• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of enhanced UV-B on growth and differential responses among cultivars in soybean. The soybean cultivars subjected to enhanced UV-B irradiation at daily dose of 11.32 kJ $m^{-2}(UV-B_{BE})$ revealed that the growth was significantly depressed. Plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight were inhibited by UV-B irradiation showing differential responses among cultivars used. Danyeubkong seems to be less sensitive to the enhanced W-B irradiation, while Keunolkong more sensitive. Reduction of chlorophyll content was also found significantly greater to Keunolkong. Specific leaf weight an index of leaf thickness, and flavonoid content known as UV-absorbing compounds were significantly Increased in Danyeubkong by UV-B, but those In the other cultivars were not significantly affected. The results indicated that there are cultivar diferences in tile growth and phisiological responses to the enhanced UV-B irradiation and specific leaf weight and UV-absorbing compounds in the leaves were highly related to the sensitivity of soybean by UV-B irradiation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.5 s.86
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• pp.444-450
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• 2005

The present study was designed to investigate whether traditional Korean fermented soybean paste(doen-jang) and soybean extracts have inhibitory effects on the growth of KB cell, an oral epithelioid cancer cell. When KB cell ATCC CCL-17 was cultivated for 48 flours with the addition of 0.5% of the five types or doen-jang extract, the growth of KB cell was inhibited by all types of extract, and ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibitory effect. In case of soybean extract, all types of extract also showed KB cell inhibitory effects, however, generally less than those of doen-jang extract. When ethyl acetate extract of doen-jang was added in different concentrations and KB cell was cultivated for 24 hours and 45 hours, strong inhibitory effect began to appear from the concentration of 1.25 mg/ml. Although soybean extract showed such a tendency, its effect was lower than that of doen-jang extract. These results indicate that doen-jang extract has inhibitory effect against KB cell, and particularly ethyl acetate extract has the highest effect. The effect of doen-jang extract might be possibly enhanced by the fermentation of soybeans. It is assumed that doen-jang extract may be used to develop nontoxic medicines for preventing and treating oral diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2001

Thirty-three bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the rotten soybeans and soybean sprouts to isolate pathogenic microorganisms which cause soybean sprouts rot during soybean sprouts cultivation. In pathogenicity tests of the isolates on soybean sprouts, two isolates(K-17 and K-28) caused soybean sprouts rot and were identified as Erwinia carotovora and Fusarium sp., respectively. To isolate antagonists aganist K-17 and K-28 pathogens, bacteria were isolated from various soybean-cultivated soils and screened by the inhibition zone method. A bacterial isolate(J-232) which inhibited growth of both pathogens was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens and further examined. The culture filtrate of P. fluorescens J-232 (dilution rate of 500 times) inhibited the growth of Erwinia carotovora K-17 and Fusarium sp. K-28 both on potato dextrose agar medium and on soybean sprouts cultivated in vessel. The development of soybean sprouts rots was observed during cultivation by inoculation of soybean seeds with culture filtrate of both pathogens. The combined inoculation of soybean seeds with culture filtrate of antagonistic bacterium and that of pathogens prevented soybean sprouts rot, and the growth of soybean sprouts was similar to that of control. The soybean sprouts inoculated with antagonists culture filtrate alone did not develop soybean sprouts rot, and the growth of the seedlings was shown to be slightly promoted as compared with that of control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

This study assessed the effects of a dietary non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) source on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of grower-finisher pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) rice-soybean meal-based control diet and 2) rice and non-GMO soybean meal-based diet. In the experiment 1, 60 growing pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 23.76 ± 3.42 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 6 pigs·pen^-1 (5 replications) for 6 weeks. In experiment 2, 48 finishing pigs (initial BW = 64.31 ± 6.17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups with 4 pigs·pen^-1 (6 replications) for 6 weeks. Measurements were the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G : F), and nutrient digestibility. The growth performance was measured at the beginning and end of each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by chromium oxide as an indigestible marker during the last 7 days of each experiment. During the grower period, pigs fed the diet containing the non-GMO soybean meal had a higher (p < 0.05) ADFI than those fed the control diet; however, there were no differences between the dietary treatments in the ADG, G : F, and ATTD. Moreover, the dietary treatments did not affect the ATTD and growth performance of the finishing pigs. In conclusion, the inclusion of non-GMO soybean meal in the diet had no negative effects on the growth rate and nutrient digestibility, indicating that non-GMO soybean meal can be used in diet formulations with other feed ingredients and be a substitute for conventional soybean meal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2011

Establishment of mechanized soybean production system without herbicide is required for organic soybean production in recent. Effects of mechanized soybean planting with partial tillage between growing rye living mulch, which was sown in April or early May, on weed suppression, soybean early growth and yield were investigated with different rye sowing dates and locations in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Effect of rye living mulch on weed suppression at 40~50 days after soybean planting was high as much as 70~90% regardless of rye sowing dates. In particular, a strong suppression effect on the occurrence and growth of Echinochloa crus-galli which occupied 60~80% of total weed biomass was observed. Rye living mulch sown on April 9, of which biomass was more than that sown on April 27, inhibited soybean early growth severely and reduced soybean grain yield in 2007. However, soybean grain yield was no t reduced despite suppression of early growth of soybean plant by living mulch sown during from late April to early May compared with conventional planting. Rye sowing before late April was not proper considering tendency of weed occurrence in spring because of unfavorable changes in weed suppression, early growth and grain yield of soybean according to amount of living mulch.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

It is reported that a fermented soybean food, Doenjang, has srong antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of Chungkookjang, another traditional popular Korean soybean fermented food, on growth of cancer cells: HL-60, SNU-638 and MCF-7, and also its in vivo antitumorigenic effect in DMBA-induced mammary tumor rat model. For the in vitro study, Chungkookjang and steamed soybeans were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractioned with 5 kinds of solvents differing in grades of polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Almost all Chungkookjang extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 (human leukemic cancer cell), SNU-638 (human gastric cancer cell) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell) when compared to steamed soybean extracts. Butanol fraction of Chungkookjang extract especially showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in all the three kinds of cancer cells. To induce a mammary gland tumor, DMBA (50 mg/BW) was administered to 50 day-old female rats and followed by Chungkookjang or steamed soybean supplemented diets. Freezedried Chungkookjang powder (20% of diet in wet weight) was added to AIN-93G based diet for the Chungkookjang group of rats. Likewise, steamed soybean powder containing equal protein content to that of Chungkookjang powder was supplemented to soybean group of rats. At 13 weeks later, the mammary tumor incidence, average tumor number and tumor weight a rat were lower in Chungkookjang group compared to the control or soybean group. In conclusion, Chungkookjang showed a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as a more preventive effect against chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, while steamed soybeans did not. Therefore, these results suggest that Chungkookjang acquire its anticancer activity through the fermentation process.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate effect of mungbean sprout and soybean sprout against the growth of spoilage microorganism (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Listeria monocytogenes). After blanching at different conditions, the viable cells of the spoilage microorganisms were increased with storage time, but the viable cells were almost same after treating with either mungbean sprout or soybean sprout. The viable cell population in minimal broth treated with filtrate of mungbean sprout was higher than that of soybean sprout after 24 hr. However, the growth of spoilage microorganism in filtrate of mungbean sprout and soybean sprout was depending upon strain type. During incubation for 72 hr at $25^{\circ}C$, the color change of mungbean sprout was appeared moderately, but in soybean sprout it was appeared clearly at 24 hr. These results indicate that the effect of mungbean sprout and soybean sprout against growth of spoilage microorganism was not different.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.104-118
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG $VI{\sim}VII$ showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG $0{\sim}III$. Protein content was higher in MG $0{\sim}III$, and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$, seed crack and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$, seed crack and days to flowering in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and seed weight in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, purple seed and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$, purple seed and seed weight in MG $VI{\sim}VII$, phomopsis and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, and phomopsis and purple seed in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG $0{\sim}III$. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$ and MG $IV{\sim}V$, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG $VI{\sim}VII$ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

In order to select the suitable soybean cultivars for paddly field cultivation, growth response and yields characters were investigated with 37 Korean domestic soybean cultivars, in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province. The results can be summarized as follows ; When the soybeans were cultivated in paddy field, significant differences were observed in growth responses at each growth stage and yields among the cultivars. Yields of six cultivars, such as Danbaekkong, Paldokong, Pungsannanulkong, Myeongjunamulkong, Saeolkong, and Namhaekong, were less than 200kg/10a, however, seven cultivars, such as Shinpaldalkong 2, Sohokong, Dormikong, keumkangkong, Bukangkong, Dajangkong, and Geomjeongkong 2, showed highest yields ranged from 301~385kg/10a. At V5 stage, highly positive correlation(r=091$^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) was observed between the top dry weight and leaf area while negative correlation was existed between T/R ratio and root dry weight. However, at R2 age, leaf area was correlated with both top and root dry weight while T/R ratio was correlated with leaf area and top dry weight. Thirty-seven soybean cultivars used in this experiments were classified into 3 different clusters based on 19 important agronomic characters, and genotypic properties of the cultivars were similar in each cluster. In results, high yields could be achieved by selected cultivation of suitable soybean cultivars such as Shinpaldalkong 2 which showed early maturation date and highly ripening ratio.