• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2014

We propose Cryptonemia asiatica sp. nov. from Korea and Japan. We used molecular analyses of plastid-encoded rbcL and morphological observations to resolve the taxonomic identities of C. lactuca from Korea, C. luxurians from Japan, and C. seminervis from Spain. Specimens of C. lactuca and C. luxurians fell within the same molecular phylogenetic clade (with 100% bootstrap support) and were clearly separated from specimens of C. luxurians collected from the type locality in Brazil. Our analyses demonstrated identical molecular sequences between C. seminervis specimens from Spain and C. lomation specimens from France. Morphological characteristics of the new species, C. asiatica include prominent midribs through the mid thallus, a cortex 4-6 cells thick, and a blade with undulate margins. Molecular evidence indicates that specimens from Korea and Japan previously assigned to C. lactuca and C. luxurians, respectively, should be reassigned to Cryptonemia asiatica. Binomial C. luxurians from Brazil should be resurrected as the independent species of Cryptonemia.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-74
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• 2007

As the characteristics of national economy is getting more complicate, the value of exposition is regarded as of great importance day by day. The world's Products Exhibition in which our companies and organizations take part is held all abound world, we also held the international exposition and Products Exhibition. In foreign countries, there are a lot of special organizations relate with the exposition and Products Exhibition display, which play the role to coordinate and mediate the display. Display space of exhibition must achieve functional role that can accomplish communication with spectator as well as function as place that possess products of accumulative value. Therefore, we must establish effective communication exhibition plan by position and form of display space as well as property of Products Exhibition, display contents, exhibit program to achieve purpose of Products Exhibition. We will can grope contents and method for successful exhibit through Products Exhibition that is connected form and position of exhibit between exhibit space of such Products Exhibition and we may achieve purpose of Products Exhibition.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.15-30
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• 2005

The increasing amount of structures presenting distress due to reinforcement corrosion is urging the establishment of more accurate calculation methods for the service life of concrete structures. In the present paper, a summary of the different approaches is presented that are able to calculate the expected life of new structures, in certain aggressive environments or the residual life of already corroding structures. The methods for the initiation period are based on the proper calculation of the carbonation front or chloride penetration and on the steel corrosion rate. The methods for the residual load-bearing capacity calculations are based in the use of ' indicators ' or in the evaluation of the reduced section and a structural recalculation.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-141
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology useful for identifying links between the postwar novels of Spain and Korea. We analyze the lives and actions of the characters from Nada by Carmen Laforet, and Writing on blank paper by Oh Sang Won. The characters in these novels demonstrate the challenge of adapting to the harsh reality of life because of the psychological or physical scars of war: characters such as Jungsub and Jungseo in Writing on blank paper and Juan and Andrea in Nada finally overcome their difficulties thanks to a shared sense of existential conscience and a steadfast fighting spirit; others, like Jungyun and Roman, surrender to the struggle and commit suicide, tragically succumbing to the bitter harshness of reality. Through the analysis of these novels' characters, we can empathize with the common tragedy of war-time life and death; we gain perspective on the destruction of both society and people caused by war.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2008

A Purpose. As organizations become more team oriented, research on teams continues to increase especially involving how teams contribute to organizational performance and effectiveness. Although there has been existing research on Kaizen teams in the private sector, very little research has included Kaizen teams in the public sector. In this paper, we present a method to study Kaizen teams in a local Spanish government that have been using Kaizen teams for more than ten years. Design/methodology/approach. Quantitative research was adopted for this study. Twenty teams participated in the study by filling out the Team Learning and Development Inventory (TLI) proposed by Lingham (2004). In addition, we interviewed members of the teams in order to clarify and assure our quantitative results. Findings Based on the findings, we propose that Kaizen teams should practice both Continuous (CI) and Process Improvements (PI) in their projects. We also propose that Kaizen teams should not be teams skilled only at developing better improvement processes (both CI and PI) for the organization but that such teams should also be skilled at engaging in team development using both CI and PI processes internally-a Kaizen within Kaizen teams approach. Research limitations. Its based in one case study. However, it is working paper and the research project still is developing. Practical Implications (if possible). Serve as a guide to practitioners (Public managers) who desire to understand how their Kaizen teams involves both internal (conversational spaces) and external (methodology) perspectives that would contribute to both team and organizational effectiveness. In this paper, we focus on the Internal Processes (both CI and PI) using the TLI as an effective method for Kaizen teams to engage in the Kaizen process. Originality/value. This study is one of the first to look at team's performance using Team Learning and Development Inventory in Spain's public sector. It is also the first to mention about the relationship of the team's performance and the implementation of process improvement methodologies in Spain local government environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.735-746
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• 2020

This research is defined as a study regarding on structured and systematized of existing literature review of the intersection between intellectual property management, management and technology transfer offices (TTOs). It takes a deeper look at requirements within universities, scientific institutions and the business environment should be interconnected with each other. The literature review shows that TTOs have control over the process of knowledge transfer and they have contributed to improving the efficiency of the use of production and human resources. In this paper, authors proposed the methodological tools based on methodology model, which identified success factors for using project management in TTO between two countries - Kazakhstan and Spain. Further, we used methodology is focused on solving the problems of quantitative analysis based on the use of primary data, which allowed us to reach a huge number of respondents without any restrictions, and secondary data from statistical database. Findings and results are summarized at the end of article show that Kazakhstan is following the path of the Spanish experience. However, Kazakhstan can become more successful in commercializing scientific technologies and transferring knowledge and technologies. In turn, Spain can use the data from our analysis to work on barriers and improve the activities of TTOs.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

이 글의 목적은 19세기이래 스페인의 국가발전과 관련하여 지역주의가 어떻게 전개되어 왔는가를 살펴보는데 있다. 지난 2세기 동안 스페인의 지역주의는 국가발전에 적잖은 영향을 미쳤다. 한편으로 강력한 지역주의의 재흉은 스페인의 국민형성에 구조적 취약점으로 작용하였을 뿐 아니라, 바스크, 카탈루냐, 갈리시아 등 주변부의 영역적 민족주의 운동이 성립하는데 중요한 계기가 되었다. 하지만 다른 한편으로 지역주의는 지역담론과 문화적 접근을 통하여 국가의식을 강화하는데 기여하였다. 따라서 지역주의에 관한 통념과 달리, 스페인의 지역주의는 국민국가의 형성에 대립하면서도 동시에 보완하는 독특한 성격을 보여주었다. 지역주의의 오랜 역사적 발전과정은 프랑코체제를 거쳐 1970년대 후반 민주적 전환기에 지역분권화를 바탕으로 한 국가체제의 형성으로 귀착되었다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.167-189
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• 2011

In modern Spanish culture, there is not other cineaste who has explored the controversial topic of sexuality deeper and more reiterative ways than Pedro $Almod{\acute{o}}var$. In our opinion, $Educaci{\acute{o}}n$> fundamentally, is a metaphoric work about the corruption of the Catholicism during Francisco Franco regime in Spain. This movie is a brilliant and solid critic to the abuses suffered by a child in a religious school during the Franco regime. This movie is about the forbidden desire in Catholicism and the tragic end of a priest. Father Manolo sexually abused one of his students at the school; as a result, this student loses his sexual identity and ends up ruining his own life due to using drugs. Eventually he is revenged by his younger brother. On this movie, $Educaci{\acute{o}}n$>, Pedro $Almod{\acute{o}}var$ portrays a sentiment of anticlericalism and blasphemy against God and Jesus Christ through a story which contains homosexual scenes and direct quotations of biblical cites, such as the expulsion of the merchants and sellers out of the temple in Jerusalem in the Mathew gospel to insinuate Jesus'lack of charity and love to others. We conclude that Almodovar's description of the fallout of this priest, caused by his forbidden desire, is not only beyond anti-Catholicism but it can also be seen as an actual reflection of the cultural and sexual change in the European and, in particular, Spanish society.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.217-239
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• 2008

본 논문의 목적은 영국, 스페인의 연구결과를 바탕으로 바젤 II의 도입에 따라 한국에서도 경기순응성이 존재할 것인가에 대해 분석하는 것이다. 소매금융자료의 제약으로 한국의 경우 자기자본비율의 분모에 해당하는 위험가중자산과 경기순응성간의 상관관계, 그리고 자기자본비율과 경기순환간의 상관관계를 토대로 분석한 결과 경기순응성이 나타날 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 한국의 경우 이와 같은 거시적 변수의 추세만을 가지고 자기자본의 경기순응성을 판단하는 것은 한계가 있다. 앞으로 소매금융에 대한 분석자료가 더 많이 축적될 경우 영국이나 스페인의 경우와 같이 보다 더 체계적인 분석모형을 이용하여 판단해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 정책적 시사점을 유도하기 위해 필요자기자본의 산출과정(Pillar I), 감독기관의 점검과정(Pillar II), 그리고 시장규율(Pillar III)에 대해 살펴보았다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제9권
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• pp.1-9
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• 1991

도입(導入) 마늘인 상해조생(上海早生)과 스페인계(系)를 대상으로 1990년산(年産)을 시장(市場)에서 구입(購入)하여 구중(球重)의 크기별로 나누어 구(球)의 해부적(解剖的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였고 이들을 포장(圃場)에서 재배(栽培)하여 수확후(收穫後) 역시 구중(球重)을 크기별로 나누어 구(球)의 해부적(解剖的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 구형(球型)은 두 계통(系統) 다같이 구(球)가 큰것 일수록 편평형(扁平形)을 나타내었다. 2. 구당(球當) 인편수(鱗片數)는 구(球)가 큰것 일수록 인편수(鱗片數)는 증가(增加)하였으며 동일(同一) 크기의 구(球)에서도 스페인계(系)는 상해조생(上海早生)에 비하여 구(球)당 인편수(鱗片數)가 많았다. 3. 외층(外層)과 내층(內層)의 인편수(鱗片數)의 비교(比較)에서는 상해조생(上海早生)은 1990년산(年産)의 외층(外層)에 착생(着生)된 인편(鱗片)이 많았으나 1991년산(年産)의 구중(球重) 35g 이하에서는 내층(內層)의 인편수(鱗片數)가 많았다. 스페인계(系)에서는 1990년산(年産)의 구중(球重) 40g 이상에서는 내층(內層)의 인편수(鱗片數)가 많았으나 1991년산(年産)에서는 구(球)의 크기에 관계없이 외층(外層)의 인편수(鱗片數)가 많았다. 공시(供試) 두계통(系統) 다같이 구(球)가 큰것일수록 외층(外層)에서나 내층(內層)에서 착생(着生)된 인편(鱗片)의 수(數)가 증가(增加)하였다. 4. 일차인편수(一次鱗片數)와 총인편수(總鱗片數)의 차이(差異)는 두 계통(系統) 다같이 매우 적어 이차생장(二次生長)은 매우 적었으나 상해조생(上海早生)은 스페인계(系)보다 이차생장(二次生長)이 많은편 이었다. 5. 스페인계(系)와 상해조생(上海早生)의 1990년산(年産)에서는 외층(外層)의 인편중(鱗片重)이 내층(內層)의 그것보다 뚜렷이 무거웠으나 상해조생(上海早生)의 1991년산(年産)에서는 이러한 경향(傾向)이 뚜렷하지 않았다. 6. 두 계통(系統) 다같이 소구(小球)에서는 인편(鱗片)의 크기의 범위가 좁고 대구(大球)에서는 인편(鱗片)의 크기의 범위가 넓었다. 구(球)당 인편(鱗片)의 크기별 수의 빈도(頻度)는 구(球)의 크기에 관계없이 중간 크기의 인편(鱗片)에서는 그 빈도(頻度)가 많았으며 대구(大球)일수록 큰 인편의 수가 많았다. 동일(同一) 크기의 구(球)에서는 상해조생(上海早生)이 스페인계(系)보다 인편(鱗片)이 컸다.