• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.589-609
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to show that lexical equivalency in translation can be achieved when it is based on semantic prosodies of lexical items. This paper examines the semantic prosodies of two seemingly synonymous English adjectives ‘empty’ and ‘blank’ on the basis of the corpus given in Cobuild English Collocations on CD-ROM and proposes that they are different in terms of spatial dimensions. Thus when a Korean equivalent pin derived from the verb pita is translated into English, syntagmatic phraseological environments of the Korean adjective must be taken into account to attain the equivalency of the source and target languages. Relevant Korean corpus was taken from the 21st Century Sejong Plan (2002). Out of 12 examples of pin konggan, five appear to be equivalent to ‘blank’ and seven to ‘empty.’ The five to seven ratio in different usage indicates that the equivalency problem concerning the lexical item pin is not a trivial matter in translation.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1023-1039
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• 2012

The rising urban space in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century was an exemplary site of struggles between the dominant white population and those who migrated from the imperial peripheries. By setting up the space of Chinatown as a segregated sphere within the urban space, the dominant white American society attempted to recreate the sense of distance between themselves and the racial "others." Accordingly, the dominant narrative representations of San Francisco Chinatown at the turn of the century endeavored to produce and maintain the spatial dichotomies between the orderly spaces of natives and the disruptive immigrant communities within the larger boundary of modern American city space. As a Eurasian woman writer, Sui Sin Far attempted to provide distinctive portrayals of the space of Chinatown and its inhabitants that were far different from those of her contemporaries. Through her portrayals of San Francisco Chinatown in her collection of short-stories, Mrs. Spring Fragrance and Other Writings (1912), Far challenges against the false stereotypes and misreading of this unique immigrant space within and efforts to present the Chinatown as a heterotopic diaspora space where the "insiders" and the "outsiders" of the American urban space intermingle and influence each other.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

The finger language is the part of the sign language, which is a language system that expresses vowels and consonants with hand gestures. Korean finger language has 31 gestures and each of them needs a lot of learning models for accurate recognition. If there exist mass learning models, it spends a lot of time to search. So a real-time awareness system concentrates on how to reduce search spaces. For solving these problems, this paper suggest a hierarchy HMM structure that reduces the exploration space effectively without decreasing recognition rate. The Korean finger language is divided into 3 categories according to the direction of a wrist, and a model can be searched within these categories. Pre-classification can discern a similar finger Korean language. And it makes a search space to be managed effectively. Therefore the proposed method can be applied on the real-time recognition system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the time about three times than general HMM recognition method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

This study reviews the process of creating the patterns through the Christopher Alexander's books to discover the fundamental rules for creation of the pattern language. The essential ideas of 11 rules describing the characteristics of the pattern language are organized by keyword depending on the characteristics of each rule. Then, this study analyzes which keyword was applied importantly and how it had been developed chronologically in the Alexander's books. As a result, 5 keywords - reflection of cultural difference, reflection of human desires, solving the repeated problem, function suitable for principal purpose, and network structure - are applied to his early books in which the pattern language was theoretically developed, the pattern of traditional society was discovered and the network structure was developed. Another 5 keywords - user participation method, new problem solving, structure preserving transformation, post-mechanization method, and central invariant structure - are applied to the books in his mid-term after completion of the pattern theory which discover new pattern for contemporary society and apply the pattern language to time and space. In his later books which organize the theory of pattern language and suggest the direction for using the pattern language, 5 keywords - wholeness, post-mechanization method, user participation method, new problem solving, and structure preserving transformation - are applied. Users may use the pattern language more precisely if he/she considers the keywords of the early period in searching the patterns of existing environment, the keywords of the intermediate period in searching the patterns of new environment or in regard to time and space, and the keywords of the later period in considering direction of the application of the pattern language.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

To complete the appropriate pattern language as a planning tool for suburban houses in Korea, this study reviews the characteristics in applying the pattern language to suburban houses in Korea by creating the pattern application examination chart regarding 110 patterns in architecture and evaluating and analyzing 24 examples in terms of the applicability of the patterns, the results of which are as set forth below. Firstly, when grouping the upper 31 patterns by similar characteristics, it was distinguished by the characteristics relating to (i) securing of lighting and viewing; (ii) placing of buildings and space and adjustment of inside and outside privacy through such placing; (iii) placing of proper motion line and functions of adjacent space according to such motion line; and (iv) determining of important space such as personal room, area for couple or children, staircase, entrance, hallway, etc. Secondly, when analyzing the reasons that the lower 41 patterns have not been applied, it was characterized by (i) the work space not suitable for suburban houses or the patterns suitable for commercial space; (ii) the patterns not suitable in Korea due to cultural differences; and (iii) the patterns whose applicability cannot be confirmed due to the limitation of examples and materials used in this study. Thirdly, the analysis of each pattern group (A through M) revealed that the pattern groups D and G are rarely related to suburban houses and J and M are patterns whose applicability cannot be determined in this study. Another characteristics is that the pattern groups B, E, F, I and L which obtain high scores in applicability are importantly reflected in planning for suburban houses in Korea. Fourthly, this study renders the average score of applicability, and the applicability rate, of the examples and confirms the number of the patterns applied in confirmity, patterns partially or potentially applied and patterns not applied at all.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.1601-1608
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• 2001

Digital library is the most important database system that needs information retrieval engine for natural language documents and multimedia data. This paper describes the experimental results of information retrieval engine and browser based on natural language processing. It includes lexical analysis, syntax processing, stemming, and keyword indexing for the natural language text. With the experimental database ‘Earth and Space Science’ that has lots of images and titles and their descriptive text in natural language, text-based search engine was tested. Combined with content-based image search engine, it is expected to be a multimedia information retrieval system in digital library

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.254-261
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• 2005

This paper presents an attempt to develop a visual programming language-based 3D virtual reality authoring tool intended to compose virtual interior space. The rapid development of digital technology and the wide spread of the Intenet have expanded the different uses of virtual reality in a number of applications ranging from interior design to building maintenance. In particular, the construction of cyber spaces based on existing interior spaces is becoming increasingly important. Current research, however, remains at the level of converting 3D models into virtual reality models, despite practitioners' needs for structural space models. Moreover, commercial tools to build virtual reality space have the disadvantage of targeting people who have professional knowledge of computer programs and computer graphics. Accordingly, the 3D virtual reality authoring tool developed in this research - called the VESL system - enables virtual and structural space to be easily composed using intuitive and interactive visual interfaces, which are based on visual programming techniques. The VESL system also provides an XML based semantic description of interior space, to be used to describe interior space information. We anticipate that the virtual reality spaces composed by this system will be of considerable use in the fields of architecture and interior design. Further research issues identified at the end of the research include developing a converter/filter for transforming Internet virtual reality standard language, or VRML, and evaluating the application of the system for practical use.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to explore basic type of character of humans and to suggest a design method of establishing a spatial construction environment for developing effective learning ability based on such type of character. As a range of research, spatial formative language was deduced and space design strategy for the children was suggested through an analysis of spatial requirements by exploring connectivity depending on features of 9 types of character through Enneagram. As a method of research, a process of suggesting a concrete method after defining an element of spatial construction and deducing a formative language for developing and strengthening effective learning ability for each type of character. As a result of research, the methods of children space design strategy for enhancing learning ability for leadership in a future specific fields were suggested through 9 different type of character with image of case study.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

This paper describes several approaches to transform a speaker's individuality to another's individuality using frequency warping between bilingual formant frequencies on different language environments. The proposed methods are simple and intuitive voice conversion algorithms that do not use training data between different languages. The approaches find the warping function from source speaker's frequency to target speaker's frequency on formant space. The formant space comprises four representative monophthongs for each language. The warping functions can be represented by piecewise linear equations, inverse matrix. The used features are pure frequency components including magnitudes, phases, and line spectral frequencies (LSF). The experiments show that the LSF-based voice conversion methods give better performance than other methods.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

This paper describes three modules for development of the Space Frame Integrated Design System(SFIDS). The Control Module is implemented to control the developed system. The Model Generation Module based on PATRAN user interface enables users to generate a complicated finite element model for space frame structures. The Optimum Design Module base on a branch of combinatorial optimization techniques which can realize the optimization of a structure having a large number of members designs optimum members of a space frame after evaluating analysis results. The Control Module and the Model Generation Module Is implemented by PATRAN Command Language(PCL) while C++ language is used in the Optimum Design Module. The core of the system is PATRAN database, in which the Model Generation Module creates information of a finite element model. Then, PATRAN creates Input files needed for the analysis program from the information of the finite element model in the database, and in turn, imports output results of analysis program to the database. Finally, the Optimum Design Module processes member grouping of a space frame based on the output results, and performs optimal member selection of a space frame. This process is repeated until the desired optimum structural members are obtained.