• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.104-109
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• 2005

This paper describes the effect of the split injection on combustion and emission characteristics in a common rail diesel engine at various operating conditions. The combustion pressures and exhaust emissions such as $NO_x$ and soot were measured at various split injection timings. The experimental apparatus of this study is composed of 4 cylinder engine installed with piezoelectric pressure sensor, EC dynamometer, and exhaust gas analyzer for the measurement of $NO_x$, CO, HC and soot emissions. Results show that the split injection has a great effect on reducing the rapid premixed combustion and $NO_x$ emissions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to develop an integrated urea-SCR catalytic filter system for reducing soot and $NO_X$ emissions simultaneously in diesel engines. In this study, the characteristics of exhaust emissions relative to reactive activation temperature under four kinds of engine loads are experimentally investigated by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, direct injection type, water-cooled turbo intercooler ECU common-rail diesel engine with the integrated urea-SCR $MnO_2-V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2/SiC$ catalytic filter system operating at three kinds of engine speeds. The urea-SCR reactor is used to reduce $NO_X$ emissions, and the catalytic filter system is used to reduce soot emissions. The reactive activation temperature is very important for reacting a reducing agent with exhaust emissions. The reactive activation temperatures in this experiment is applied to 523, 573 and 623 K. The fuel is sprayed by the pilot and main injections at the variable injection timing between BTDC $15^{\circ}$ and ATDC $1^{\circ}$ according to experimental conditions. It is found that the $NO_X$ conversion rate is the highest as 83.9% at the reactive activation temperature of 523 K in all experimental conditions of engine speed and load, and the soot emissions shown by the average reduction rate of approximately 93.3% are almost decreased below 0.6% in all experimental conditions regardless of reactive activation temperatures. Also, the THC and CO emissions by oxidation reaction of Mn, V and Ti are shown in the average reduction rates of 70.3% and 38% regardless of all experimental conditions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2002

A study on the exhaust emissions of marine diesel engine with various fuel injection timing is performed experimentally .In this paper, fuel injection timing is changed from BTDC $14^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ by $2^{\circ}$ intervals, the experiments are performed at engine speed 1800rpm and from load 0% to 100% by 25% intervals, and main measured parameters are fuel consumption rate, Soot, NOx, HC and CO emissions etc. The obtained conclusions are as follows (1) Specific fuel consumption is indicated the least value at BTDC $18^{\circ}$ of fuel injection timing and it is increased in case of leading the injection timing. (2) Soot emission is decreased in case of leading fuel injection timing and it is increased in the form of convex downwards with increasing the load. (3) NOx emission is increased in case of leading fuel injection timing and it is increased in the form of straight line nearly with increasing the load. (4) HC and CO emissions are decreased in case of leading fuel injection timing and they are changed in the form of convex downwards with increasing the load.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집(Proceeding of the KOSME 2001 Autumn Annual Meeting)
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• pp.50-56
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• 2001

A study on the exhaust emissions of diesel engine with various fuel injection timing is peformed experimentally. In this paper, fuel injection timing is changed from BTDC $14^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ by $2^{\circ}$ intervals, the experiments are performed at engine speed 1800rpm and from load 25% to 100% by 25% intervals, and main measured parameters are fuel consumption rate, Soot, NOx. HC and CO emissions etc. The obtained conclusions are as follows (1) Specific fuel consumption is indicated the least value at BTDC $18^{\circ}$ of fuel injection timing and it is increased in case of leading the injection timing. (2) Soot emission is decreased in case of leading fuel injection timing and it is increased in the form of convex downwards with increasing the load. (3) $NO_x$ emission is increased in case of leading fuel injection timing and it is increased in the form of straight line nearly with increasing the load. (4) HC and CO emissions are decreased in case of leading fuel injection timing and they are changed in the form of convex downwards with increasing the load.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.129-132
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• 2012

Computation is performed to predict number density, volume fraction and size distribution of soot particles in typical operating conditions of a diesel engine. KIVA has been integrated with the CMC routine to consider turbulence/chemistry coupling and gas phase kinetics for heat release and soot precursors. The compositions of soot precursors are estimated by tracking Lagrangian particles to consider spatial inhomogeneity and differential diffusion in KIVA. The soot simulator SWEEP is employed as a postprocessing step to calculate conditional and integral quantities of soot particles.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2014

본 논문은 카놀라 바이오디젤 혼합연료를 승용디젤엔진에 적용하였을 때 나타나는 연소 및 배기배출물 특성에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 카놀라 바이오디젤을 20%, 40%를 ULSD 80%, 60%와 체적비로 혼합한 혼합연료를 사용하여 ULSD 결과 데이터와 비교하였다. 엔진 회전속도, 엔진부하, 연료분사압력 변화를 실험변수로 사용하였으며. 카놀라 바이오 디젤의 혼합비가 증가 할수록 NOx 배출량은 증가하였지만, Soot 배출량은 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 Soot 배출량은 낮은 연료분사압력에서 높은 배출량을 보였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2017

In flight particulate matter particularly emissions generated by incomplete combustion processes has become a subject of global concern due to the health problems and environmental impacts associated with them. This has compelled most countries to set standards for coarse and fine particles due to their conspicuous impacts on environment and public health. This contribution therefore explores forest fire emissions and how its particulates affects air quality, damage to vegetation, water bodies and biological functions as architects for lung diseases and other degenerative illnesses such as oxidative stress and aging. Soot was collected from simulated forest fire using a clean glass surface and carefully transferred into amber vials for analysis. Volatile components of soot were collected over 10 mL dichloromethane and analyzed using a QTOF Premier-Water Corp Liquid Chromatography hyphenated to a mass selective detector (MSD), and Gas Chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). To characterize the size and surface morphology of soot, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The characterization of molecular volatiles from simulated forest fire emissions revealed long chain compounds including octadec-9-enoic acid, octadec-6-enoic acid, cyclotetracosane, cyclotetradecane, and a few aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and naphthalene). Special classes of organics (dibenzo-p-dioxin and 2H-benzopyran) were also detected as minor products. Dibenzo-p-dioxin for instance in chlorinated form is one of the deadliest environmental organic toxins. The average particulate size of emissions using SEM was found to be $11.51{\pm}4.91{\mu}m$. This study has shown that most of the emissions from simulated forest fire fall within $PM_{10}$ particulate size. The molecular by-products of forest fire and particulate emissions may be toxic to both human and natural ecosystems, and are possible precursors for various respiratory ailments and cancers. The burning of a forest by natural disasters or man-made fires results in the destruction of natural habitats and serious air pollution.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

In this study, the coupled simulation of fuel injection model and three-dimensional KIVA-3V code was tried to develop an algorism for predicting the effects of varying fuel injection parameter on the characteristics of fuel injection and emissions. The numerical simulations were performed using STAR-CD code in order to calculate the intake air flow, and the combustion characteristics is examined by KIVA-3V code linked with the conditional moment closure(CMC) model to predict mean turbulent reaction rate. Parametric investigation with respect to twelve relevant injection parameters shows that appropriate modification of control chamber orifice diameter, needle valve spring constant and nozzle chamber orifice diameter can significantly reduce NOx and soot emissions. Consequently, it is needed to optimize the fuel injection system to reduce the specific emissions such as NOx and soot.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.9-10
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• 2005

A study on the combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics by using Emulsion Fuel in Diesel Engine is performed experimentally. In this paper, the experiments are performed at engine speed 1800rpm, emulsion fuel ratio is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and main measured items are specific fuel consumption, NOx and Soot emissions etc. The obtained conclusions are as follows. 1) Specific fuel consumption increase maximum 19.8% at low load, but is not effected at full load. 2) NOx emissions decrease 30% in case of emulsion fuel ratio 25% at full load. 3) Soot emission decrease 58.9% in case of emulsion fuel ratio 25% at full load.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.60-77
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• 1992

The effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of exhaust emissions and specific fuel consumption have been investigated using an eight-cylinder, four cycle, direct injection diesel engine operating at several loads and speeds. The experiments in this study are conducted on the fixed fuel injection timing of $38^{\circ}$ BTDC regardless of experimental conditions. In conclusion, it is found that $NO_{x}$ emission is markedly reduced with the drop of burnt gas temperature at high speeds and loads especially as the EGR rate increases, while the soot particulate rises with EGR rate and load at a given engine speed, especially high loads. The reduction of exhaust emissions within the Korea heavy duty diesel engine emission standards can be roughly achieved by the optimal EGR rate without degarding the specific fuel consumption, based on the correlations between exhaust emissions.