• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate sound sensation of Korean traditional silk fabrics with similar sound pressure levels (SPL) and to identify secondary physical factors excluding SPL which determine sound sensation of the fabrics. Sounds of the silk fabrics tended to be perceived differently from one another as for some of sensation such as clearness ant roughness. They were felt more strongly in aspects of loudness, roughness, and highness than of softness, sharpness, clearness, and pleasantness. Subjective clearness, roughness, and highness were significantly correlated with some of sound parameters including roughness(z), ${\Delta}L,\;and\;{\Delta}f$. Especially, both of clearness and roughness which were varied among the fabrics were found as determined by ${\Delta}L$. This result means that ${\Delta}L$ as well as roughness(z) and ${\Delta}f$ could be utilized secondary to SPL in order to satisfy some of human sensibility for sound from traditional silk fabrics without variation of physical loudness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2000

In order to investigate the relationship between fabric sound parameters and subjective sensation, each sound from 60 fabrics was recorded and analyzed by Fast Fourier transform. Level pressure of total sound (LPT), three coefficients (ARC, ARF, ARE) of auto regressive models, loudness (Z), and sharpness (Z) by Zwickers model were estimated as sound parameters. For subjective evaluation, seven sensation (softness, loudness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, highness, and pleasantness) was rated by both semantic differential scale (SDS) and free modulus magnitude estimation (FMME). As the results, the ARC values were positively proportional to both LPT and loudness (Z) values. In both of SDS and FMME, softness, clearness, and pleasantness were negatively correlated with loudness, sharpness, roughness, and highness. In regression models, softness and clearness by FMME were negatively affected by LPT뭉 ARC, while loudness, sharpness, roughness, and highness were positively expected. Regression models for pleasantness showed low values for R2.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.199-203
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effects of cross-sectional shapes on the sound characteristics of polyester fibers, 10 specimens were woven into a twill structure made of round, hollow, triangular, u-shape, cruciform, and composite cross-sectional (▲/▲ ,()/▲, Y/Y) fibers. Their rustling sounds were recorded, and their sound spectra were obtained from FFT analysis. Physical sound parameters (LPT, ΔL, Δf) and Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters of the loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) were calculated from the sound spectra. According to noncircular cross-section fibers, the hollow shaped fiber had the highest value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z). The triangular shaped fiber had a lower value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z), and roughness(Z) than those of the round shaped fiber. Among composite cross-section fibers, C1(▲/▲) and C3 (Y/Y) had higher values of LPT, ΔL, Δf and loudness(Z) but C2(()/▲) had lower values. Also the LPT, ΔL, sharpness(Z), and roughness(Z) values of different denier were similar to each other, but the Δf and loudness(Z) values increased as the denier increased.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

The trends of recent passenger ships are becoming speedy and luxury style to enhance comfortableness in cabin. In order to meet these trend, ship designer has to improve the sound quality as well as to reduce the sound pressure level in cabins. In this paper, the trend of noise and sound quality of real high-speed coastal passenger ships are measured and analyzed, while running on their regular courses. The sound quality parameters such as loudness, roughness, fluctuation strength, and sharpness are evaluated by Zwicker loudness calculation. In addition, we try to find sensitive critical frequency band for the improving sound quality by using signal editing. Finally, the expected effective design methods are proposed to designer for the improving sound quality of passenger ships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.605-615
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate sound characteristics including sound parameters and subjective sensation, and primary hand values related with sound of fabrics for blouse, and furthermore to predict subjective sound sensation with mechanical properties and sound parameters. Sound of specimens was analyzed by FFT. Level pressure of total sound(LPT), loudness(Z), coefficients of autoregressive(AR) functions for fitting the spectra, and sound color factors(ΔL and Δf) were obtained as sound parameters. Primary hand values for women's thin dress were calculated by using KES-FB. Subjective sensation for sound including softness, loudness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, highness, and pleasantness was evaluated by free modulus magnitude estimation. The results were as follows; 1. Fabrics for blouse showed similar spectral shapes to one another in that amplitude values were lower in most ranges of frequencies than fabrics for other uses. 2. It was found that fabrics for blouse were less louder because LPT, loudness(Z), and ARC values were lower than other fabrics. 3. Primary hand values indicated that specimens were soft-touched, flexible, and less crisp. Among primary hands related with sound, Shari values were higher for silk fabrics than for synthetic ones, while the values for Kishimi were similar, 4. Fabrics for blouse were rated more highly for softness, clearness, and pleasantness than for loudness, sharpness. roughness, and highness. Silk fabrics were evaluated more pleasant than synthetic fabrics. 5. Subjective sensation for sound of blouse fabrics were predicted with mechanical properties and physical sound parameters.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 2001

In order to investigate the relationship between subjective sensation for fabric sound and touch and the objective measurements, eight different apparel fabrics were selected as specimens. Sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total sound (LPT), level range (ΔL), and frequency differences (Δf) and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. For subjective evaluation, seven aspects of the sound (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and eight of the tough (hardness, smoothness, fineness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness, and thickness) were rated using semantic differential scale. Polyester ultrasuede was evaluated to sound softer and more pleasant while polyester taffeta to sound louder and rougher than any other fabrics. Wool fabric such as worsted and woolen showed similar sensation for sound but differed in some touch sensation in that woolen was coarseast, heaviest, and thickest in touch. In the prediction model for sound sensation, LPT affected positively subjective roughness and highness as well as loudness, while ΔL was found as a parameter related positively with softness and pleasantness. Touch sensation was explained by some of mechanical properties such as surface, compressional, shear, and bending properties implying that a touch sensation could be expressed by a variety of properties.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

It is known that the roughness is one of the most important metrics in assessing the sound quality. In this study, a new roughness model is suggested by combing the previous auditory filter model and several signal processing methods for the enhancement of calculation efficiency and accuracy. For testing the usefulness of the present model, the predicted responses are compared with the experimental data and it is observed that they are in good agreements. Also, it is found that the previous models have limitations to search frequency components mainly contributed to overall roughness. By modifying the correlation criteria of the present model, the revised model for the proper estimation of roughness-contributed components is embedded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.154-157
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• 1998

This study investigated the psychological and physiological responses to the sound of car horns produced by different. manufacturers. Ten female college students listened to the sound of the horns while their EEG responses on 6 sites were being measured, and rated each hem on psychological scales. Their EEG and psychological responses were investigated as to whether the responses were related to the loudness, sharpness, tonality, and roughness of the horns. The results indicated that the subjects felt more 'dominated' as the loudness and sharpness increased, that the subjects felt more 'pleasant' as the sharpness increased, that the subjects felt more 'dominant' as the tonality increased, and that the subjects felt more 'aroused' as the roughness increased. The physiological results showed that the fast alpha wave in the occipital lobe decreased in the relative power as the loudness, sharpness, and tonality increased, and that the delta wave in the occipital lobe increased and the slow alpha wave in the frontal lobe decreased in the relative power as the roughness increased.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2007

The sound wave in the sea propagates under the effect of water depth, sound speed structure, sea surface roughness, bottom roughness, and acoustic properties of bottom sediment. In shallow water, the bottom sediments are distributed very variously with place and the sound speed structure varying with time and space. In order to investigate the seasonal propagation characteristics of low-frequency sound wave in the Yellow Sea, propagation experiments were conducted along a track in the middle part of the Yellow Sea in spring, summer, and autumn. In this paper we consider seasonal variations of the sound speed profile and propagation loss based on the measurement results. Also we quantitatively investigate variation of bottom loss by dividing the propagation loss into three components: spreading loss, absorption loss, and bottom loss. As a result, the propagation losses measured in summer were larger than the losses in spring and autumn, and the propagation losses measured in autumn were smaller than the losses in spring. The spreading loss and the absorption loss did not show seasonal variations, but the bottom loss showed seasonal variations. So it was thought that the seasonal variation of the propagation loss was due to the seasonal change of the bottom loss and the seasonal variation of the bottom loss was due to the change of the sound speed profile by season.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.620-629
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• 2013

This study examines the rustling sound characteristics of electrospun nanofiber web laminates according to layer structures. This study assesses mechanical properties and frictional sounds (such as SPL); in addition, Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters (such as Loudness (Z), Sharpness (Z), Roughness (Z), and Fluctuation strength (Z)) were calculated using the Sound Quality Program (ver.3.2, B&K, Denmark). The result determined how to control these characteristics and minimize rustling sounds. A total of 3 specimens' frictional sound (generated at 0.63 m/s) was recorded using a Simulator for Frictional Sound of Fabrics (Korea Patent No. 10-2008-0105524) and SPLs were analyzed with a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The mechanical properties of fabrics were measured with a KES-FB system. The SPL value of the sound spectrum showed 6.84~58.47dB at 0~17,500Hz. The SPL value was 61.2dB for the 2-layer PU nanofiber web laminates layered on densely woven PET(C1) and was the highest at 65.1dB for the 3-layer PU nanofiber web laminates (C3). Based on SPSS 18.0, it was shown that there is a correlation between mechanical properties and psychoacoustic characteristics. Tensile properties (LT), weight (T), and bending properties (2HB) showed a high correlation with psychoacoustic characteristics. Tensile linearity (LT) with Loudness (Z) showed a negative correlation coefficient; however, weight (T) with Sharpness (Z) and Roughness (Z), and bending hysteresis (2HB) with Roughness (Z) indicated positive correlation coefficients, respectively.