• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

The natural disasters such as typhoon, earthquake, flood, heavy rain, drought, sweltering heat, wind wave, tsunami and so on, are difficult to estimate the scale of damage and spot. Also, these disasters were being damaged to human life. However, if based on the disaster statistics the past damage cases are analyzed and the estimated damages can be calculated, the initial damage action can be taken immediately and based on the estimated damage scale the damage can be mitigated. In the present study, therefore, we proposed the functions of wind wave damage estimation for the southern coast. The functions are developed based on Disaster Report('91~'14) for wind wave and typhoon disaster statistics, regional characteristics and observed sea weather.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.529-539
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• 1997

The circulations and movement of suspended materials by tidal residual current and seasonal surface wind in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are investigated by using a 2-dimensional barotropic model and a particle tracing technique. The tidal residual current is relatively strong around the south and west coast of Korea including the Cheju Island and southern coast of China. The current has a maximum speed of 10 cm/s in the vicinity of Cheju Island with a clockwise circulation. General tendency of the current, however, is to flow eastward along the southern coast of Korea. At the east coast of China from Shanghai to Tunghai, it also shows a eastward flow toward the South Sea of Korea. The anticyclonic circulation formed by wind-driven current and southward current prevails along the coast of Korea in the winter season(from October to April) when northerly wind is dominant. In summer(represented by July), however, the cyclonic circulation appears due to the influence of southerly wind. Suspended materials are advected by tidal residual current and wind-driven current. The long period(ten days) displacement by wind-driven current is bigger than that by tidal residual current. However, the tidal residual current would have the more important role for the advection of the suspended material considering longer period more than several months.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

The toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum isolated from the southern coast of Korea was described under light and scanning electron microscopy, and its large subunit (LSU) rDNA was sequenced. In addition, the effects of temperature and salinity on its growth were investigated. The cells of G. catenatum, as viewed under the electronic microscope, were green-brown color, $38.1-77.4{\mu}m$ in length and $26.1-40.8{\mu}m$ in width. The epicone was conical, while the hypocone was trapezoidal. The nucleus was located at the central part of the cell. The apical groove was horseshoe-shaped and small pores were irregularly distributed on the cell surface. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU rDNA gene sequences showed that the Korean G. catenatum and previously reported species formed a monophyletic clade within Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade. The maximum growth rate of $0.37day^{-1}$, was obtained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 35 psu, and the maximum cell density of $1,073cells\;mL^{-1}$, was observed at $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu. However, G. catenatum did not grow at temperature < $15^{\circ}C$ and < $30^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that environmental conditions of summer and autumn in the southern coast of Korea may be favorable for the growth of G. catenatum.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 1980

The seed of Japaness oyster, Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg), cultivated along the southerncoast of Korea have been transplanted and cultivated in both the Seonyu island and the Eocheong island of the western coast of Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the growth of transplanted oysters, environmental factors influencing their fatness, and differences of two areas between the Seonyu island and the Eocheong island during the period from April to November, 1978. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Maximum height of the shell was 69.2mm (58.4mm on the average) in the island of Seonyu and 64.8mm(53.2mm) in the island of Eocheong, respectively. 2. The fatness of the oysters measured in the island of Seonyu (5.2g/month) was greater than in the island of Eocheong (2.5g/month) 3. The shell height was increased with high temperature while, the shell fatness with low temperature. 4. The growth rate of the transplanted seed oysters was twice as much as that of native ones in the western coast of Korea. 5. Environmental conditions of Seonyu island were more favorable in cultivating oysters than those of the Eocheong island.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2006

Concrete structures in the seashore are greatly affected by salt attack primarily due to airborne chlorides like it can be seen through the corrosion of rebar. This study intends to investigate characteristics on the salinity of the airborne chlorides in terms of areas. Salinity measurement devices were installed at 27 areas along with seashore throughout the country. The area index for airborne chlorides were established according to the measurements. In Gochang and Taean area showed higher value of area index over 10. In addition, the Eastern coast showed higher index compared to the Western and Southern coast.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2013

To investigate the historical record of Alexandrium spp. in southern coastal areas of Korea, two sediment cores were collected from Gamak Bay and Yeoja Bay. Germination experiments revealed that the ellipsoidal Alexandrium cysts isolated from Gamak Bay and Yeoja Bay are morphologically identical to a toxic dinoflagellate A. tamarense. The ellipsoidal Alexandrium cysts in Yeoja Bay appeared from 30 to 32 cm depth upwards (ca. 1980s), and their concentration increased around 10 to 12 cm depth (mid-1990s). Similarly, cyst concentration in Gamak Bay also increased from 40 to 44 cm depth (ca. 1990s). These results coincide with the reports of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning caused by A. tamarense in 1980s and 1990s along the southeast coast of Korea.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand distributional characteristics in the atmospheric concentrations of $O_3$ and its precursors based on data taken at the southern Korean coast. The average $O_3$ concentration in the high altitude was found to range from 32.3 to 90.8 ppb with a maximum concentration of 132 ppb. The ambient $O_3$ concentration was high at altitudes of 1000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near Gwangyang Bay and an industrial area containing emission sources. The daily mean concentrations of $NO_y$ and CO were 6.7-24.2 ppb and 0.152-0.487 ppm, respectively. During the aerial measurement period, the highest mean concentration of $O_3$ was observed on June 1. The aerial measurement results showed that the maximum ozone concentration was observed to be 132 ppb in the high altitude the southernmost part of Yeosu. The measurement of vertical wind fields in the air indicated that $O_3$ formed in the southernmost part of Yeosu was transported by strong southwesterly winds to the northeast of Gwangyang Bay. This led to a ground $O_3$ concentration of over 100 ppb in Jinju, the northeastern part of Gwangyang Bay. On August 9, when the maximum $O_3$ concentration was 50 ppb, the measurement results showed that $O_3$ concentrations were relatively low compared to other days. In particular, low $NO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were observed, both of which serve to form $O_3$ in photochemical reactions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.361-364
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• 2006

The objective of the current study was to characterize and apply multiple regression model relating to vegetation values of the plant species over salt marshes. For each salt marsh community, vegetation and soil variables were investigated in the western coast and the southern coast in South Korea. Osmotic potential of soil and $Cl^-$ content of soil as independent variable had positive and negative influences on vegetation values. Multiple regression model showed that vegetation values of 14 coastal plant communities were determined by pH of soil, osmotic potential of soil and sand content. The multiple regression equation may be applied to the explanation of distribution and abundance of plant communities with exiting ordination plots.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

In this study, the temporal and spatial variation in precipitable water vapor (PWV) was analyzed for typhoon Ewiniar which had made landfall in the Korean peninsula in 2006. To make a contour map of PWV, zenith total delay (ZTD) was calculated using about 60 GPS permanent stations in Korea, and the pressure and temperature data of nearby AWS stations were interpolated and applied to the equation for calculating the PWV. While Typhoon Ewiniar was migrating north from the southern coast to the eastern coast of Korea, the PWV migrated showing a spatial distribution similar to that of rainfall. Also, the fluctuating pattern of the normalized PWV was analyzed, and the moving speed of the PWV was estimated using the delay time of the increase/decrease pattern in the eight-test stations. The result indicated that the moving speed of the PWV was about 35 km/h, which was similar to the average moving speed of the typhoon (38.9 km/h).

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.631-637
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• 1994

For at least 14 years after the publication of minimum permissible exposure limits that would largely eradicate industrial deafness, statute legislation in Queensland remained unchanged and ineffective. Industrial deafness continued to occur. New legislation, introduced in 1989 and amended in 1993, and based on a duty of care responsibility incumbent on all, may remedy this situation. The new legislation is examined and comments are made about the values inherent in the new approach. It is concluded that public policy strategists may increase the likelihood of success of they ensure that the duty of care provisions (together with the general provisions of the Act) are backed up by innovative complementary economic, financial and marketing incentives.