• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.773-787
• /
• 2014

Bacterial pustule of soybean caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases in many areas where soybeans are grown. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cultivars, sowing date and cropping system on the suppression of soybean bacterial pustule in the field. One hundred soybean cultivars were screened for disease resistance against bacterial pustule in naturally infested field. Among them, fourteen cultivars including 'Pureun' were found to be high resistant. And thirty cultivars showed to be moderate resistant(less than 3% of diseased leaf area). When Soybean cultivar 'Taekwang' were sown in four different dates, May 25, June 5, June 15, and June 25, at 10 day-interval in Milyang, the diseased leaf area of bacterial pustule was 23.3%-25.7%, 14.7%-18.0%, 10.7%-12.8%, and 1.0%-2.7%, respectively. The lowest percentage of diseased leaf area was recorded in the plots sown on June 25, whereas the highest percentage of diseased leaf area was recorded in the plot sown on May 25. As sowing time was delayed, incidence of soybean bacterial pustule found to be comparatively reduced. From December in 2006 to June in 2007, we surveyed the pathogen population of soybean bacterial pustule in five cropping upland soils where soybean was cultivated. The survey result showed the bacterial pustule pathogens were detected from the all cropping soils. The pathogen populations of soybean bacterial pustule in soybean-barley and soybean-garlic cropping soil were significantly lower than that of the other cropping soils. In addition, the incidence of soybean bacterial pustule was decreased under the two cropping systems.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2003

Intact seeds of burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.) are not nearly germinated so that the farmers remove their arils before sowing. The study was carried out to measure the effort of aging, chilling, washing, chemical treatment, drying, and their sequential treatments on the germination of ones with arils and the seedling emergence. The seeds extruding over 1mm of their radicles and the seedlings with fully expanded cotyledons were counted daily for calculating the germination and the seedling emergence rates. Seedcoat softening using 10% NaOH solution somewhat enhanced their germination rate of the intact seeds harvested in the current year, but aging treatment done on 6 days at $45^{\circ}C$ after NaOH treatment increased the germination rate more than only NaOH treatment. A day washing after the NaOH treatment and a day chilling after the washing increasingly elevated the rates as well. Irrigation of 0.2% $\textrm{KNO}_3$ solution, moreover, showed the greatest germination rate of the priming treatments done during all the 7 day chilling. Drying the seeds after the combined treatment of chilling and priming more inclined the germination rate than nondrying ones, but red light treated during 24 hour desiccation was more effective in the germination rate increment than dark condition. The seeds done the sequential treatments of aging, NaOH, washing, combining chilling and priming and drying under red light illumination were germinated up to 80% but seedlings were emerged to 60%, lower than ones removed their arils.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2002

Indoor seed treatments to elevate seedling emergence should be of value. The study was done to model the presown treatments of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by evaluating the treatment effects of priming,$GA_3$, drying and water imbibition after drying on their germination and then their successive seed treatments on the basis of its seedling emergence. after priming using $Ca(NO_3)_2\;and\;GA_3$ treatment under their different concentrations and light quality illuminated for 12 hours a day were done separately and their two best results were compared to determine the better one, drying of imbibed seeds using the above best result and water imbibition of the dried seeds were successively done to check the rates of germination and emergence. In each treatment of priming and $GA_3$, the former best germination occurred at $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 150 mM done under 2 day darkness but the latter one did at 0.01 mM done under 12 hour a day red light forced for 3 days. Of the two best results from priming and $GA_3$ treatments, the latter result was shown higher germination rate. $GA_3$ treated seeds were best desiccated under $35^{\circ}C$ and 4 hour red light illumination. The germination rate of seeds dried after $GA_3$ treatment was enhanced as imibibed 2 days immediately before sowing. Seedling emergence of all 3 successive treatments, $GA_3$, drying and water imbibition before sowing was the greatest than the two others, only $GA_3$ treatment and the combination of $GA_3$ and drying, in which indicated that its presown seed treatment must follow the successive procedure of the above 3 ones.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized menu planning for military who need balanced diet for 365 days so that more effective and efficient food service can be provided. For this purpose, the evaluation of current military menu planning and production management system was carried out and the result was being applied to the computerized memo planning program which was being developed on this study. The contents of the computerized programs developed for this study were summerized as follows: 1) Programs for calculating nutrient value of foods and standarized meals. 2) Programs for outputing of meal table by a day or month. 3) Programs for outputing standardized recipes. 4) Programs for calculating nutrient value per day. 5) Programs for outputing one-sowing, one hundred-serving size and price. 6) Programs for calculating average of nutrient value by monthly and yearly. 7) Programs for calculating average of the amount used for a year. The personal computer type IBM PC-AT was used for the development of the software for this programs. Also, a work performance file was made by using the DBase III plus package.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1987

Effects of allopurinol (2mM), a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, on the growth and metabolism of llantoin in dark grown Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) seedlings were investigated. Allopurinol treatment maintained the fresh and dry weights of cotyledons at higher levels, but inhibited the elongation of hypocotyls and roots of the seedlings. Total nitrogen content in the cotyledons decreased at slower rate by allopurinol. Accordingly, the levels of total nitrogen contents in the hypocotyls and roots, were depressed by the inhibitor. In the cotyledons, allopurinol began to elevate RNA levels after day 3, which it did not affect DNA level throughout the experiment. Activities of xanthine oxidase (XO:EC 1.2.3.2), uricase (UO:EC 1.7.3.3) and allantoinase (AL:EC 3.5.2.5) in the cotyledons were examined. The activity of XO was not detected, but the accumulation of xanthine by allopurinol treatment presented an indirect evidence of the existence of XO in the organ. Allopurinol kept UO activity high up to day 2 after sowing and depressed AL activity throughout the experiment. By allopurinol treatment, allantoin content was kept high over the control both in cotyledons and roots, but it was kept low in hypocotyls. The level of allantoic acid in the 3 organs were shown to be depressed by allopurinol. These results suggest that allantoin and allantoic acid produced by the degradation of stored and newly synthesized RNA are transported from the storage tissue to hypocotyls and roots as important nitrogen sources for the development of Chinese cabbage seedlings.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 1987

Soybean, inoculated with effective Rhizobium japonicum 110, were grown by sand culture with nutrient solution containing either of 0, 1, 3, 10 or 30mM NO3-/l, and analyzed growth characteristics, NR activity, N2-fixation activity, and changes of ureide contents during the growing period. The amount of nodule formation decreased abruptly by nitrate treatment, the maximum nodule dry weight was 1.59, 1.05, 0.78, 0.09 and 0.008 g plant-1, respectively for each treatment on the 98th day. Specfic activity of N2-fixation showed the maximum rates of 140, 101, 37, 5 and 2.2 nM dw.mg-1.hr-1, respectively for each treatment in the earlier growth period. The maximum acetylene reduction activity on the 98th day after sowing was 81.5, 35.3, 14.3, 0.1 and 0.0045 $\mu$M C2H4 plant-1.hr-1, respectively for 0, 1, 3, 10 and 30 mM of NO3- gradients. Nitrate reduction activity increased along with nitrate gradients, and decreased abruptly with age. Relative abundance of ureides in plant organs was high in reproductive growth, and showed the maximum value in fully symbiotic dependent plant. Relative abundance of ureides in stem is a useful indication for the evaluation of nitrogen fixation in nodules of symbiotic plant.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to examine effects of community gardening on job stress and job satisfaction experienced by public officials in general administration working in a 24-hour shift. The subjects were public officials at the Center for Missing Children in the Department of Women and Adolescents at the National Police Agency. The center receives initial reports of disappearance of missing children, the elderly with dementia, and people with intellectual disabilities, sends out the report to each police station, and clears the report after the missing individual is found. Twelve public officials working at the center in a double shift (full day off after a night shift, four-day interval) were grouped into four teams and total 11 of them participated in the experiment. They engaged in autonomous community gardening activities such as sowing seeds, cultivating plants, harvesting, or cooking in the workplace for five weeks from August 19 to September 22, 2018. The findings were as follows. After five weeks of autonomous gardening activities, job stress of the subjects decreased significantly. Their mean scores of job satisfaction and organizational commitment under organizational effectiveness showed a significant increase after the activities. Finally, there were significant differences in their self-esteem after participating in the gardening activities in the workplace. These results suggest that gardening activities in the workplace can help to manage job stress and quality of work life for shift workers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.395-400
• /
• 2001

We investigated the variations of the flowering response to daylength in Perilla crop (var. frutescens). Seventeen accessions of Perilla crop and one accession of weedy type of var. crispa from China, Korea and Japan were cultivated under three daylength conditions, i.e., short-days, natural daylength and long-days. Most accessions of Perilla crop from China, Korea and Japan were divided into three types, early maturing type, intermediate maturing type and late maturing type by their natural flowering habit. In most of the accessions used, the flowering habit was significantly accelerated by short-day conditions and was delayed by long-day conditions. All the accessions of Perilla crops flowered within 57 days under the 10 hrs light treatment, whereas they did not flower at all even at 170 days after sowing under the 16 hrs light treatment. Thus, this finding suggested that there is a relationship between the types of flowering response to daylength and the geographical distribution which determines the planting season in traditional cultivation practices of Perilla crops. Positive correlation was observed between days to flowering and plant height or internode number in both the short-day and natural daylength conditions. Whereas, correlation was negative between days to flowering and inflorescence length or floret number in natural daylength condition, but it was positive in the short-day condition. Therefore, the daylength condition is considered as the most important environmental factor for flowering habit and morphological characters of Perilla crops. Flowering habit is considered as an important key character for the study of geographical differentiation of Perilla crop in East Asia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.290-295
• /
• 1998

Presowing treatements to seed are reasonable for elevating the seedling production efficiency. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of $GA_3$ [0 (water) : 0.01 mM] and light qulaity (red : white) simultaneously treated before sowing on seedling emergence and growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv NC 82 and Burley 21. Red or white light was illuminated 12 hours a day while seeds of the cultivars were imbibed with either water or $GA_3$ 0.01 mM for 3 days. Seedling emergence was measured up to 20 days after sowing but morphological characters and dry weights were done 40 days. The seedling emergence rate of cv NC 82 was more affected by light quality and $GA_3$ pretreatments than that of cv Burley 21. Light quality more influenced the rate than $GA_3$ while red light or water imbibition enhanced the rates of the two cultivars compared to the other treatement. Although mean plant height and leaf number per seedling were nearly equal between the treatements, red light declined leaf area per seedling of cv Burley 21 of which seeds were imbibed in water but white light decreased the areas of both cultiars of which seeds were soaked in $GA_3$solution. Shoot dry weight was greater in cv NC 82 but less in cv Burley 21 pretreated with red light, and root dry weight showed the reverse result in white light, meaning that presowing light and $GA_3$ treatments could be changed the seedling development and growth of tobacco.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2004

During the routine survey, the mortality of mulberry seedlings was noticed due to damping-off disease. The disease recognized by rotting of emerged seedlings near the soil line (just below the soil level) resulting in collapse of the seedlings. Two fungi were isolated from affected samples and identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Both the fungi were found to be responsible in causing pre and post emergence damping-off of seedlings in mulberry. For management of the disease, an experiment was conducted using fungicides. These fungicides were applied as seed treatment; soil drenching and foliar spray alone and in combination. Among the different treatments, integration of seed treatment and soil application of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) + Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) followed by foliar spray of these fungicides (after 35 days of sowing) resulted in better survivability of seedlings (93.3 %) on $90^th$ day and controlled the pre and post emergence damping off by 100 and 89.5%, respectively over the check.