• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.977-993
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• 2020

Sustainable tourism is the development of tourism activities to meet the current needs of tourists and indigenous peoples while paying attention to the conservation and improvement of resources for the development of tourism activities in the future (World Tourism Organization, 2013). With the aim of identifying factors affecting the development of sustainable tourism in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, the study conducted a typical survey of 160 tourism managers and 240 tourists traveling or have participated in tourism activities of 8 provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, and used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) analysis and regression analysis for analyzing the data. The research results show that 11 factors impact the development of sustainable tourism in the South Central Coast namely Institutions and policies for tourism development, Infrastructure, Tourism resources, Human resources for tourism, Diversity of tourism services, Relevant support services, Activities of association and cooperation for tourism development, Tourism promotion and encouragement, Tourists' satisfaction, Local community, and Other factors. At the same time, among the above factors, the factors Institutions and policies for tourism development, Infrastructure, Tourism resources, and Local community strongly impact the development of sustainable tourism in the region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2023

Surface water temperature of a bay (from the south to the north) increases in spring and summer, but decreases in autumn and winter. Due to shallow water depth, freshwater outflow, and weak current, the water temperature in the central to northern part of the bay is greatly affected by the land coast and air temperature, with large fluctuations. Water temperature variations are large in the north-east coast of the bay, but small in the south-west coast. The difference between water temperature and air temperature is greater in winter and in the south-central part of the bay than that in the north to the eastern coast of the bay where sea dykes are located. As the bay goes from south to north, the range of water temperature fluctuation and the phase show increases. When fresh water is released from the sea dike, the surrounding water temperature decreases and then rises, or rises and then falls. The first mode of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) represents seasonal variation of water temperature. The second mode represents the variability of water temperature gradient in east-west and north-south directions of the bay. In the first mode, the maximum and the minimum are shown in autumn and summer, respectively, consistent with seasonal distribution of surface water temperature variance. In the second mode, phases of the coast of Seosan~Boryeong and the east coast of Anmyeon Island are opposite to each other, bordering the center of the deep bay. Periodic fluctuation of the first mode time coefficient dominates in the one-day and half-day cycle. Its daily fluctuation pattern is similar to air temperature variation. Sea conditions and topographical characteristics excluding air temperature are factors contributing to the variation of the second mode time coefficient.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

This study grasped long-term changing tendency of shoreline during lately about 30 years in five region of South East coast, and analyzed long-term changing tendency of East coast shoreline and the factors that synthesized studies of Central and South East coast. As a result of calculating of shoreline variations using DSAS, each shoreline of Mangyangjeong and Josa region regressed mean 28.9m and 6.4m, but each shoreline of Goraebul, Daejin and Bonggil region progressed mean 25.0m, 10.6m and 18.8m. Synthesizing changing tendency of East coast shoreline, 1) progressive and regressive zones of shoreline in all regions seem to repeat. 2) looking at shoreline of south zone adjacent to lately constructed or extended breakwater progressed, because it is thought due to effect of a longshore current flowing north. 3) zones using beach relatively tends to regress shorelines. 4) progress and regress of shoreline in zones including estuary of stream are various features as change of deposit supply from a upstream region.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2004

Seaweed community of the sub tidal rocky habitats along the coast of Geumo Archipelago in the central South Sea of Korea is described. This area is characterized by archipelago in which islets are separated by shallow bottom sediments (primary, muddy sand), and turbidity is generally high due to the resuspension of bottom sediments. The hard substrata available for algal attachment are limited to less than 10 m in depth. Thirty sites were randomly chosen along the coast from August 2003 to September 2003 and a 50 m long transect was established at each site. The transect began at a depth of 1 m and ended at the depth of 9 m. The percent cover of all species other than crustose coralline algae was estimated at 2 m depth intervals along the transect using a 0.25 m$^2$ PVC quadrat with 25 squares. Thirty-six species were identified including 6 Chlorophyta, 10 Phaeophyta and 20 Rhodophyta. Species with more than 5% mean bottom cover were Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Amphiroa dilatata and Carpopeltis cornea, which formed dense turf-forming algal assemblages at 1-5 m depth. At all sites except S11-S15 located in the western coast of Sorido, bottom covers of seaweed species at the depth deeper than 7 m were less than 6%. The lower limit of algal assemblages was 9 m in depth. We speculate that the limited water clarity and vertical extent of hard substrata available for the settlement of seaweed species are the direct cause of reducing the diversity, abundance and distributional extent of algal assemblages in the area.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2010

In this paper South Africa is divided into strong wind climate zones, which indicate the main sources of annual maximum wind gusts. By the analysis of wind gust data of 94 weather stations, which had continuous climate time series of 10 years or longer, six sources, or strong-wind producing mechanisms, could be identified and zoned accordingly. The two primary causes of strong wind gusts are thunderstorm activity and extratropical low pressure systems, which are associated with the passage of cold fronts over the southern African subcontinent. Over the eastern and central interior of South Africa annual maximum wind gusts are usually caused by thunderstorm gust fronts during summer, while in the western and southern interior extratropical cyclones play the most dominant role. Along the coast and adjacent interior annual extreme gusts are usually caused by extratropical cyclones. Four secondary sources of strong winds are the ridging of the quasi-stationary Atlantic and Indian Ocean high pressure systems over the subcontinent, surface troughs to the west in the interior with strong ridging from the east, convergence from the interior towards isolated low pressure systems or deep coastal low pressure systems, and deep surface troughs on the West Coast.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.543-550
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• 2004

Dense macroalgal assemblages are a common feature of the rocky subtidal habitats along the coast of Geumo Archipelago in the central South Sea of Korea, but are highly variable in space. This study addresses two questions concerning the algal assemblages: (1) how variable the distribution, abundance and species composition of the assemblages are in space, and (2) how closely the distribution, abundance and species composition of the assemblages are correlated to the spatial variation in abiotic factors. To answer these questions, we investigated 30 sites along the coast in autumn of 2003. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that there were strong differences in the composition and abundance of species in the assemblages among the sites. The similarity among the sites based on presence/absence data was approximately 51%, whereas the similarity based on abundance data was less than 37%, suggesting that the abundance of species contributed much to these differences. There were also strong differences in the number of species, abundance and vertical distribution of the assemblages along the coast. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the number of species, abundance and vertical distribution of the assemblages had a positive relationship with water depth, but less than 58% of total variation in these variables was explained by this abiotic factor. The results suggest that spatial (between habitats) variation is an important and consistent component of subtidal algal assemblages in Geumo Archipelago and should be explained before any differences between localities are assessed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.45-56
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• 2024

Purpose: This study utilizes value chain analysis to investigate the distribution of benefits in the snubnose pompano product value chain, aiming to ascertain how these benefits are obtained by the farmers. Research design, data and methodology: The study approaches the assessment components from the economic analysis framework of the value chain. It investigates the various actors involved in the value chain of snubnose pompano fishery products in the South-Central Coast region of Vietnam from 2020 to 2022. Data collection is conducted through direct interviews with the actors utilizing survey questionnaires. Results: The results indicate that farmers, traders, and processors are key actors in the chain. The distribution of benefits between farmers and other actors has improved and tended towards greater harmony over the years. However, farmers receive benefits that are not commensurate with their value-added contribution. Farmers contribute the greatest value-added, but their profit margin share is not commensurate with the ratio of their value-added contribution to the chain. Farmers suffer the highest degrees of losses caused by price fluctuation and production risks, while other actors face smaller risks. Conclusions: The study offers some recommendations to adjust the distribution of benefits and risks among participants in this value chain.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

This study is to integratedly examine coastal management policy and marine tourism development project for Korean coasts, especially for the South Sea of high development pressure, presenting sustainable tourism development policies for the future. To do so, it is examined central government-level coastal development projects set up by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry cf Construction and Transportation, setting the direction of south coastal management and tourism development at a level of national territory planning. The problems of coastal management first and then the problems of the South Coast Tourism Belt Project are analyzed in order to present political and administrative alternatives. To overcome such problems and make Korea a marine tourism base in East Asia, there is a need for re-recognition of the value of the project and its continuous push through cooperation between central and local governments. Also, under the presupposition of consensus building among local people and the sustainable development of environments, there should be are-recognition that the future cf Korean marine tourism in the 21st-century and the success of an inverted $\pi-axis$ national development depend on the South coastal Tourism Belt Development Project.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.221-235
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• 2006

In order to understand the transport mechanism of tidal beach sediments in Deukryang Bay, south coast of Korea, beach profiles, surface sediments, sedimentation rates and hydrodynamic conditions have been investigated. The beach is composed of a steep beach face and gentle low-tide terrace, showing general morphologic characteristics of tide dominated beach. Central beach face of an indented coast becomes flattened in summer, but ridge and runnel system developed in other seasons makes the beach profile rather irregular. These seasonal variations of beach profiles and sedimentation rate indicate that beach sedimentation is mainly controlled by both tide and wave processes. Erosion is prevalent in winter when strong wind wave is dominant, while deposition is dominant in other seasons. However, central beach showed an apparent erosional phase in summer. This is caused by strong waves induced by southerly strong winds occurring ephemerally during the summer. On the other hand, sedimentation rates are -89.2 mm/yr on the central beach and 60.5 mm/yr and 38.2 mm/yr on the sides. This result suggests that sediments are eroded on the central beach and subsequently transported to the both sides. Therefore, the central part of Sumun beach, used as a beach bathing site, will be continuously eroded, if nearby dyke continues to prevent the sediment supply from sources.