• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1959

The bamboo, one of staples of South-East Asia, has 1, 250 species in 46 Genus throughout the world South-East Asia, it's main habitat, has 1, 180 species, while South America has about 70 species or so. Major places of it's production in Asia are Korea, southern China, Japan, Malay, Ceylon, Formosa, and Philipine, but of these, Korea, southern China, and Japan are the most famous places for their production of excellant bamboo. In Korea, Kyongsang-Namdo and Cholla-Namdo are known as it's home, occupying 80 per cent of the total area of bamboo production in this country. Kyongsang-Pukdo, Cholla-Pukdo, Chungehong-Namdo, and Kangwon-do are also known as it's minor production. The importance of the bamboo can not be ignored, considering it's role in the industrial development of this country; the bamboo-ware is indispensable for the culture of laver which annually secures a considerable amount of foreign money. But it has long been regreted that the home-made bamboo-ware is far from being able to meet the ever increasing demand in quantity and is forced to be imported annually. In the light of the above mentioned fact, much interested; I undertook the task of investigating the bamboo in this country, Primarily concerned in it's kind and distribution, and could draw the following conclusions as the first phase of my investigation: (1). The amount of the bamboo accumulation in this country, compared with that of pre-worldwar II, is reduced as much as 300, 000 fagots(on fagot amounts to 25 pieces), and now the acreage of the bamboo field is 32, 200$\textrm{km}^2$s. (2). At a mountian peak in Kunoe-myon Wando-kun Cholla-Namdo, I found out a new specis. (Shasamorpha chiisanensis NAKAI Forma wan-Ponia H. P. CHONG) (3). The kinds of the autogenous wild bamboo in this country are as follows; a). 8 kinds in Sinoarundinaria. (5 Spp; 2 For; 1 Var) b). 1 kinds in Pieioplastus. (1 Spp) c). 2 kinds in Pseudosasa. (1 Spp; 1Var.) d) 4 kinds in Sasamorpha. (2 Spp; 1 For.; 1 Var.) e). 4 kinds in Sasa. (4 Spp) In total there are nineteen(19) kinds of autogenous wild bamboo in this country. When adding to this thethirty five (35) species which the japanese has transplanted in Kyongsang-Namdo Forestry Expreimental stations, there are in all fifty four (54) spe ies in this country. (4). As for the distribution of the Northern limitation of the bamboo growing, I found that Sinoarundinaria nigra OHWI var, Henonis HONDA can be cultivated as for as Kosongkun, Kangwon-Do, andSinoarundinaria pubescens HONDA as for as Clung Chong Namdo, and Sinoarundinaria reticulata as far as chung Chong-Pukdo.

• 대기
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2009

A strong negative correlation has been detected between the North Pacific Oscillation Index (NPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI) in May over Korea. In May of positive NPI year, anomalous patterns caused a drought in Korea as follows: the anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns in the northeast and southeast of Korea have strengthened the anomalous northerlies to Korea. In addition, these anomalous northerlies have prevented western North Pacific (WNP) high from moving northward. As a result, anomalous descending flows have strengthened in the mid-latitude region in East Asia. In the WNP, the anomalous south-high, north-low sea surface temperature (SST) has been widely distributed, which has strengthened anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns. These anomalous characteristics of pressure and SST patterns observed in May of positive NPI years have already been detected in previous winter (December-February) and early spring (March, April). In addition, the anomalous negative sea ice concentration in the North Pacific during two seasons has strengthened the anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the same region and in turn made a contribution to formation of anomalous south-low, north-high pressure patterns in May.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2016

On 12 July 2016, China's maritime claim to most of the South China Sea (SCS) based on the so-called nine-dash line was rejected by the Arbitral Tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning issues in the South China Sea including the legality of the so-called "nine-dashed line", the status of certain maritime features and their corresponding maritime entitlements, together with the lawfulness of certain actions by China which the Philppines, in a case brought in 2013, alleged were violations. As having the Tribunal determined that China's claim had no legal grounds in UNCLOS, thus undermining China's claims, and establishing that China has no exclusive legal rights to control the area roughly the size of India. There are some major implications from the Tribunal's ruling in the Arbitration award. These include implications on: how to delimit the maritime boundary in disputed waters, how to promote maritime confidence-building measures, how to safeguard maritime safety and security, and how to promote the rule of law in the SCS. Since its application of UNCLOS in East Asia, it has been obvious that the only way to resolve maritime disputes in the region is to build strong maritime cooperative partnerships under the auspices of the rule of law.

• 대기
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2011

NCEP reanalysis data were analyzed in order to provide distribution of global wind resource and wind speed in the surface layer for the years 2000-2009. Wind speed at 10 m above ground level (AGL) was converted to wind speed at 80 m above the ground level using the power law. The global average 80 m wind speed shows a maximum value of $13ms^{-1}$ at the storm track region. High wind speed over the land exists in Tibet, Mongolia, Central North America, South Africa, Australia, and Argentina. Wind speed over the ocean increased with a large value in the South China Sea, Southeast Asia, East Sea of the Korea. Sea surface wind in Western Europe and Scandinavia are suitable for wind farm with a value of $7-8ms^{-1}$. Areas with great potential for wind farm are also found in Eastern and Western coastal region of North America. Sea surface wind in Southern Hemisphere shows larger values in the high latitude of South America, South Africa and Australia. The distribution of low-resolution reanalysis data represents general potential areas for wind power and can be used to provide information for high-resolution wind resource mapping.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2013

Candoninae is the most diverse group of freshwater ostracods with over 300 living species described from all around the world. However, only 11 species have been reported from South Korea. Considering abundant freshwater ecosystems here this number is very low. It is no wonder that newly collected samples of freshwater meiofauna often contain Candoninae ostracods which are new records for South Korea, or new taxa. Earicandona mounchyon gen. nov. sp. nov. and Typhlocypris (Pseudocandona) pratensis (Hartwig, 1901) were collected from two open freshwater bodies in Gangwon-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea. The new genus is most closely related to the breuili-group of Fabaeformiscandona Krstic, 1972. The most important apomorphic character of the new genus is a hemipenis with a poorly sclerified lobe "g", and prehensile palps with more rounded dorsal margins. Beside the new species, Earicandona contains only E. okuboi (Smith & Janz, 2008) comb. nov. from Lake Biwa. This species was originally described in Fabaeformiscandona, fabaeformis-group. They differ mostly in the morphology of the shell, but also some details of soft body, including the more pronounced genital process in the Korean species. Typhlocypris pratensis was so far known from Europe and this finding significantly broadens its area of distribution. Both Typhlocypris and Earicandona belong to the tribe Candonini and the key to the genera of this tribe is also presented here.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1974

From the point of view of geological history, the land of South Korea is regarded as the subject of processes of the changes in formations of several geological blocks such as Kyonggi massif, Yeongnam massif, Taebaegsan basin, Kyungsang basin and so on. Through the long period of geological chronology, the present topography and geotectonics have been formed by the complicate interactions of epirogenetic movements, magmatism, orogenesis, differential vertical movements, metamorphism and sedimentation. The reason of the crust movements mentioned above, is suppossed that the Pacific and West Pacific plate have subducted directly or indirectly into the East Asia plate. This fact can be endorsed by the results of the studies on the heat flow, gravity anomaly, absolute age dating, tectonic lineation, lithofacies and the temperature of hot spring in South Korea. The formations of metal ore deposits as well as other geological processes can be determined by the mechanical control of the plates and be divided into several systematic patterns. The investigation of about 110 metal mines in South Korea shows the following results. (1) Plate boundary volcanic type is about 28% (2) Plate boundary plutonic type is about 44% (3) Intraplate sedimentary type is about 26% (4) Intraplate magmatic type is about 2%.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2015

전세계 플라스틱 해양쓰레기의 유입량과 현존량을 추정하였다. 한국에서 플라스틱 해양쓰레기의 연간 유입량(72,956톤)은 플라스틱의 연간 소비량(5.2백만톤)의 1.4%로 추정되었다. 유출량이 0이라는 가정과 함께, 이 1.4% 유입률을 1950년부터 2013년까지 전세계 플라스틱 생산량에 적용함으로써, 2013년 전세계 연간 플라스틱 해양쓰레기 유입량은 4.2백만톤이며, 2013년말 현재 플라스틱 해양쓰레기 현존량은 86백만톤으로 추정되었다. 또한 로지스틱 모델에 따라, 석유생산량의 4%가 플라스틱으로 생산될 때 플라스틱 해양쓰레기의 최종 현존량은 199백만톤이 될 것으로 추정되었다. 유입량과 현존량은 전혀 다른 측정단위이기 때문에, 유입 저감 정책의 효과성을 평가할 수 있는 개선된 지표가 필요하다. 또한, 플라스틱 해양쓰레기 오염은 거의 회복불가능하기 때문에, 이를 예방하는 대책의 가치는 훨씬 더 높게 평가되어야 하며, 사전주의의 원칙에 따라 더 강력한 예방 대책이 시행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 제한적인 정보에 근거한 예비 연구에 해당하므로 플라스틱 해양쓰레기의 유입량과 현존량의 경향을 규명하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.21-38
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with analyzing the role of Northeast Asia intercity networks in Northeast Asia in creating regional networks. For the purpose of this paper, we have followed Choe's (1996) definition of Northeast Asia which includes the Russian Fat East, the Northeast region of China, South Korea, North Korea and Japan. The central hypothesis of the paper is that the geopolitical conditions of Northeast Asia compared for example with Southeast Asia, favor bilateral rather than multilateral linkages between nation states. In these circumstances, it is our hypothesis that cities will play an important role in developing a "local image" of regio-nalism and intercity networks. In order to analyze this hypothesis, the paper is divided into three parts. Part A analyzes the emerging urban system of the Northeast Asia region using Choe's concept of the BESETO corridor and updating his data from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s just prior to the financial crisis. This analysis is further supported by the analysis of economic and transportation linkages within the urban system of the region with some discussion of emerging urban nodes. Part B looks at the specific case studies of the region including the Bohai Sea region, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, Pusan and Shandong province cities. Part C summarizes this preceding analysis and that the development of regionalism and servicing urban nodes is move likely to emerge from a myriad of linkages developed between the region's cities than from a supra-regional role of nation states. This finding has important implications for regional policy formation suggesting that there should be considerate national support for international linkages between cities.en cities.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.263-291
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• 2015

2015년 5월 중동 사우디아라비아와 아랍에미레이트를 다녀온 68세의 남자가 고열, 근육통, 기침 호흡곤란으로 자택부근 2개 병원)과 삼성서울병원(SMC) 응급실을 거치면서 시작된 메르스(MERS)라는 전염병은 거의 3개월에 걸쳐 최근까지 대한민국을 유행성 전염병의 공포로 몰아넣었다. 특히 이 전염병은 중동지역 아라비아 반도를 중심으로 2012년 9월부터 현재까지 총 26개국에서 1,392명에게 발생하여, 538명의 사망환자가 보고(유럽질병센터, 2015.7.21. 기준)되었고, 우리나라의 경우에도 총 확진자 186명, 사망자 36명(치사율 19.4%) 격리자 16,693명이라는 기록을 남기고 점차 우리의 뇌리에서 사라져가고 있다. 이 전염병의 파급으로 인하여 현 정부의 전염병 관리체계에 대한 많은 비판과 문제점을 제기하는 계기가 되었다. 특히 병원내 감염문제, 민간의료기관-지역 보건소-질병관리본부를 연결하는 감염병 관리전달체계의 미작동, 정부의 전염병과 관련된 정보 공개 거부, 냉난방 공조설비의 환기 등과 관련된 시설문제, 감염병 격리병상의 절대부족 문제, 지역보건소의 기능 및 권한의 제한문제, 격리자 및 의료기관에 대한 보상문제, 제도적으로는 감염병에 대한 건강보험 수가 개선문제, 법정감염병 재분류 문제, 질병관리본부의 역할 재정립 문제, 전염병 관련 전문인력 양성을 위한 제도적 보완문제, 병원 이용문화의 개선으로서 다인실 조정과 간병인 대체문제, 사회적 후유증을 치유하기 위한 정책적 배려문제 등이 있으며, 이에 대한 광범위한 논의와 해결방안이 필요한 때이다. 국민들은 2015년 5월 이전에는 아주 낯설었던 메르스라는 외부유입 전염병에 국가 방역체계가 흔들리는 모습을 보고 극도의 공포감을 느꼈으며, 외국에서는 중동지방을 제외하고는 전세계적으로 유례가 없는 메르스라는 전염병이 대유행하는 대한민국에 발길을 끊었다. 국민의 건강권이 심각하게 위협받았음은 물론이고 관광산업과 유통업계 등의 경제도 얼어붙었다. 정부는 메르스라는 전염병 확산의 초기대응 실패를 인정하고, 사태를 악화시킨 점에 대한 책임을 통감하여야 한다. 국민들에 대한 신뢰상실을 반성하고 향후 각종 필요한 정보를 공개함으로써, 메르스와 같은 전염병에 대한 정부정책을 투명하게 집행하고, 지방자치단체와 국민들이 지역사회 감염에 대처하고 확산방지에 나설 수 있도록 제도를 개선하며, 변경된 제도를 홍보하여 전염병 전파 예방에 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권43호
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• pp.175-199
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• 2018

Recent marine territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea have come to us as a great threat. China, which has recently established the China Coast Guard and has rapidly developed maritime security forces, is trying to overcome the various conflict countries with its power. Japan is also strengthening intensively its maritime security forces. Since Korea, China, and Japan are geographically neighboring and sharing maritime space in Northeast Asia, there is no conflict between maritime jurisdiction and territorial rights among the countries. The struggle for initiative in the ocean is fierce among the three coastal nations in Northeast Asia. therefore, Korea needs more thorough preparation and response to protect the marine sovereignty. As the superpowers of China and Japan are confronted and the United States is involved in the balance of power in strategic purposes, the East Asian sea area is a place where tension and conflict environment exist. China's illegal fishing boats are constantly invading our waters, and they even threaten the lives of our police officers. The issue of delimiting maritime boundaries between Korea and China has yet to be solved, and is underway in both countries, and there is a possibility that the exploration activities of the continental shelf resources may collide as the agreement on the continental shelf will expire between Korea and Japan. On the other hand, conflicts in the maritime jurisdictions of the three countries in Korea, China and Japan are leading to the enhancement of maritime security forces to secure deterrence rather than military confrontation. In the situation where the unresolved sovereignty and jurisdiction conflicts of Korea, China and Japan continue, and the competition for the strengthening of the maritime powers of China and Japan becomes fierce, there is a urgent need for stabilization and enhancement of the maritime forces in our country. It is necessary to establish a new long-term strategy for enhancing the maritime security force and to carry out it. It is expected that the Korean Coast Guard, which once said that it was a model for the establishment of China's Coast Guard as a powerful force for the enforcement of the maritime law, firmly establishes itself as a key force to protect our oceans with the Navy and keeps our maritime sovereignty firmly.