• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2020

This study was designed to synthesize triglycerol monolaurate (TGML) with Lipozyme 435 as the catalyst, and explore its effects on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus) and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and the secretion of aflatoxin b1. The highest content of TGML (49.76%) was obtained at a molar ratio of triglycerol to lauric acid of 1.08, a reaction temperature of 84.93℃, a reaction time of 6 h and an enzyme dosage of 1.32%. After purification by molecular distillation combined with the washes with ethyl acetate and water, the purity of TGML reached 98.3%. Through characterization by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance, the structure of TGML was identified as a linear triglycerol combined with lauroyl at the end. Finally, the inhibitory effects of TGML on the growths of A. parasiticus and A. flavus and the secretion of aflatoxin b1 were evaluated by measuring the colony diameter, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth and the content of mycotoxin in the media. The results indicated that TGML had a stronger inhibitory effects on colony growth and mycelial development of both toxic molds compared to sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, and the secretions of toxins from A. parasiticus and A. flavus were completely suppressed when adding TGML at 10 and 5 mM, respectively. Based on the above results, TGML may be used as a substitute for traditional antifungal agents in the food industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1586-1597
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• 2013

Energy-efficient metabolic responses were often noted in high-productive cultures. To better understand these metabolic responses, an investigation into the relationship between metabolic responses and energy regulation was conducted via a comparative analysis among cultures with different energy source supplies. Both glycolysis and glutaminolysis were studied through the kinetic analyses of major extracellular metabolites concerning the fast and slow cell growth stages, respectively, as well as the time-course profiles of intracellular metabolites. In three cultures showing distinct antibody productivities, the amino acid metabolism and energy state were further examined. Both the transition of lactate from production to consumption and steady intracellular pools of pyruvate and lactate were observed to be correlated with efficient energy regulation. In addition, an efficient utilization of amino acids as the replenishment for the TCA cycle was also found in the cultures with upregulated energy metabolism. It was further revealed that the inefficient energy regulation would cause low cell productivity based on the comparative analysis of cell growth and productivity in cultures having distinct energy regulation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3197-3203
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• 2013

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate proliferation, invasion and metastasis are considered to be the principal molecular basis of tumor heterogeneity. Breast cancer is not a homogeneous tissue. Thus, it is very important to perform microarray-based miRNA screening of tumors at different sites. Methods: Breast tissue samples from the centers and edges of tumors of 30 patients were classified into 5 clinicopathological subtypes. In each group, 6 specimens were examined by microRNA array. All differential miRNAs were analyzed between the edges and centers of the tumors. Results: Seventeen kinds of miRNAs were heterogeneously distributed in the tumors from different clinicopathological subtypes that included 1 kind of miRNA in Luminal A and Luminal B Her2+ subtypes, 4 kinds in Luminal A and Her2 overexpression subtypes, 6 kinds in Luminal B Ki67+ and Luminal B Her2+ subtypes, 2 kinds between Luminal B Ki67+ and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, 2 kinds between Luminal B Her2+ and TNBC subtypes, and 2 kinds between Luminal B Ki67+, Luminal B Her2+, and TNBC subtypes. Twenty kinds of miRNAs were homogenously distributed in the tumors from different clinicopathological subtypes that included 6 kinds of miRNAs in Luminal B Ki67+ and Luminal B Her2+ subtypes, 1 kind in Luminal B Ki67+ and Her2 overexpression subtypes, 10 kinds between Luminal B Ki67+ and TNBC subtypes, 2 kinds in Luminal B Her2+ and TNBC subtypes, and 1 kind between Luminal B Ki67+, Luminal B Her2+, and TNBC subtypes. Conclusions: A total of 37 miRNAs were significantly distributed in tumors from the centers to edges, and in all clinicopathological subtypes.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1695-1705
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• 2016

With the rapid development of global economic and trade, the ports in the North-east Asia region have developed greatly. In such a fierce competition, how to ascertain right evaluation methods to assess the competitiveness of the ports, and make scientific and rational development strategy for upgrading the overall level of competitiveness of ports in North-east Asia, has become the first task for all the ports for coping with the challenges. As China's sustained economic growth of more than 30 years, the economic power and comprehensive national strength has been changed, China's international status has been greatly improved. Also China has achieved remarkable new results in the construction of peripheral diplomacy, and further has consolidated the relationship of countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt. The strong position of RMB in foreign exchange market and the implementation of the strategy of "area" opening to the outside world accelerated economic belt along the silk road in China to the west open pace. On the basis of the SWOT analysis of the Lianyungang Port, combined with the comprehensive and practical port competitiveness evaluation indicators system and competitiveness evaluation method, calculate the competitiveness level of Lianyungang port in East China, and find out the problems must be solved. The development strategies for Lianyungang port under One Belt One Road were suggested.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2019

[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging has been widely used in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) plays important roles in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between [18F]FDG accumulation and ATAD2 expression remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ATAD2 expression and [18F]FDG uptake in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that ATAD2 expression was positively correlated with maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression and hexokinase2 (HK2) expression in LUAD tissues. In addition, ATAD2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, [18F]FDG uptake and lactate production of LUAD cells, while, ATAD2 overexpression exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, ATAD2 modulated the glycometabolism of LUAD via AKT-GLUT1/HK2 pathway, as assessed using LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT pathway). In summary, to explore the correlation between ATAD2 expression and glycometabolism is expected to bring good news for anti-energy metabolism therapy of cancers.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

This preliminary study examines historical background of construction, establishment process, and destroy process for the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan in Myeong-Ju during the Song Dynasty. The research was conducted based on local journals at that time. The Myeong-Ju is one of the famous port cities for marine trade. The Myeong-Ju had a good relationship with the Goryeo. Especially, the Song Dynasty built the Goryo-sa-haeng-guan for Goryeo envoys and traders to maintained a good partnership with Goryeo. A comprehensive review on records and historical issues of the Goryeo-sa-haeng-guan helps us to understand foreign policy and inter-relationship between Korean and China.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

유라시아의 지역 내 인프라 연결과 협력에 관하여 많은 국가들이 다양한 정책을 추진하고 있는 가운데 중국은 일대일로 사업을 제시했으며, 60여 개국 이상이 사업에 참여하면서 중국은 유라시아 물류 인프라 개발에서 매우 큰 영향력을 행사하게 될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구는 사회네트워크 방법론을 통해 주요 철도역에 대한 네트워크를 분석했다. 유라시아 대륙의 대표적 철도노선인 TAR, TEN-T, TRACECA, GMS 경로를 통해 65개 국가, 994개 철도역에 대한 네트워크를 구성했으며, SNA의 측면에서 주요 철도역에 대한 특징을 제시하고, 중국과 전체 유라시아 네트워크를 비교했다. 유라시아 및 중국 네트워크에 대한 분석을 통해 연결중심성과 매개중심성에서 각각 상위 30개 역을 제시했으며, 연결성 측면에서 태국 방콕, 조지아의 트빌리시, 아제르바이젠의 바쿠, 중국의 쿤밍, 루마니아의 부쿠레슈티 등이, 매개성 측면에서 아제르바이젠의 바쿠, 알야트, 중국의 바오지, 투르판, 우즈베키스탄의 카르시, 터키의 카스 등이 높은 순위를 보였다. 또한, 중국 네트워크에서는 쿤밍, 난닝, 거쥬역의 연결성과 바오지, 쿤밍, 란저우역 등의 매개성이 높게 도출되었다. 중국에서 추진하는 일대일로 사업은 유라시아 전체의 인프라 연결 확충을 기본 전제로 하고 있지만, 중국과의 연계성 강화를 위한 인프라 개발에 높은 비중이 예상되며, 이런 관점에서 국제 물류 거점에 대한 연구는 중국 네트워크에서 차지하는 중요성을 병행해서 검토할 필요가 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

송(宋)대 민남(?南)지역의 수출 도자기 융합현상 분석 중국 송(宋)나라 시대(960-1279) 민남(?南)에서 제작된 도자기는 필리핀, 태국 등 동남아시아지역을 비롯한 한국, 일본, 멀리는 아프리카까지 무역을 통해 수출되었다. 중국 역사에서 3대 해양무역의 제품인 도자기를 통해 국내를 비롯한 해외와 교역하면서 왕성하게 발전하였다. 민남의 청자가 세계적으로 알려진 것에는 당시 민남 지역만의 지리적, 문화적, 정치적, 경제적 특성들이 조화롭게 상호작용을 통해 융합된 결과이기도 하다. 이는 민남 도자기가 중국 도자기 역사상 유일한 융합의 가치를 세운 근본 원인이기도 하다. 또한, 이러한 민남 도자기는 특수한 문화적 융합의 형태와 산업 모델을 제시하였다. 이 연구에서는 민남에서 보이고 있는 다양한 융합현상을 지리적, 문화적, 정치적, 경제적 환경에서 발생한 민남 도자기의 특성을 통해 분석한다. 이를 통해 도자분야의 지속적 발전을 위한 새로운 패러다임으로서 환경적 영향에 의한 융합의 가능성을 전망해보고자 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1987

Dan-Ryong is the traditional clothing that was worn the entire of oriental nations, and it was spreaded from Sun-Bi tribe to China about A.D. 4C. The first, the name of Dan-Ryong was translated with 25-Sa and Ancient-History Book. Among the name of Dan-Ryong, the follows were different between the name and shape. Jang-Bok was the colored Dan-Ryong, So-Bok was the unfigured black Dan-Ryong and removed Hyung-Bae, Ea-Mun-Pho was the Dan-Ryong of embroidered figure poetry, and Ja-Sam was the real short and tight Dan-Ryong. The second, some problems were given by translated Dan-Ryong's name. The results of the problems were as follows; 1. Dan-Ryong was oriented from Won-Wi. 2. At Su-Dynasty, there was going to the persuit of Han-Dynasty Courtesy, but they liked useful custom. Therefore Dan-Ryong was worn in daily life among the population. 3. At Dang-Dynasty, Ho-Bok was devided with three meanings. The first was Go-Sub, the second was Dan-Ryong of Buk-Jo about A.D. 3$\~$5 C and the last meaning was the clothing of Uighur, Turkey, Persia and etc. about A.D. 7 C. 4. The name of neck-line shape was started at Song and the majority arised about A.D. 12 C. and Dan-Ryong was only arised at Myong-Dynasty. 5. Gok-Ryong, except Song-Sa and Sam-Je-He-Bo, was different from Dan-Ryong and it was shape of neck-line inside of Jik-Ryong.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

In ancient times, architectural design was seen as a critical task in building technologies. Specifically, form, dimension and structural design are of significant. These aspects are associated with each other and to be emerged as a whole. Designing plan dimension was deemed to be the core of design technology due to its close relationship with module system. Thus, its evolution as well as development process typically represents and reflects the spirits and contents of design technologies in ancient China. In China, the materials regarding ancient architectural technology include Yingzaofashi(營造法式) of Song Dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) of Qing Dynasty. They show many aspects concerning materials, structure, scale system and building. In Yingzaofashi, although the length of objects are decided by 'cai(材)' and 'fen(分)', there are no regulations on length, width and height of a building. However, in the construction of ancient buildings, the above mentioned basic scales are very important in both design and construction. The present paper attempts to discuss the significance, namely, the design principles of length, with and height of ancient chinese architecture.