• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.217-230
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review studies on somatization disorder in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: We reviewed studies in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to 2017. Keywords were 軀體化障碍, Somatization disorder, somatic symptom disorder. We included Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), and excluded non-Randomized Controlled Trial (nRCT), non-related somatization disorder or traditional Chinese medicine, non-clinical trials, dissertations for degrees. Jadad scale and Cochrane Library's Risk of Bias (RoB) were used for assessment of the quality of studies. Results: Twelve studies were selected. The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3 (CCMD-3) was most frequently used as diagnostic criteria for somatization disorder. As for outcome measurement, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) was used most commonly. Meta-analysis of 10 studies revealed effective rate of Chinese Herbal Medicine groups (CHM) was significantly higher than Western Medicine groups (WM) (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.27, p=0.02, $I^2=40%$). There was no significant difference in effective rate of CHM+WM and WM (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.49, p=0.46, $I^2=83%$). And also, effective rate of Acupuncture group (Acu) revealed no significant difference compared to that of WM (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.44, p=0.13, $I^2=84%$). For HAMD, there was significant difference in CHM vs, WM group and Acu vs. WM group. Quality of selected 12 RCTs was low. Conclusions: Therapies practiced in traditional Chinese medicine may be effective options for somatization disorder. treatment. For further clinical studies in Korean medicine, this study could be groundwork for development of diagnosis and treatment on somatization disorder.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2022

Objective : Childhood trauma is a risk factor for and resilience is a protective factor against later affective symptoms. The current study aimed to explore the relation between childhood trauma and anxiety symptoms and the mediating effect of resilience in a sample of college students. Methods : Data from 238 subjects who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were analyzed. Predictors for BAI score and factor analyzed anxiety symptom dimensions were examined using regression models. Path analytic models were applied to test the mediating effect of the CD-RICS score on BAI score. Results : The CTQ score was significantly associated with the BAI score and the mediating effect of CD-RISC was significant as well. The cognitive dimension of anxiety was related to emotional abuse while the somatic dimension of anxiety to physical neglect. The CD-RISC score did not mediate those relations between anxiety dimensions and individual types of childhood trauma. Conclusion : Our data suggest that childhood trauma contributes to adult anxiety symptoms. There may be specific relations between types of childhood trauma and anxiety symptoms dimensions.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2020

Background: This study aims to analyze the job stress of dental hygienists and the factors affecting somatization and to provide basic data for effectively managing job stress and somatization of dental hygienists. Methods: In this study, the data collected from 208 dental hygienists working in Jeollabuk-do Province were analyzed. Job stress was investigated using a questionnaire with 43 questions. In addition, the degree of somatization was evaluated through a simplified psychotherapy examination (Symptom Check List-90-Revision). Results: Age, employment history, position, average monthly income, night duty execution status, and perceived health status were significantly associated with job stress (p<0.05). The job stress sub-items scores based on general characteristics showed significance in 'workload' for those working a five-day workweek and perceived health status (p<0.05). Age, average monthly income, and perceived health status were noted in 'role conflict as a professional'. In 'lack of expertise and skill', it was noted that age, employment history, position, income, and night clinic were implemented. In 'improper treatment and interpersonal issues', level of education and perceived health status were significant (p<0.05). The higher the job stress, the higher the somatization symptom score (p<0.05), and the higher the job stress component, the higher the somatization symptom score (p<0.01). Conclusion: The job stress of dental hygienists should be reduced, and the symptoms of somatization should be mitigated. To improve the quality of medical services and the work efficiency of dental hygienists, proper treatment and compensation systems should be implemented for them to take pride as professional. Further, programs and regulations on mitigating job stress and somatization symptoms should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Depression and the Irritability for parents of children aged 6-17 years. Methods: Participants were 190 children diagnosed with depressive disorder (n=14), anxiety disorder (n=21), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=111), ADHD with anxious depression (n=13), and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (n=31). Patients were 8-15 years of age. The participants' mothers completed the Korean versions of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-PROMIS Depression and Irritability (Affective Reactivity Index, ARI), and the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Using these data, we calculated the reliability coefficient and examined the concurrent and discriminant validity of the PROMIS Depression and the Irritability (ARI) scales for assessing depression and irritability in children. Results: The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Depression scale (Cronbach's α) was 0.93. The correlation coefficient with the K-CBCL DSM emotional problem score was 0.71. The PROMIS Depression scale significantly discriminated children with depressive disorders from those with other conditions. The reliability coefficient of the Irritability (ARI) scale was 0.91, suggesting its high reliability. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure for Depression and Irritability Scales for parents of children aged 6-17 years is reliable and valid and may be an efficient alternative to the K-CBCL.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2015

Objectives The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristic depressive symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder in comparison to patients with depressive disorder. Methods This study included 132 patients with SAD, 128 panic disorder and 64 depressive disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymia etc.) patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders. The Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) is used to measure depressive symptoms. We divided BDI into three categories originally described by Shafer AB, including negative attitude toward self, performance impairment, and somatic symptoms. We compared the depressive symptoms of SAD, panic disorder and depressive disorder by using ANOVA. Results Negative attitude toward self was noticeable in SAD (SAD $0.54{\pm}0.23$, panic disorder $0.41{\pm}0.17$, depressive disorder $0.46{\pm}0.11$, p < 0.001). Performance impairment and somatic symptoms were remarkable in panic disorder than in SAD and depressive disorder (performance impairment : SAD $0.39{\pm}0.21$, panic disorder $0.44{\pm}0.14$, depressive disorder $0.40{\pm}0.09$, p = 0.009 ; somatic symptoms : SAD $0.07{\pm}0.10$, panic disorder $0.15{\pm}0.12$, depressive disorder $0.14{\pm}0.08$, p < 0.001). Conclusions The results facilitate an approach to optimal treatment for patients with comorbidity of anxiety disorder and depression.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2013

연구목적 D형 인격(Type D personality)은 본래 심장 질환의 예후와 관련되는 성격 인자에 관한 연구에서 처음 제안되었고 이후 연구들에서는 다양한 내과적 질환들에서 D형 인격이 관련된다는 것을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 우울증 환자의 신체화 증상과 D형 인격의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 우울 장애로 진단 받은 82명의 환자를 대상으로 D형 인격척도인 DS-14(Type D personality scale 14)를 사용하여 D형 인격 여부를 조사하였다. PHQ-9, PHQ-15(환자 건강 설문지, Patient health questionnaire-9,15)를 사용하여 우울증의 심각도와 신체화 경향에 대하여 평가하였고, TAS-20(한국판 토론토 감정표현불능증 척도, The Korean version of 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale)으로 감정표현불능증의 정도를 측정하였다. Student t-test와 선형 회귀분석을 시행하였고, 단계적(stepwise) 변수 추출을 통해 가장 설명력이 높은 모형을 선정하여 신체 증상에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하였다. 결 과 전체 대상자의 절반 이상(56%)이 PHQ-15에서 중증의 신체 증상을 호소하였고, 63.4%가 D형 인격으로 판정되었다. D형 인격군은 대조군에 비하여 PHQ-15 점수가 유의하게 높았다(PHQ-15 mean=12.7, $p=8.2{\times}10^{-7}$). 회귀 분석에서 최종적으로 선정된 모형은 연령, PHQ-9, 그리고 DS-14의 하위영역인 NA가 포함된 모형이었으며, 이들 중 연령($p=1.5{\times}10^{-3}$)과 NA($p=1.5{\times}10^{-7}$)가 신체 증상에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 변인으로 분석되었다. 결 론 본 연구 결과는 D형 인격이 우울증 환자의 신체 증상 호소의 강력한 예측 인자임을 시사한다. 특히 사회적 억제 성향보다 부정적 정서 성향이 신체화 경향과 더 관련성이 깊었다는 결과는 기존의 신체화에 대한 이해, 즉 부정적 정서를 표현해내는 능력이 결여된 경우 이를 신체 증상으로 표출한다는 설명과는 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 감정표현불능증이 유의한 예측인자가 아닌 것으로 나타났다는 결과 또한 이러한 차이와 관련된다. 그러나 사회적 억제 성향과 부정적 정서 성향(r=0.65), 감정표현불능증(r=0.44) 간에는 높은 상관 관계를 보였기 때문에 이를 고려한 대규모 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.489-496
• /
• 1997

In other to study relationship of anxiety and serum cholesterol in general population, we performed the interview survey and screening test for the Ju-am cohort and residents in controlling area at 1995. Among them, 622 people are selected for this analysis. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Anxiety and total serum cholesterol related each other in the group of anxiety. Correlation coefficient was 0.39(p<0.01). 2. According to the result of multiple regression that the total serum cholesterol regarded as the dependent variable, anxiety and total serum cholesterol were related each other positively in the group of anxiety(p<0.05). 3. As the symptoms of anxiety was dichotomized affective and somatic symptom. There was no relationship of 2 symptoms and total serum cholesterol in all subjects, but there was more relationship on the affective symptom than on the somatic symptom in the group of anxiety(p<0.05). The above results show that anxiety and total serum cholesterol related each other significantly in the anxiety group. And the relationship of psychological factors and serum cholesterol could be applied significantly in general population as well as in the special group.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.378-387
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate factors related to the depression of the elderly dwelling in a big city, and to explore the influence of physical health, cognitive symptom and nutritional status on the elders' depression. Methods: After the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and obtaining the participants' consent form, a face to face and private interview was conducted with each participant from Mar, 2007 to Aug, 2007 by trained graduate level students. A total of 201 elders aged over 65 years participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of K GDS, PHQ 15 and Nutritional Screening Initiative (NSI). Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 13.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) 28.4% of the subjects belonged to the depression group, 78.1% had one or more diseases, 85.6% had experienced somatic symptoms, and 49.7% belonged to the nutritional risk group. 2) Older age, lower educational level, more pocket money a larger number of diseases, more severe cognitive symptoms and poorer nutritional status were significantly related to a higher depression score. 3) Significant factors influencing depression were nutritional status, cognitive symptoms and the number of diseases, which explained 38.1% of the variance of elderly depression, and nutritional status was the most influencing factor. Conclusion: The finding of this study gives useful information for developing assessment tools and interventions for elders' depression.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2004

The primary purpose of this study was to describe psychological aspects of menopausal women who have experiences on alternative therapies, such as pomegranate tree fluid, life pack, evening primerose, zacro syrup, zacro pill, multi-vitamin, oriental medicine instead of estrogen. In order to have insights on the participants behaviors, this qualitative research was conducted. The participants in this study were six women who have been taking at least one of the alternative therapies to relieve the menopausal symptom. Data had been collected from November 2002 to May 2003. The interview questions were about motivations to seek the alternative therapy, menopausal symptoms, feelings or positive effects after the treatment. The interviews were recorded and transcribed into written documents. The method described by Giorgi was utilized for data analysis. The study results were as follows : 1. The participants sought the alternative therapy based on their own information or by friends' recommendations. The motivations of taking the therapy were to live younger and healthier by reliving menopausal symptoms including somatic symptoms, such as irregular menstruation, flushing sense, cold sweating, insomnia, dull headache, vagina dryness, cystitis after sexual intercourse, joint pain, nervousness, depression, skin dryness, and suppression of activity. 2. The participants expressed that they became more active and felt better with disappearing menopausal symptoms after about 2 to 3 weeks treatment. 3. The participants did not want to accept the fact that they had menopause, which caused avoidance of having medical diagnosis and medical treatment. They also did not want to let their spouses know about their symptoms. 4. The major reason of taking the alternative therapy was to avoid the side effects of estrogen therapy in spite of high costs of the alternative way. 5. The participants suggested that menopausal women needed to be educated about physical and psychological symptoms of menopause. They also needed to be informed about how to manage it. In conclusion, accurate information about foods and drugs utilized for the alternative therapy was needed. Medically proved methods to recognize positive effects and side effects were also necessary. These goals could be achieved by continuous medical observations and further research.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 전환장애 증상 중 우울감을 경험하는 60대 여성 22명을 대상으로 2021년 1월26일부터 2월9일까지 실험집단 대상의 연구를 시행하였다. 60대 노년여성의 우울감 감소와 신체증상 완화를 위해 통합심리학적 치료 프로그램인 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고, 연구 대상자들의 사전-사후 변화를 비교 분석하여 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 22명의 60대 여성을 대상으로 한국형 노인 우울 검사(K-GDS), 증상해석 질문지(SIQ), Hamilton 우울 평가척도 설문지, PHQ-9 및 대인관계 척도(RCS)를 실시하였다. 이후 사전-사후 대응 표본 t 검정, 상관분석과 다중 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 본 연구가 개발한 집단상담 프로그램을 통하여 60대 여성의 우울감 감소, 신체증상 완화, 부정적 정서 및 부정적 신념 감소, 대인관계에 긍정적인 변화가 나타나 그 효과를 실증적으로 입증하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의와 한계를 논의하였다.