• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise on balance and ambulation of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: 10 subjects who participated in this research undertook the 12-week the lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise program, which consisted of a series of mat exercises and sling exercises. The statistical significances were examined by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a non-parametric test, for evaluating the improvement of balance and ambulation of the subjects. In order to evaluate the correlation among the variables, Pearson's correlation coefficients were also calculated. In all statistical analyses the significance level was selected as ${\alpha}$=0.05. Results: Berg balance scale(BBS) was significantly increased after the intervention(p<.05). Percentage weight bearing(PWB) was decreased after the intervention, but there was no significant difference. Time up and go test(TUG) value was significantly decreased(p<.05). Gait velocities was increased after the intervention, but there was no significance. Stride length, step lengths of the affected side and the sound side were significantly increased after the intervention(p<.05). In the correlation analyses of the measures before the intervention, TUG had significant negative correlation to BBS and gait velocity(p<.05). Stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side had significant positive correlation between themselves(p<.01). In the correlation analyses of the measures after the intervention, TUG had significant negative correlation to BBS and gait velocity(p<.05). BBS revealed significant positive correlations to stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side(p<.05). Stride length, step lengths of the sound side and the affected side had significant positive correlation between themselves(p<.01). Conclusion: Based upon the outcomes as above, it is likely that the muscle strength exercises have substantial effects on balance and ambulation of children with cerebral palsy. Thus various lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise programs are required to be studied and developed in order to contribute to functional improvements of children with cerebral palsy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

본 논문은 공감각의 한 부분인 색청(colored-hearing) 공감각을 이용한 사운드-컬러 신호 변환에 관한 연구로서, 인간이 인지 할 수 있는 오감 중 공감각적 변환이 가장 많이 일어나는 청각과 시각을 이용한 실시간 변환 시스템의 구축을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 음-색 실시간 변환 방법으로서, 입력으로 사용하는 MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) 신호에서 음계(scale), 옥타브(octave) 및 음의 세기(velocity)를 추출한 후 HSI 컬러모델의 기본 요소인 색상(hue), 명도(intensity) 및 채도(saturation)에 각각 대응하여 변환하는 방법으로 단순하지만 직관적인 방법을 사용한다. 변환된 HSI 컬러 모델은 모니터 출력을 위해 RGB 컬러 모델로 최종 변환하여 출력한다. 실험에서, MIDI 입력신호 전송 H/W 시스템과 VC++ 기반 해당 사운드-컬러 변환 입 출력 S/W 모니터링 시스템을 구축하여 사운드에서 컬러로의 출력이 제안한 방식에 따라 값이 출력됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2015

동해에는 주변 수온보다 온도가 높은 난수성 소용돌이가 자주 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 난수성 소용돌이의 발생은 음속구조의 변화를 야기해 음전달특성을 변화시키게 되며, 특히 원거리 음전달에 큰 영향을 줄 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 난수성 소용돌이가 확인되는 2007년 3월 23일의 수온자료를 재분석한 자료를 이용하여 난수성 소용돌이가 원거리 음전달에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구를 위해 포물선 방정식 모델을 이용해 음파 전달손실과 평균 직접 신호초과 거리를 이용한 탐지거리 성능분포분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 난수성 소용돌이의 존재는 난수성 소용돌이가 존재하지 않을 때와는 매우 다른 음전달 특성을 보여주고 있으며, 특히 난수성 소용돌이의 경계는 음전달의 제한적인 요소가 될 수 있기 때문에 원거리 음전달에 불리할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 난수성 소용돌이에 의한 원거리 음전달의 제한은 해저 심도가 낮을수록 더 커지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1981

This paper descirbes about effects of refraction of ultrasonic beam on B-mode tomogram. Both compution based on Snell's law and the experiments performed using B-mode scanner and schlieren optical method are discussed on a circular phantom immersed in water. In these results, if the discrepancy of sound velocity is more than 0. 6%, the distortion of the B-mode image becomes conspicuous and a target beyound the phantom may disappear or displayed as two targets depending on the velocity of the phantom.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1986

The gating design of gray cast iron was programmed in a Personal computer. By this program, casting test was done. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Gating design that can calculate the velocity of metal flow and size in each gate section by knowing the loss coefficient caused by friction loss and bend loss was programmed. 2. In the test casting, the gating ratio was changed into 1.1:1.3:1, 1:2:2, 1:4:4. And sound casting, free of sand washing defect, was obtained at the velocity of 35.5cm/sec in ingate.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 실시간으로 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)를 이용하여 음악을 연주학 수 있는 전자음악장갑 (Electronic Music Glove, EMG) 시스템을 소개한다. 마이크로 컨트롤러를 통해 장갑으로부터 입력받은 아날로그 신호를 분석하고, 이 신호를 MIDI 메시지로 변환한 후, 컴퓨터에 내장된 사운드카드의 MIDI 음원을 이용하여 스피커로 음악을 재생한다. 컴퓨터의 직렬 포트를 통해 손가락에 부탁된 센서들과 풋 스위치의 상태를 입력받아 C++ 언어로 작성한 프로그램에서 MIDI 메시지로 변환한다. EMG 시스템은 음표의 옥타브와 음표의 길이, 그리고 코러스나 잔향, 리듬 그리고 볼륨과 같은 다양한 음악적 효과를 MIDI를 이용해 제어할 수 있다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The integration of auditory-visual speech information improves speech perception; however, if the auditory system input is disrupted due to hearing loss, auditory and visual inputs cannot be fully integrated. Additionally, temporal coincidence of auditory and visual input is a significantly important factor in integrating the input of these two senses. Time delayed acoustic pathway caused by the signal passing through digital signal processing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of hearing loss and hearing aid digital delay circuit on sound-induced flash illusion. Subjects and Methods: A total of 13 adults with normal hearing, 13 with mild to moderate hearing loss, and 13 with moderate to severe hearing loss were enrolled in this study. Subsequently, the sound-induced flash illusion test was conducted, and the results were analyzed. Results: The results showed that hearing aid digital delay and hearing loss had no detrimental effect on sound-induced flash illusion. Conclusions: Transmission velocity and neural transduction rate of the auditory inputs decreased in patients with hearing loss. Hence, the integrating auditory and visual sensory cannot be combined completely. Although the transmission rate of the auditory sense input was approximately normal when the hearing aid was prescribed. Thus, it can be concluded that the processing delay in the hearing aid circuit is insufficient to disrupt the integration of auditory and visual information.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.548-555
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• 2012

Ultrasonic velocity and density measurements have been undertaken for a number of binary liquid mixtures involving different commercial solvent extractants, LIX reagents. The binary mixtures under investigation have been classified under two categories such as polar-polar, and polar-non-polar types. Different theories and relations such as Schaaff's Collision Factor Theory (CFT), Nomoto's relation (NOM), and Van Dael & Vangeel ideal mixing relation (IMR) have been used to evaluate the velocity theoretically for all these binary systems. The relative merits of afore-mentioned theories and relations compared to experimental values of velocity have been discussed in terms of percentage variations. However, the CFT and Nomoto's relation show better agreement with the experimental findings than the ideal mixing relation for all the systems under investigation.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.596-600
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• 2009

We are developing a simple low-cost wind velocity sensor based on small microphones. The sensor system consists of 4 microphones covered with specially shaped wind screens, 4 pre-amplifiers that respond to low frequency, and a commercial sound interface with multi channel inputs. In this paper, we first present the principle of the sensor, i.e., technique to successfully suppress the influence of external noise existing in the environment in order to determine the wind velocity and the wind direction from the output from a microphone. Then, we present an application for generating realistic motions of a virtual tree swaying in real wind. Although the current sensor outputs significant leaps in a measured sequence of directions, the interactive animations demonstrate that it is usable for such applications, if we could reduce the leaps to some degree.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.150-160
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• 1998

Measuring temperature with ultrasonic wave apparatus is desirable in the case of both below 300$0^{\circ}C$ and ideal gas because of the fact that the temperature of gas is the function of only sound velocity. In this study, being used a heatable wind channel and a blower, the variation of temperature is observed in accordance with diverse flow rate(air velocity). The frequency modulation method is used to measure the temperature which is varying in hot air flow till 10$0^{\circ}C$. The length changed in the position of ultrasonic sensors is considered. Also, the effects of air velocity at the same temperature and various facing angles of ultrasonic sensors are considered. As a result of this study, it has been found that the temperature in gas flow is correctly measured regardless of both the distance of ultrasonic sensors and the variation of air velocity, and that there is just a little influence of facing angles.