• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2006

The assessment of an urban site depends on the way whether it responds to multiple needs such as functionality, aesthetic and complex comfort of acoustic, thermal, lighting and air quality etc. This study aims to investigate the assessment of various urban soundscapes in the sense of acoustic amenity by the questionnaires. As a result, acoustic amenity assessment was influenced by the non-acoustic factors such as environment assessment of visual, thermal, air quality etc. In the sense of sound quality, urban environmental sound was interpreted as 3 factors of strength, evolution of time, spacial localization. So these factors would be considered in the new assessment method for acoustic amenity. And it was shown that the subjects tend to perceive the noise level less than $3{\sim}5dB\;L_{eqA}$ according to the urban landscapes under the similar noise exposure level.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

A variety of noise control methods have been developed as an interest on noise issues increases. Among them, noise control methods using masking effect, a phenomenon to reduce the ability to notice the unwanted sound by proper sound, to implement a pleasant sound environment have been studied under the name of soundscape. We proposed a novel vector base amplitude panning(VBAP) based noise control method to apply to the building environment. The proposed method could improve the amenity inside the building to reproduce the sounds with excellent masking effect on the incoming path of noise using the control speakers, considering the direction of noise source. The directional masking sounds can be generated by using VBPA technique. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we carried out the subjective test for the degree of amenity according to direction of the masking sound. Subjective test results showed that it is possible to improve the amenity inside the building by controlling the direction of masking sound considering the human's auditory characteristic.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

In this study, the three sounds effects on subjects due to EEG type, and it researched to find optimal sound to increase their amenity and productivity. EEG and HRV were compared and analyzed in the environmental test room by classifying subjects into two type: A and B. The condition of the environmental test room was in temperature $31[^{\circ}C]$, relative humidity 50[RH%], air current speed 0.02[m/s] and illuminance 1000[lux] with setting up three different sounds which are U type sound, V type sound and Z type sound. The result of this study, at U type sound for A and B type, relative $M{\alpha}$ wave, relative $M{\beta}$ wave and SEF50 were revitalized. Also at Z type sound for A and B type, stress index, fatigue degree and HRT were decreased and SDNN was revitalized. Therefore U type sound is very effective to increase amenity, productivity and concentration, and Z type sound is very effective to decrease stress and fatigue degree.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.980-987
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• 2005

It is very difficult to reduce ambient noise level in the downtown. The best method is to improve the sound amenity of the districts, considering concept of soundscape. This study aims to survey the effect of introducing sound and masking to reduce the background noise level. We carried out the evaluating test for 18 introducing sounds varied S/N ratio(-5, 0, +5) in the city riverside. In these test, subjects evaluated the sound environment with five bipolar adjective scales. It was evaluated that introducing sounds improved the sound environment, and that S/N +5 dB was very appropriate to mask the background noise. But the hearing level was suggested to be S/N 0 dB or less.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.607-610
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• 2005

It is very difficult to reduce traffic noise level in the downtown. The best method is to improve the sound amenity of the districts, considering concept of soundscape. ?his study aims to survey the effect of introducing sound and masking to reduce the background noise level. We carried out the evaluating test for 18 introducing sounds varied S/N ratio(-5, 0, +5) in the city riverside. In these test, subjects evaluated the sound environment with five bipolar adjective scales. It was evaluated that introducing sounds improved the sound environment and that S/N + 5dB was very appropriate to mask the background noise. But the hearing level was suggested to be S/N 0 dB or less.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.678-681
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• 2005

The assessment of an urban site depends on the way it responds to multiple needs such as functionality, aesthetic and complex comfort of acoustic, thermal, lighting and air quality This study aims to investigate the assessment of various urban soundscapes in the sense of acoustic amenity by the questionnaires. As a result, acoustic amenity assessment was influenced by the non-acoustic factors such as environment assessment of visual, thermal, air quality etc.. And it was shown that the subjects tend to perceive the noise level less than 3$\sim$10dB L$_{Aeq}$ under the similar noise exposure level according to the urban landscapes.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.599-602
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• 2005

This paper describes a experimental study determining the effects of the type and loudness of introducing sounds on the amenity and the masking degree of background noise. 132 relative test sounds with 11 types of introducing sounds and 3 steps of road traffic noise were presented to 29 subjects through headphone in the laboratory experiment. Seven scale of polar adjective such as 'Strong Weak', 'Pleasant Unpleasant', 'Clear Unclear', 'Suitable Unsuitable', 'Comfortable-Discomfortable' was employed for the evaluation of amenity. And Seven scale of mono polar adjective such as 'Very-Not at all' was employed for the evaluation of masking degree against road traffic noise. The results are as follows; Green music was evaluated the highest amenity among test sounds and murmurs of a stream, signal music, song of a bird, crying of insect was showed the amenity rank of order. The softer and weaker introducing sound was evaluated more suitable and comfortable under the road traffic noise. So adequate level of introducing sounds was considered for the desirable urban soundscape. Also the louder sounds compared to background noises had greater masking effects. But similar levels of introducing sounds were recommended considering both good amenity and masking effects.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.689-692
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• 2008

Noises from ceiling mounted air-conditioning units were recorded in various actual situations such as offices, classrooms and libraries. Eight specimens of air-conditioners from major domestic and foreign manufacturers' were investigated in this study. A head and torso simulator was located 1.5 m beneath the air-conditioner panel for the measurements and sound pressure levels of the recording sounds were varied from 28 to 55 dBA with 3 dB steps for subjective evaluations. A total of 88 stimuli was randomly presented to subjects using a headphone system in semi-anechoic chamber. Two-categorized (noisiness and amenity) nine-point scale was used as evaluation method. The third scale ('point 3') among the nine-point scale was set as the threshold of allowable level of the air-conditioning sounds in consideration of the real situations. The results indicate that the allowable sound pressure level is around 34 dBA for both noisiness and amenity categories.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2007

This study aims to know the effect of road traffic noise perception when the visual and aural information is added in a laboratory experiment. ME (magnitude estimation) and SD (semantic differential method) evaluation on the effect of visual and aural effect were carried out by 43 university students. As the result, up to 10 % of psychological reduction effect was shown under the 65 dB(A). As the noise level, it was analyzed that the vision affected about 7 dB(A) and sound affected 5 dB(A). However, if these two are given simultaneously, mainly sound affects to reduce the annoyance of noise and the vision next. Compared with the urban central circumstances, this effect (2 dB(A) under 65 dB(A) noise) was shown smaller than field test.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2002년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제21권 1호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2002

이 연구는 도시공간의 어메니티를 실현하기 위한 수단으로서 사운드스케이프(soundscape)에 관한 연구조사의 결과를 소개한다. 사운드스케이프 및 사운드스케이프 디자인에 관한 개념과 사상을 고찰하고, 남원시의 사운드스케이프 조사를 예로 하여 지역에 있어서 음, 인간 및 환경과의 관계로부터 사운드 어메니티(sound amenity)를 실현하는데 있어서 음이 갖는 의미와 역할을 모색한다. 사운드스케이프 조사방법으로써 문헌조사, 필드조사 및 설문조사를 이용하여 남원지역의 음풍경을 조사${\cdot}$분석하고, 그 시대적, 계절적, 시간적인 음풍경의 변화와 현상, 그리고 지역주민의 음에 관한 인식특성을 파악한다. 조사결과, 지역에 있어서 자연환경을 보존하고 축제등의 전통적인 생활문화를 계승하는 것은 지역의 사운드스케이프와 어메니티 형성에 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 또한 도시공간의 사운드스케이프 연구는 이러한 일련의 조사연구활동 및 교육활동 등을 포함한 다양한 활동과 여러 영역에서의 유기적인 교류활동이 이루어져야 쾌적한 음환경 창조가 가능하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.