• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-118
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• 2020

Despite its centrality at a pivotal crossroads of both land and sea of East-West trade, communications and travel, the region now known as Southeast Asia provides very few scholarly works situating or featuring it in an international context. Because of this paucity, there is immense scope for exploration. But prior to further explorations, justification is needed to establish that Southeast Asia, as a region, is a subject of interest, relevance, and significance in a global context. Southeast Asia was home to several empires whose reach transcended the region and beyond. Southeast Asia in, and as part of international history as an area of study is therefore justifiable. Moreover, other factors come into play, viz. geography, resources, migration, diffusion of ideas and beliefs from without and accommodation from within, shared experience of imperialism and colonialism, decolonization, and the Cold War, and the collective fate under the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), that further bolster its rationalization as a component of international history. Explorations, on the other hand, examine issues and obstacles that contribute to the paucity of works on Southeast Asia in international history. Furthermore, in contextualizing Southeast Asia in international history, there might appear challenges that need to be identified, confronted, and resolved.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-297
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• 2010

The relics of the Southeast Asian civilizations in the first phase are found with the relics from India, China, and even further West of Persia and Rome. These relics are the historic marks of the ancient interactions of various continents, mainly through the maritime trade. The traces of the indic culture, which appears in the historic age, are represented in the textual records and arts, regarded as the essence of the India itself. The ancient Hindu arts found in various locations of Southeast Asia were thought to be transplanted directly from India. However, Neither did the Gupta Hindu Art of India form the mainstream of the Gupta Art, nor did it play an influential role in the adjacent areas. The Indian culture was transmitted to Southeast Asia rather intermittently than consistently. If we thoroughly compare the early Hindu art of India and that of Southeast Asia, we can find that the latter was influenced by the former, but still sustained Southeast Asian originality. The reason that the earliest Southeast Asian Hindu art is discovered mostly in continental Southeast Asia is resulted from the fact that the earliest networks between India and the region were constructed in this region. Among the images of Hindu gods produced before the 7th century are Shiva, Vishnu, Harihara, and Skanda(the son of Shiva), and Ganesha(the god of wealth). The earliest example of Vishnu was sculpted according to the Kushan style. After that, most of the sculptures came to have robust figures and graceful proportions. There are a small number of images of Ganesha and Skanda. These images strictly follow the iconography of the Indian sculpture. This shows that Southeast Asians chose their own Hindu gods from the Hindu pantheon selectively and devoted their faiths to them. Their basic iconography obediently followed the Indian model, but they tried to transform parts of the images within the Southeast Asian contexts. However, it is very difficult to understand the process of the development of the Hindu faith and its contents in the ancient Southeast Asia. It is because there are very few undamaged Hindu temples left in Southeast Asia. It is also difficult to make sure that the Hindu religion of India, which was based on the complex rituals and the caste system, was transplanted to Southeast Asia, because there were no such strong basis of social structure and religion in the region. "Indianization" is an organized expansion of the Indian culture based on the sense of belonging to an Indian context. This can be defined through the process of transmission and progress of the Hindu or Buddhist religions, legends about purana, and the influx of various epic expression and its development. Such conditions are represented through the Sanskrit language and the art. It is the element of the Indian culture to fabricate an image of god as a devotional object. However, if we look into details of the iconography, style, and religious culture, these can be understood as a "selective reception of foreign religious culture." There were no sophisticated social structure yet to support the Indian culture to continue in Southeast Asia around the 7th century. Whether this phenomena was an "Indianization" or the "influx of elements of Indian culture," it was closely related to the matter of 'localization.' The regional character of each local region in Southeast Asia is partially shown after the 8th century. However it is not clear whether this culture was settled in each region as its dominant culture. The localization of the Indian culture in Southeast Asia which acted as a network connecting ports or cities was a part of the process of localization of Indian culture in pan-Southeast Asian region, and the process of the building of the basis for establishing an identity for each Southeast Asian region.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 2023

An onshore dismantling yard is an important part in the supply chain of the offshore oil and gas decommissioning industry. However, despite having more than 500 offshore structures to be decommissioned in the Southeast Asia region, there are a very limited number of well-equipped dismantling yards to fully execute the onshore dismantling. Recent investigations discovered that shipbuilding and offshore structure fabrication yards are still potential options for upgrades to include dismantling. Despite the huge potential opportunities from upgrading to dismantling, research studies on this area are relatively scarce, and most past studies mainly focused on the North Sea region. To date, the potential opportunities of Southeast Asia and Malaysia yards to develop onshore dismantling capability are still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the criteria to develop a technical preparedness checklist to evaluate an onshore dismantling yard; consequently, this will assist with assessing and bridging the gaps and identify the opportunity of developing an onshore dismantling yard in Southeast Asia region. Requirements for onshore dismantling and related rules and regulations have been investigated and summarized in the form of checklist. Findings from this study can help local oil and gas operators to pursue more local solutions and resilient supply chain performance.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.133-148
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• 2017

In spite of being one of the first countries in Asia to establish an institution devoted to the study of the Asian region, area studies in the Philippines has languished over the years. In contrast, area studies programs of her neighbors have grown by leaps and bounds, invigorated by both public and private support. This observation becomes more glaring as Filipino scholars have made a name for themselves in the field of Southeast Asian Studies abroad. The paper is an appraisal of the current state of Southeast Asian area studies and the extent of its operation by the Philippines' top four universities, namely: the Asian Center of the University of the Philippines, the Ateneo de Manila University, the De La Salle University, and the University of Santo Tomas. Starting from the inception of area studies in the mid-1950s leading to a template patterned after the North American - European model, the paper then describes the challenges and its decline in the 80s toward its progression on a paradigm defined by the growing importance of, and actors within, the region. The paper expresses the view that one, the role of the government was both a boon and a bane in the development of area studies; and two, that the rapid economic growth and immense integration in the region in the last two decades gave a new impetus to Southeast Asian area studies, an enormous opportunity to capitalize on for Philippine universities.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.62-72
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• 2017

In this study, liner unit root tests and panel unit root tests to the ratio of city to regional house price were applied to examine the ripple effects across 28 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region. Then invert LM unit root tests with two structural breaks for 10 representative cities were conducted. The results showed that there is overwhelming evidence of the existence of ripple effect in the Yangtze River Delta region, while segmentation is restricted to a small group of cities in which there is no long-run relationship with the Yangtze River Delta region average; compared to no- and one-break case, there is overwhelming evidence of a ripple effect with the LM test with two structural breaks. Furthermore, the results of the Granger causality test showed that changes in house prices in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou have led to changes in house prices in other cities. The findings of this research make certain contributions to the improvements of research system of ripple effect among regional house prices in the Yangtze River Delta Region,and could be referenced by other markets of other cities.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

The paper examined Southeast Asia as a whole and focused on similarities among countries composing what is now known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In order to determine these similarities, the analysis focused on the fact that during World War II the whole of Southeast Asia was occupied by one political power: Japan. The policies the Japanese implemented in the region were to a degree very similar in terms of pressures and tensions that occurred in the different countries. The paper argues that these pressures and the responses of the various peoples of Southeast Asia instilled a nucleus of common identity in Southeast Asia as a whole. Basically, the policies that the Japanese implemented all over Southeast Asia were the following: the setting up regional administrations; the extraction of resources and emphasis on local self-sufficiency; the implementation of cultural Japanization; and local indigenization policies. The Southeast Asian responses that crystalized this joint Southeast Asian identity may be described as: accommodating and resisting the Japanese; commemorating portraying; and collectively remembering the era. The process of action and reaction between Japan and Southeast Asia was formative of this joint Southeast Asian identity.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.369-387
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• 2006

The study mainly aims to explore and compare the cultural value orientations of Southeast Asian countries with concrete index of variable factors, and ultimately seeks for directions for Korea better role as a leading country in Southeast Asian economic region. The research limits the scope of the study only to three countries of the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. It is due to the significant differences of geography, language, and above all unique religion in Southeast Asia region, The Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand are very much similar in many aspects of diverse ethnicity, diverse religion, especially in the aspect of culture. However, it is no doubt, among countries surveyed, that the research show the differences in continuum level in terms of value orientations. Generally it might be due to the history, religion and language differences.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-78
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• 2015

Southeast Asia has been a showcase for democratic transitions in the past 30 years. This paper proposes a conceptual lens for studying political shifts in the Southeast Asian region. The argumentative storyline follows two fundamental propositions about democratic transitions. My first proposition is that during democratic transitions, human phenomena arise on nested analytical layers namely the global arena, the state, prodemocracy movements, and individuals. Each layer is conventionally studied by international relations, political science, sociology, and psychology respectively. I propose a multidisciplinary lens that transverses all these analytical layers. A second proposition is that during political shifts, social conditions are historically-situated. Historicity is anchored on stages of democratization, namely the authoritarian regime, toppling the regime, power shift, state building, and nation building. This paper describes a 4 × 5 matrix (analytical layer × historical stage) that may guide a regional agenda on the empirical study of democratic transitions in the Southeast Asian region. It likewise gives examples of research findings in Philippine-based studies that have already begun to provide empirical data about segments of this research matrix.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.305-320
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to analysis & forecast on the change in spatial structures of southeast region by development of the Seoul-Pusan high-speed Rail. To measure the spatial structures, it was used the method of mean center and standard distance among of centrographic measures as analytical tools. The changes of spatial structures patten over time and space in the southeast region were surveyed using population and employment data of 57 zones. And also, to forecast the spatial structures of the southeast region after opening of the Seoul-Pusan high-speed rail, it was supposed three(3) scenarios which designed using influential area with centering around of the proposed high-speed rail stations. Therefore, the results of this research indicate as follows; 1) The spatial structures of population is showed a trend of continual concentration toward Ulsan city area, and also the spatial structures of employment is showed a trend of continual dispersion over time. 2) The forecast of three93) scenarios supposed after opening of the Seoul-Pusan high-speed rail in 2006 show a change of the spatial structures with both population concentration and employment dispersion. In the meantime, the rapid increase of population and wide dispersion of employment is reform with centering around HSR stations which builted in the southeast region after opening of high-speed rail. 3) It shall furnish valuable data to establish the development strategy of urban and local region, and also forecast the change of spatial structures about population and employment in influential area which passed on high-speed rail line & stations by method of mean center and standard distance among of centrographic measures as analytical tools.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-135
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• 2011

Vietnamese scholars contend that they have developed Southeast Asian studies viewing Southeast Asia as both a geographical entity with a long history and cultural tradition and a strategic region for modern development. This study has traced the construction of Southeast Asian studies as an academic discipline in Vietnam through the studies and arguments of Vietnamese scholars. It has put primary focus on the institutionalization of Southeast Asian studies, taking note of the assessment and perceptions of Vietnamese scholars. It also looked into the construction and limitations of Southeast Asian studies in Vietnam, which advocates Southeast Asian Studies as interdisciplinary area studies, with stressing of the origin of indigenous studies. The major contents of this study include: First, a historic overview of the institutionalization of Southeast Asian studies centering on research institutions of Southeast Asian studies in Vietnam, Second, the perceptions of Southeast Asian studies inside Vietnam and the inside evaluation of the effort to indigenize Southeast Asian studies. This study took note of Vietnamese scholars' perceptions and assessment of Southeast Asian studies performed by outsiders, primarily by Western scholars; the perceptions and evaluation of Southeast Asian studies conducted by Southeast Asian insiders; and the perceptions and evaluation of the origin of Southeast Asian studies indigenous to Vietnam. Last, it examined the construction and limitations of Southeast Asian studies in Vietnam, which advocates the studies as interdisciplinary regional studies.