• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2021

Various surface colors are predicted and implemented using the interference color generated by controlling the thickness of nano-level diamond like carbon (DLC) thin film. Samples having thicknesses of up to 385 nm and various interference colors are prepared using a single crystal silicon (100) substrate with changing processing times at low temperature by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The thickness, surface roughness, color, phases, and anti-scratch performance under each condition are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, colorimeter, micro-Raman device, and scratch tester. Coating with the same uniformity as the surface roughness of the substrate is possible over the entire experimental thickness range, and more than five different colors are implemented at this time. The color matched with the color predicted by the model, assuming only the reflection mode of the thin film. All the DLC thin films show constant D/G peak fraction without significant change, and have anti-scratch values of about 19 N. The results indicate the possibility that nano-level DLC thin films with various interference colors can be applied to exterior materials of actual mobile devices.

• 복식
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2011

Public uniforms play an important role in creating the color and image of urban environment beyond the level of simple working clothes for unity and practicality. Hence this study aims to compare and analyze the color characteristics and images of the police officer, fire fighter, and street cleaner uniforms at home and abroad to guarantee the wearer's safety, increase convenience and agreeability, and give emotional satisfaction to citizens in harmony with urban environment color as public uniforms. For study methods, literature review investigated urban environment, color, and uniforms as public design. Empirical study extracted color data from the public worker uniforms of the world's top 20 cities selected by 'Newsweek' in 2010 and analyzed their colors, tones, and color images. The results of this study are as follows. The most common color for police uniforms were PB(dk) as the main color, PB(p) as the sub color, and Wh as the accent color. For fire fighter uniforms, PB(dkg) was the most common main color; GY(v), as the sub color; and ItGy, as the accent color. The most common color for street cleaner uniforms was YR(v) as the main color; GY(v), as the sub color; and mGy, as the accent color. As a result of analyzing color images of these uniforms, it was found that police uniforms commonly used a modern image; fire fighter uniforms commonly used a natural image and a cool casual image; and street cleaner uniforms commonly used a casual image. As examined above, the color of public uniforms suitable for urban environment and job characteristics is very important to establish the image of public institutions, as well as to create an urban image.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to help the consumer about the care of nonwoven fabrics by investigation of the properties such as launderability. shrinkage, color fastness and strenth. Materials used were two types, soft and stiff, of commercial nonwoven fabrics. Deter-gents used were neutral detergents, synthetic detergents and dry cleaning solutions(perch-toro-ethylene) The results of this study were summerized as follows; 1. Laundering of nonwoven fabrics in low temperature is more ideal as morphological changes by laundering in high temperature were more prominent than that in low temperature. 2. Ironing of nonwoven fabrics wants more attention on environmental temperature as the rate of shrinkage in high temperature was higher than that in low temperature. Neutral detergents are more desirable as the rate of shrinkage of nonwoven fabrics by laundering with synthetic detergents was more prominent than that with neutral deter-gents. The rate of shringkage of nonwoven fabrics was not affected by dry cleanining. 3. Special care is wanted in order to prevent color transfer from non woven fabrics to polyester or wool during dry cleaning or laundering as the color fastness test show that color changes of nonwoven fabrics were not affected, but that color stain was increased on polyester or wool. 4. The strength was affected by composition of fibers and types of nonwoven fabrics, soft or stiff.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2012

The color of a natural diamond that contains nitrogen impurities can be enhanced by a high pressure high temperature (HPHT) treatment. Type IaAB diamond samples containing nitrogen impurities were executed by HPHT process of 5.6 Gpa, 10 min by varying the annealing temperature at 1600, 1650, and $1700^{\circ}C$. Property characterization was carried out using an optical microscope, FT-IR spectrometer, low-temperature PL spectrometer, and micro Raman spectrometer. By observing optical micrographs, it can be seen that diamond sample began to alter its color to vivid yellow at $1700^{\circ}C$. In the FT-IR spectrum, there were no Type changes of the diamond samples. However, amber centers leading to brown colors lessened after $1700^{\circ}C$ annealing. In the PL spectrum, all the H4 centers became extinct, while there were no changes of yellow color center H3 before or after treatment. In the Raman spectrum, no graphite spots were detected. Consequently, diamond color enhancement can be done by higher than $1700^{\circ}C$ HPHT annealing at 5.6 GPa-10 min.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2005

We prepared nickel silicide layers from p-Si(l00)/SiO₂(2000 Å)/poly-Si(700 Å)/Ni(400 Å) structures, feasible for gates in MOSFETs, by annealing them from 500℃～900℃ for 30 minutes. We measured the color coordination in visible range, cross sectional micro-structure, and surface topology with annealing temperature by an UV-VIS-IR spectrometer, field effect scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), and scanning probe micro-scope respectively. We conclude that we may identify the nickel silicide by color difference of 0.90 and predict the silicide process reliability by color coordination measurement. The nickel silicide layers showed similar thickness while the columnar grains size and surface roughness increased as annealing temperature increased.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Optical characteristics including the view angle and color temperature uniformity of LED packages with an integrated lens fabricated by compression molding method are investigated according to lens shape, lens materials, and phosphor coating methods. Four types of lens shape are designed and their optical output power dependence on the refractive index of silicone encapsulant are evaluated. Also, spatial color temperature uniformities of packages fabricated with different phosphor coating methods-direct coating on a chip vs. uniformly mixed with silicone encapsulant- are compared at various view angles. As the result, it is found that phosphor coating method is more effective on color temperature uniformity than lens shape. The maximum color temperature difference of a package with direct coating of phosphor on a chip is 1,340K according to the view angle at the color temperature of 5,000K, and that of a package with uniformly mixed phosphor is 250K, which indicates 1,090K improvement of color uniformity for the latter case.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.761-763
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• 2015

Colors have been derived from the observed optical spectrum of Mars and Jupiter. It is known that the planets and the Moon emit reflected sunlight and thus their spectra are similar to the spectrum of solar radiation. The question was then why is the color of Mars different from that of other planets, i.e. red, although it would share the same spectrum of reflected sunlight. Can one derive color from the spectrum? Therefore, we observed the optical spectra of the scattered sunlight in day time for the Moon and Mars using a 1-D array spectrograph on the 12-inch reflecting telescope in the Korea Science Academy of KAIST in Busan, Korea. We adopted the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931 of three spectral sensitivity peaks for the human eye in short, medium and long wavelengths in visible light. The observed spectra were imposed on CIE sensitivities and the color detected by the human eye was derived. The Mars spectrum represents red color and the Moon white. It is a similar color to that which a human would see. This result means that color is easily derived from astronomical spectra. The appearance of the planets surface can be determined for Mars, which is the result of iron oxide.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

The properties of 18 K red gold solder alloys were investigated by changing the content of In up to 10.0 wt% in order to replace the hazardous Cd element. Cupellation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to check the composition of each alloy, and FE-SEM and UV-VIS-NIR-Colormeter were employed for microstructure and color characterization. The melting temperature, hardness, and wetting angle of the samples were determined by TGA-DTA, the Vickers hardness tester, and the Wetting angle tester. The cupellation result confirmed that all the samples had 18K above 75.0wt%-Au. EDS results showed that Cu and In elements were alloyed with the intended composition without segregation. The microstructure results showed that the amount of In increased, and the grain size became smaller. The color analysis revealed that the proposed solders up to 10.0 wt% In showed a color similar to the reference 18 K substrate like the 10.0 wt% Cd solder with a color difference of less than 7.50. TGA-DTA results confirmed that when more than 5.0 wt% of In was added, the melting temperature decreased enough for the soldering process. The Vickers hardness result revealed that more than 5.0 wt% In solder alloys had greater hardness than 10.0 wt% Cd solder, which suggested that it was more favorable in making a wire type solder. Moreover, all the In solders showed a lower wetting angle than the 10.0 wt% Cd solder. Our results suggested that the In alloyed 18 K red gold solders might replace the conventional 10.0 wt% Cd solder with appropriate properties for red gold jewelry soldering.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

빠르게 변모하는 산업화와 외모 지상주의의 사회적 흐름에 따라 메이크업은 헤어미용, 피부미용, 네일미용과 함께 성공적 사회생활과 원만한 인간관계를 형성하기 위한 중요수단으로 작용하고 있다. 이에 개인이 선호하는 메이크업 컬러를 다각도로 조사하여 미용산업의 매출 증대를 도모할 현실적 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 광주광역시와 전라남도 거주하는 10대부터 40대 이상의 여성을 대상으로 외모관리 추구에 따른 메이크업 관심도와 컬러 선호도에 관하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 서비스직, 학생, 10대 이하에서 평소에 메이크업을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며 '갈색계열'(70.2%)의 아이 쉐도우 컬러와 '붉은 계열'의 치크 컬러(76.8%) 및 립 컬러(62.5%)를 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 뷰티숍의 매출 증대 도모는 물론 향후 메이크업 제품 개발을 위한 기초 자료 및 메이크업 미용인의 컬러 선택을 위한 응용자료로도 활용되리라 사료한다.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2003

This paper introduces a simulation study regarding the design for the installation of Color Rescheduling Storage (CRS) in an automobile factory. In the painting shop the colors of vehicles are changed frequently according to the assembly schedule. When the color of a vehicle is changed from one to another, the cleaning process of painting-gun is necessary and it generates costs. Therefore many of the automobile manufacturers equip the CRS in front of the Top Coat Booth of the painting shop. The major objective of CRS is to reduce the change over cost in the painting process by grouping vehicles having same color. In this paper the configuration of CRS and the input/output algorithms are explained. The suggested system is verified using simulation models and experiments are conducted. Finally the best alternative is suggested by sensitivity analysis and evaluation of investment feasibility.