• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1996

최근에 식물을 이용한 탄화수소화합물의 정화방법은 특히, 넓은 범위에 거쳐 저농도로 오염되어 있는 토양인 경우에 앞으로 각광을 받을 가능성이 높은 새로운 연구분야로 주목을 받아왔다. 이의 기술을 실제 오염토양에 바로 적용하기전 적절한 설계에 필요한 예측 모델링의 필요성이 함께 요구되고 있다. 현재 녹지토양내의 용질과 식물과의 상호작용에 관한 많은 모델들이 나와있지만 대부분이 이온상태의 무기영향물이나 금속류의 경우에만 한정되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양내의 탄화수소화합물의 생물학적정화에 미치는 식물의 영향을 예측하기 위한 기본 수학적 모델식을 제안 하였다. 먼저 토양내의 식물뿌리가 토양수분과 오염물에게 미치는 영향과 비포화계층에서의 오염물의 이동현상 및 토양내 기/액상간의 물질전달을 수학적으로 나타내고자 하였으며 시간의 변화와 토양깊이별 식물의 오염물의 동태에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션하기 위하여 식물뿌리의 시간에 따른 양적성장과 깊이별 분포정도를 예측하기 위한 관계식도 아울러 모델링에 포함하였다. 오염물의 식물내의 흡수 및 생물막이론을 이용한 식물뿌리근처에서의 생물학적 분해에 관한 현상도 관계식을 이용 설명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 식물영향하의 탄화수소화합물의 토양내의 동태해석을 위한 모델식은 실제로 탄화수소화합물에 의해 오염된 토양을 식물을 이용하여 정화하고자 할때, 필요한 기본설계도구로서 유용하게 쓰여질 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.562-569
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• 1994

$ C_{18}$ 및 Phenyl 컬럼에서 메탄올-물 및 아세토니트릴-물 혼합액을 이동상으로 하여 21종의 페놀일치환체들의 머무름을 조사하여 치환기가 머무름에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 아미노페놀을 제외한 모든 시료의 머무름은 Phenyl 컬럼보다 $ C_{18}$컬럼에서 더 컸으며, 두 이동상에 대해서는 물의 부피퍼센트가 같을때 메탄올계에서 더 컸다. 일반적으로 일치환 페놀류의 파라 이성질체는 메타 이성질체보다 빨리 용리되었고, 오르토와 메타 이성질체 사이에서는 용리순서가 치환기의 극성에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 페놀 일치환체들의 머무름은 시료와 미반응된 실란올과의 상호작용의 영향을 받는대 이러한 미반응된 실란올의 영향은 치환기의 hydrogen bonding acceptor basicity(${\beta}$)가 클수록 크게 나타났고 Phenyl 컬럼보다 $ C_{18}$ 컬럼에서 이들의 영향이 크게 나타났다. 시료의 van der Waals volume(VWV)과 ${\beta}$값을 함께 고려한 파라미터 (1.01VWV/100-1.84${\beta}$)와 시료의 머무름(log k')과는 좋은 직선관계가 있다. 따라서 $ C_{18}$ 및 Phenyl 컬럼에서 페놀 일치환체들의 머무름은 시료의 (1.01VWV/100-1.84${\beta}$)값으로 쉽게 예측할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 분석과학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.408-417
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• 1997

기능성 헤테로 고리 화합물의 구조 이성질체를 정상 및 역상 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리하고, 이들 분리를 위한 최적 조건을 알코올 변형체(modifier)를 포함한 삼성분 이동상(ternary solvent system)을 이용하여 조사했다. 삼성분 이동상의 경우 알코올 변형체가 컬럼의 활성 표면에 우선적으로 상호작용하여 비활성화(deactivation)시킴으로써 용질의 머무름을 감소시키고 꼬리 끌림(tailing)을 억제하여 분리선택성이 좋아지는 것으로 보인다. 구조 이성질체 분리의 경우 정상 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용할 경우가 분리 선택성이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 헤테로 고리 화합물들의 머무름 거동은 역상 액체 크로마토그래피의 경우는 시료와 정지상과의 소수성 상호작용등으로 설명할 수 있었고, 정상 액체 크로마토그래피의 경우는 시료 분자와 충진제의 흡착표면과의 흡착력으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

Two types of nanoclusters, termed Cluster (1) and Cluster (2) here, both play an important role in the age-hardening behavior in Al-Mg-Si alloys. Small amounts of additions of Cu and Ag affect the formation of nanoclusters. Two exothermic peaks were clearly detected in differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) curves by means of peak separation by the Gaussian method in the base, Cu-added, Ag-added and Cu-Ag-added Al-Mg-Si alloys. The formation of nanoclusters in the initial stage of natural aging was suppressed in the Ag-added and Cu-Ag-added alloys, while the formation of nanoclusters was enhanced at an aging time longer than 259.2 ks(3 days) of natural aging with the addition Cu and Ag. The formation of nanoclusters while aging at $100^{\circ}C$ was accelerated in the Cu-added, Ag-added and Cu-Ag-added alloys due to the attractive interaction between the Cu and Ag atoms and the Mg atoms. The influence of additions of Cu and Ag on the clustering behavior during low-temperature aging was well characterized based on the interaction energies among solute atoms and on vacancies derived from the first-principle calculation of the full-potential Korrinaga-Kohn-Rostoker(FPKKR)-Green function method. The effects of low Cu and Ag additions on the formation of nanoclusters were also discussed based on the age-hardening phenomena.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2000

A series of pH/temperature sensitive polymers were synthesized by copolymerizing N-isopro-pyl acrylamide(NIPAAm) and acrylic acid(AAc) . The influence of polyelectrolyte between poly(allyl amine) (PAA) and poly(L-lysine)(PLL) on the lower critical solution temperature(LCST) of pH/temperature sensitive polymer was compared in the range of pH 2∼12. The LCST of PNIPAAm/water in aqueous poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) solution was determined by cloud point measurements. A polyelectrolyte complex was prepared by mixing poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) with poly(allyl amine) (PAA) or poly(L-lysine) (PLL) solutions as anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, respectively. The effect of polyelectrolyte complex formation on the conformation of PLL was studied as a function of temperature by means of circular dichroism(CD). The cloud points of PNIPAAm in the aqueous copolymers solutions were stongly affected by pH, the presence of polyelectrolyte solute, AAc content, and charge density. The polyelectrolyte complex was formed at neutral condition. The influence of more hydrophobic PLL as a polyelectrolyte on the cloud point of PNIPAAm in the aqueous copolymer solution was stronger than that of poly(allyl amine)(PAA). Although polymer-polymer complex was formed between poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) and PLL, the conformational change of PLL did not occur due to steric hinderance of bulky N-isopropyl groups of PNIPAAm.

• 멤브레인
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

이온성 고분자에 비이온성 고분자를 섞어 이온 함량을 조절함으로써 다양한 전하량을 갖는 이온성 막을 제조하였다. 비이온성 고분자로는 폴리비닐알콜, 음이온성 고분자로는 알긴산 나트륨, 양이온성 고분자로는 키토산을 사용하였으며, 이들 이온성 고분자막을 사용하여 여러 전해질 수용액에 대한 투과 및 분리특성을 관찰하였다. 막 내부에 이온성 고분자 함량이 많을수록 친수성 특성을 보였으며, 순수투과 및 용액투과 속도가 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었고, 또한 투과속도는 막의 팽윤 거동에 의해 결정됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 용질 배제율의 경우는 막과 투과용질간의 정전기적 인력, 즉 Donnan exclusion에 의해 결정이 되며, 정전기적 인력이 비슷한 경우는 분자체 효과에 의해 분리됨이 관찰되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1963

Authors propose a new technique using polyethylene film instead of sodium chloride window as a cell material. Nujol mulls, liquids and aqueous solutions are sandwitched between two pieces of polyethylene film which are held between cardboards. Ordinary lead or stainless steel spacers could be used if exact cell thickness is desired. A more elaborate cell can be assembled by injecting samples between two pieces of polyethylene film which are placed between sodium chloride windows of ordinary demountable liquid cell. The absorption bands due to polyethylene and Nujol are compensated by placing the polyethylene film of suitable thickness in the reference beam. The absorption bands due to solvents such as water can also be compensated by the polyethylene film cell sandwitched solvent of suitable thickness in the reference beam. This method would be a simple new technique. Especially this technique may offer a new helpful way for the investigation of the state of substances in aqueous system. Using this technique, authors have observed the appearance of an absorption bands at 3.2 micron, in the spectrum of phenol in aqueous solution, that is absent in the spectrum of phenol in benzene solution. The same absorption band also has been observed in the spectra of aqueous formaldehyde solution and aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, where the absorption bands due to polyethylene and water are compensated. Although it may be regarded that this absorption band is related to the intermolecular interaction between water and the solute having OH group, that is hydrogen bonding. The exact assignment of this absorption band is out of this work.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2005

There has been a growing interest in NF membrane for drinking water treatment, because it can remove simultaneously both hardness and hazardous micro pollutants such as pesticides and THM precursors. In this work, a hollow fiber NF membrane known as a composite membrane was employed for the rejection properties of both hydrophilic solutes and micro organic pollutants, where the former was used to evaluate the molecular sieving effect of this membrane and the latter was employed for the investigation of solute-membrane interaction as hydrophobic materials. This membrane effectively rejected the hydrophilic solutes and the permeation of them was mainly controlled by the molecular sieving effects such as molecular weight and molecular width. In the case of all micro organic pollutants, the rejections were varied from 42.2% for Simazine to 91.6% for Malathion, and the parameters related to the steric hindrance could significantly play an important role in the rejection. In the batch type adsorption experiments, all micro organic pollutants were entrapped mildly on the membrane in spite of lower degree compared with that of aromatic compounds, and they were correlated with log K.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2040-2044
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• 2006

Dielectric studies of methyl acrylate with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-heptanol and 1-octanol binary mixtures have been carried out over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 10 GHz at temperatures of 283, 293, 303 and 313 K using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) for various concentrations. The Kirkwood correlation factor and excess inverse relaxation time were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular structure and dynamics of the mixture. The values of the static dielectric constant, relaxation time and the Kirkwood correlation factor decrease with increased concentration of methyl acrylate in alcohol. The Bruggman plot shows a non-linearity of the curves for all the systems studied indicates the heterointeraction which may be due to hydrogen bonding of the OH group of alcohol with C=O of the methyl acrylate. The excess inverse relaxation time values are negative for all the systems at all the temperatures indicates that the solute-solvent interaction hinders the rotation of the dipoles of the system.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 1998

This paper deals with an extended analytical solution for the mixture solidification problem, in which temperature is inherently coupled with the solute transport due to the presence of volume contraction induced flow. A new exact solution to the energy equation accounting for the convection effect in the melt is successfully derived, which allows the present analysis to cover a high initial superheating. Difference in properties between the solid and liquid phases is rigorously incorporated into the model equations in the solid fraction weighted form. Taking advantage of linearized correction factors, a systematic and easy-to-implement algorithm for determining the solidus and liquidus positions is introduced, which proves not only to converge stably but also to be very efficient. For a specific case, the present results show excellent agreements with the existing solution. The effect of convection in the melt becomes appreciable with increasing the initial superheating. It is revealed that variable properties in the mushy region significantly affect the solidification behaviors. The present study is also capable of resolving the interaction between microsegregation and macrosegregation.