf discs under conditions favoring photorespiration (21% O2, 0.03% CO2) and nonphotorespiration (5% O2, 0.03% CO2). A concentration of more than 10 mM of NH4+ decreased the photosynthetic CO2 fixation and those inhibitory effects were more remarkable in 21% O2 than in 5% O2 conditions. The effect of glutamate on CO2 fixation was found to be independent of the O2 level, as glutamate increased the CO2 fixation under both 21% and 5% O2 conditions. L-methionine-dl-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of glutamate synthetase, however, inhibited the CO2 fixation markedly under 21% O2, but did not affect it under 5% O2 conditions. The treatment with NH4+ elevated the relative amounts of 14C incorporated into soluble components from 14CO2 with no relation to O2 levels, while glutamate increased 14C into insoluble components and neutral sugars. Glutamate, especially, seemed to stmulate the biosynthesis of starch under 5% O2 condition. These results indicated that NH4+ stimulated the degradation of sugar or starch and this proposal was confirmed by the increasing of pyruvate kinase activity in leaf discs treated with ammonium ion.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2012

Mural Art는 빛의 색채 반응과 몰입, 확산 작용을 통하여 다양한 이미지를 나타내게 할 수 있는 디자인 작업이다. 본 논문은 천연 보석의 광학 현상을 Mural Art에 적합한 Digital Pattern으로 형성하고, 보석 및 광물의 광채와 작품 디자인과의 연관성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 작품 디자인의 상호(관련) 작용에 나타난 새로운 가능성을 광채가 아름다운 울트라 마린(Ultramarine)과 스펙트럼(Spectrum)의 색채 예술로서 벽면에 기초하여, 고해상도 Image의 그래픽 디자인으로 표현하고, 지속가능한(3D) Simulation의 Interior(Presentation) Modeling으로 활용하여 보았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 1989

완두(豌豆) 유묘(幼苗)줄기의 추출물(抽出物)에서 silica gel column chromatography, TLC, HPLC 등으로 분리(分離)하고 여러 가지 정색반응(呈色反應)을 행한 결과 tryptophan, indole-3-acetaldehyde, IAA, indole-3-aldehyde를 확인(確認)할 수 있었다. 여기서 확인(確認)된 indole화합물(化合物)들을 근거(根據)로 볼 때 완두유묘(豌豆幼苗)에는 tryptophan${\rightarrow}$(?)${\rightarrow}$indole-3-acetaldehyde${\rightarrow}$IAA${\rightarrow}$indole-3-aldehyde로 이어지는 대사계(代謝系)가 존재(存在)할 수 있음을 추정(推定)할 수 있었다. 한편, IAA-당(糖) 복합체(複合體)로써 IAA-rhamnose와 IAA-glucose가 완두 유묘에 분포함을 잠정적으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

Intra- and inter-specific protoplast fusion of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Virginia 115) and pea (Pisum sativum cv. Sparkle) were carried out in highly inhomogeneous alternating electric fields. Under the electric field of alternating current (AC, sine wave), 600 V/cm and 800 kHz for tobacco protoplast, and 600 V/cm and 700 kHz for pea protoplasts, the protoplasts were aggregated in pearl chains. Intra-specific protoplast fusions were most effectively induced within the aggregates of tobacco and pea, respectively, by the additional application of a single high field pulse of direct current (DC, square wave) at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. Inter-specific fusions between protoplasts of the two plants were most effectively induced in the electric field of 600 V/cm and 700 kHz, and square wave pulse at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. The duration of the pulse over the electrical breakdown voltages was simulated from 1 to 100 $mutextrm{s}$ in both tobacco and pea protoplast. The yield of the electrofusion products was significantly high (above 60%), compared with that (20%) of the standard fusion method by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4,000, and the viability of electrofused protoplasts was above 70%, but that of PEG-fused protoplasts 8~16%, when determined by Evan's blue staining method.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2019

Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of important legume crops in the world. It is commonly used as a protein source for animal and human diet, and also used as a natural nitrogen source which is produced by a symbiotic bacterium in their root nodule and helpful for terrestrial ecosystem. The successful in vitro manipulation is depended on three main factors including physiology of plant donor, in vitro manipulation approach, and stress physiology during plant cultivation. Moreover, genotype is an important for plant manipulation; different genotype gives the different response to regeneration efficiency. An efficient condition of shoot induction for pea (Pisum sativum cv. 'Sparkle') was developed by using optimum explant, plant growth regulator concentrations, and pretreatment of BA onto explant. The average shoot number per explant showed the highest on two kinds of shoot induction media (MSB5 media containing 2 mg/L BA and a combination of 2 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L TDZ) with cotyledonary node explants culture. Moreover, the pretreatment of explant in 200 mg/L BA solution was found to be more effective in shoot induction than that of non-pretreatment. The analysis of genetic stability of regenerants by using 13 ISSR markers presented that in vitro regenerated plants showed polymorphism with 8.3% compared with their mother plants.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제11권
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• pp.11-17
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• 1993

완두에 있어서 보다 효율적인 형질전환 방법을 모색하고 형질전환된 개체를 얻고자 본 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 형질전환은 발아중인 완두의 생장점(shoot tip)을 제거한 다음 T-DNA내에 GUS gene과 neomycin phosphotransferase II gene이 들어있는 binary vector를 가진 Agrobacterium tumefaciens를 생장점을 제거한 부위에 감염시켰다. 감염 후 새로 형성된 shoot는 개체당 4~5개였으며, 그중 GUS유전자가 발현하는 shoot만을 정상적인 식물체로 분화 시켰다. 감염부위에서 형성된 shoot에서의 GUS유전자의 발현빈도는 10%내외였다. 이들 개체로 부터 genomic DNA를 분리하여 Dot blot hybridization분석 결과 T-DNA가 식물체 내에 존재함을 알 수 있었고, 수확한 종자를 발아시켜 Sorthern blot hybridization한 결과 T-DNA가 다음세대로 전달되었음이 확인되었으며 형질전환율은 2%이내였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 노출 시간을 달리해 촬영한 두 장의 HDR 사진을 LCD, CRT 같은 LDR 장치에 출력할 수 있도록 융합하는 알고리즘에 대해 기술하였다. 제안된 기법은 레이디언스 맵을 만들지 않고 직접 입력 영상에 대해 계산된 가중치를 이용해 융합한다. 가중치는 처음에는 화소 단위로 만들어져 추후 가우시안 함수로 혼합된다. 이러한 작업은 급격한 가중치 변화로 발생할 수 있는 스파클 잡음을 방지하고 두 영상 정보의 연결 부분을 부드럽게 만드는데 기여한다. 색상 정보의 융합은 RGB와 이들의 평균값과의 차이를 이용해 두 영상의 색차 정보를 가중평균하여 이루어진다. 본 알고리즘은 두 원본 영상에서 포화되지 않은 부분을 잘 표현하고 포화, 불포화 영역간의 연결이 부드러운 특징이 있다. 제안된 기법은 2장의 사진만을 사용하고 영상에 따라 자동으로 내부 인자를 조절하기 때문에 향후 이중 노출이나 이중 센서 셀을 이용한 HDR 카메라에 내장하여 자동화 처리가 가능한 장점이 있다.