• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2019

The marine brown algal genus Colpomenia has a worldwide distribution, with five species reported in Korea and Japan. However, no studies to date attempted to identify the number of species and geographical distribution of Colpomenia along Chinese coast. To fill the biodiversity knowledge gap, we analyzed 63 mitochondrial cox3 and 62 mitochondrial atp6 sequences of Colpomenia specimens collected from 30 localities along the Chinese coast. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees suggest the presence of at least three Colpomenia species (i.e., C. peregrina, C. claytoniae, and C. sinuosa) in China. C. peregrina and C. claytoniae are documented for the first time. C. sinuosa was only found in the South China Sea and its distribution didn't overlap with that of C. peregrina which was found in the Yellow-Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. C. claytoniae appears to be confined to three isolated islands in the East and the South China Sea, where it occurs in sympatry with, respectively, C. peregrina and C. sinuosa. Future study can focus on comparing eco-physiological differences of Colpomenia species in response to environmental variables and exploring possible genetic hybridization / introgression at inter-specific contact zones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.382.1-382
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• 1998

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2020

While the United States and other Western states are in trouble with COVID-19 crisis, China is continuing its aggressive ocean expansion with its Gray-zone strategy. The Gray-zone strategy, which China uses around the South China Sea, refers to a strategy that promotes a change in international politics by creating an unclear state, neither war or peace. China, which is trying to expand its influence across East Asia, will also try to project a Gray zone strategy on the Korean Peninsula. The possible scenarios are as follows: 1) South Korea is accidentally involved in a dispute in the South China Sea, 2) Military conflicts between South Korea and China is caused by illegal fishing of Chinese boats in Yellow Sea, 3) China tries to interfere with Socotra Rock, 4) Unlikely, but possible in the future that China induce the military conflicts between Korea and Japan on the Dokdo issue. In order to cope with these scenarios, Korea should prepare the following measures from a long-term perspective: the creation of an Asian maritime safety fleet, the integ rated operation of the navy and the coast guard in the framework of the national fleet, and strengthening the conflict control system for China's provocations.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2006. Twenty three tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2006. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty three tropical cyclones, fifteen cyclones reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest eight cyclones only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and five TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2006 began in May with the formation of CHANCHU (0601). The convective activity was slightly inactive around the Philippines from late June to early August. In addition, subtropical high was more enhanced than normal over the south of Japan from May to early August. Consequently, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines after late June, and many of them moved westwards to China. CHANCHU (0601), BILIS (0604), KAEMI (0605), PRAPIROON (0606) and SAOMI (0608) brought damage to China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. On the other hand, EWINIAR (0603) moved northwards and hit the Republic of Korea, causing damage to the country. From late August to early September, convective activity was temporarily inactive over the sea east of the Philippines. However, it turned active again after late September. Subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan after late August. Therefore, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines and moved northwards. WUKONG (0610) and SHANSHAN (0613) hit Japan to bring damage to the country. On the other hand, XANGSANE (0615) and CIMARON (0619) moved westwards in the South China Sea, causing damage to the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Another special feature in 2006 tropical cyclone activity is that IOKE (0612) formed in the central North Pacific crossed 180 degree longitude and moved into the western North Pacific. It has been four years since HUKO (0224) in 2002.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.618-623
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• 1999

A relationship between SST (Sea Surface Temperature) fronts and formation of fishing grounds was examined using the data on fishing conditions obtained from 41 Korean purse-seiners during the period of 1991 to 1996. Good fishing grounds observed in the southern sea of Korea and the nothern area of the East China Sea were yearly found around the frontal zone and around the marginal area of Tsushima Current which was the periphery of fronts, Also, there were several fishing grounds, which are not related to the fronts. They can be classified into the following four types : The first type was found in the warm water pocket located in the western area of Cheju Island in winter. The second type was made in a intensive bending of isobathytherm with a higher temperature in the main stream of Tsushima Current between Cheju Island and the Goto Islands in winter. The third type was formed by the topographical vortex motion near the Tsushima Island in winter and spring. The fourth type was found at the area of the reflow Sea Warm Current in southwest sea of Korea between the costal front zone and the Yellow Bottom Cold Waters in summer and autumn.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.sup1
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• pp.73-73
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• 2009

The modern cartilaginous fishes, class Chondrichthyes, are small group of Pisces, and comprisingmore 1,000 described valid species, and including approximately 190 genera, 55 families, and 15 orders. The Chondrichthyes consists of two subclasses, the Holocephali (chimeras) and the Elasmobranchii(sharks and rays). The dominant subclass Elasmobranchii includes sharks (Selachii) and rays (Batoidea), the former is more diverse than the latter in higher taxa (order, family, genus) but has fewer species. The Batoidea, batoids or rays, has long been recognized as monophyletic, however, the interrelationships of the groups are problematic and uncertain. In order to review biodiversity and systematics of batoids, valid species name and supraspecific taxa from the published materials are studied. Batoids (including sawfishes, Pristiformes; electric rays, Torpediniformes; stingrays, Myliobatiformes; skates, Rajiformes; wedgefishes, Rhiniformes; and guitarfishes, Rhinobatiformes) is speciose and worldwide with about 580 species in 4 to 6 orders, 17 to 19 families, and about 75 genera. In East Asian waters, the previous records of the Batoidea reveal about 170 species belonging to 41 genera, 18 families, 6 orders. The largest group of batoid fauna in the area is order Myliobatiformes comprising about 80 species, 16 genera of 7 families. The predominant families are Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays: 46 spp. of 6 genera), Arhynchobatidae (softnose skates: 26 spp. of 3 genera), and Rajidae (skates: 21 spp. of 6 genera). The predominant genera are Bathyraja (softnoseskates: 20 spp.), Himantura (whiprays:19spp.), and Dasyatis (fantailstingrays: 18 spp.). There are 23 species in the Yellow Sea, 70 species in the East China Sea, 82 species in the South China Sea, and 58 species in the North Pacific coast of Japan. Batoid fauna from the East Sea (Sea of Japan) is the poorest of the five regions, consisting of 14 species. Korean waters include only 28 species, 16 genera, 10 families and 5 orders of batoids. Two species is torpediniforms, 4 rhinobatiforms, arhynchobatiforms, 11 rajiforms and 10 myliobatiforms. By the earlier works, the systematics and a check list of the valid species of batoids will be presented.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1994

Geographically Cheju Island is located in the southmost part of Korea. Cheju Province, the largest. island in Korea, consists of one major island, Cheju, and other minor islands including Chuja Island. The province is located in around 140 km from Mokpo on the north, about 272 km from Pusan. Tsushima Island of Japan on the northeast, and Shanhai of the China across the East China Sea to the west.(omitted)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2003

The initiation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooming in the South Sea of Korea occurs in the sea near Naro-Do in late August. In this paper, the relationships of this annual occurrence with the environmental conditions are presented. In early summer, the winds in the sea near Naro-Do are southwesterly and the upwelling occurs in the near-shore area. The favorable winds to the upwelling are relaxed in August and the downwelling favorable northeasterly winds set in around late August. The change of wind direction causes the onshore transport of warm-and-fresh off-shore water into the sea near Naro-Do and a front between near-shore water and off·shore water is formed. Along the front, downwelling occurs and the environmental conditions for the diatom become unfavorable. When the typhoon and storm bring well-mixed East China Sea water into the sea near Naro-Do in September, the conditions for the dinoflagellates become unfavorable and blooming of C. polykrikoides disappears.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.315-316
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• 2001

Fourteen species of the family Penaeidae have been previously reported from the Korean waters (Kim, 1977: Cha et al., 2001). Recent collections from the coastal waters of Korea revealed the presence of two penaeid species, Metapenaeopsis lata Kubo, 1949 and Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris Alcock, 1906. These two species have been reported from Japan, East China Sea and Sou China Sea, and the Indo-West Pacific low South China Sea. We present brief notes of these species as two new members of the Korean fauna. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

It is well known some Foreign aircraft used to fly INCHEON FIR(Flight Information Region), especially the island of IEODO without a flight plan, even though foreign aircraft is subject to submitting a flight plan to Flight Information Center(FIC) before its flight. IEODO is a sunken rock 4.6m beneath the sea level, 149km away from Marado. Facing the Yangtze river's sea entrance horizontally and military zones of Korea and China vertically, IEODO is a very important place for national security of North East Asia because it is located at the boundary between China East Sea and Yellow Sea of South Korea. Moreover, JDZ(the 7th mine lot) is just 77NM from IEODO, which possesses natural gas eight times bigger than the gulf region and oil 4.5 times bigger than that of the U.S. In addition, INCHEON FIR, managed by MLTM(Air Traffic Control Center) and Japanese Self-Defense Force's JADIZ(Japanese Air Defense Identification Zone) are overlapping on IEODO whose air space is very complex. This paper focuses on air space, FIR, ADIZ(Air Defense Identification Zone) and related airspace system and suggests strategic implications of how to prevent foreign aircraft from invading INCHEON FIR without permission and of how to utilize the airspace efficiently.