• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This research was conducted to examine the usability of Dangui (Angelica gigas Nakai, Root) and Seungumcho (Angelica gigas Nakai, Leaf) as functional food in aspects of their functional components and nitrite scavenging ability. Analysis of proximate composition showed that Dangui contains more moisture, crude lipid and crude protein than Seungumcho. On the other hand, Seungumcho contains more than twice mont of crude ash and crude fiber than Dangui. Dangui showed higher contents in phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and Seungumcho showed higher contents in copper, calcium, sodium, potassium compare to each other. Substances such as calcium, magnesium and iron that showed high contents in Dangui and Seungumcho are the most important inorganic substances. Total dietary fiber(TDF) of Dangui, sum of IDF and SDF, was 24.2%, and Seungumcho showed 28.18%. vitamin C contents of a 29.690.33 mg/100g appeared only in Seunggumcho. Total phenol contents of Dangui was 0.100${\pm}$002% and that of Seungumcho 0.0900${\pm}$008%. Nnitrite Scavenging ability of both water soluble and methanol soluble extracts were more than 90% at pH 1.2, and it decreased as pH level adjusted to pH 4.2, pH and 6.0.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Large amount of formaldehyde could be released inevitably during the flame-retardant (FR) treatments or from the finished fabrics using Provatex reagent and Proban polymers which have been used as durable FRs for cotton. A water-soluble cyclophosphazene derivative was synthesized as an ecofriendly phosphorus-based FR for cotton fibers. Dichloro tetrakis{N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamido} cyclcophosphazene (DCTDCP) was synthesized through the substiutution reaction of Hexachloro cyclophosphazene and N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide at a mole ratio of 1 : 4, which can be cured dually by both alkaline treatment and UV irradiation. More crosslinked networks were produced through the addition of Triacryloyl hexahydrotriazine and Acrylamide as a UV-curable crosslinker and a comonomer respectively. Both flame retardancy and washing durability of the FR cotton were improved synergistically. The durability improvement may be caused by the covalent bond formation of the FR with cellulose and the high degree of polymerization of DCTDCP, which can be verified by the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors analyzed by LOI, TGA, and microcalorimeter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.623-634
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• 2014

This study examined a feasibility of coagulation as post-treatment to remove sulfide and phosphorus for the effluent of anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) treating domestic wastewater. Removal efficiencies of sulfide, phosphorus and COD by coagulation were not affected by pH in the range of 5.9 to 7.2. Alkalinity requirement could be estimated by the amount of $Fe^{3+}$ to form $Fe(OH)_{3(S)}$ and to remove sulfide and phosphorus. At coagulant aid dosage of 2 mg/L, anionic polymer showed best results regarding size and settleability of flocs. Sulfide removal for the AFBR effluent at the $Fe^{3+}/S^{2-}$ ratio of 0.64, close to the theoretical value of 0.67 found with a synthetic wastewater, was only 75.2%. One of the reasons for this high $Fe^{3+}/S^{2-}$ ratio requirement is that the AFBR effluent contains sulfide, phosphorus, hydroxide and bicarbonate which can react with $Fe^{3+}$ competitively. Concentrations of sulfide and phosphorous reduced to below 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, at the $Fe^{3+}/S^{2-}$ ratio of 2.0. Average effluent COD of 80 mg/L, mostly soluble COD, was obtained at the dosage 50 mg $Fe^{3+}/L$ ($Fe^{3+}/S^{2-}$ ratio of 2.0) with corresponding COD removal of 55%. For better removal of COD, soluble COD removal at the AFBR should be enhanced. Coagulation with $Fe^{3+}$ removed sulfide, phosphorus and COD simultaneously in the AFBR effluent, and thus could be an alternative process for the conventional wastewater treatment processes where relatively high quality effluent is not required.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate change in influent concentration of domestic wastewater flowed from a newly constructed separate sewer system (SSS) and biological nutrients removal efficiency of a full scale Air-vent sequential batch reactor (SBR, $600m^3/d$). The average concentration of $BOD_5$, SS, T-N and T-P from SSS were 246.5 mg/L, 231.6 mg/L, 42.974 mg/L, 5.360 mg/L, respectively which corresponds to 2.2times, 1.2times, 1.8times and 2.1times higher than those from the conventional combined sewer system (CSS). The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P for the Air-vent SBR operated with influent from SSS averaged 99.1%, 99.0%, 91.2%, and 93.5%, respectively. Especially the respective nitrogen and phosphorus removal was 15% greater than that of the SBR operated with influent from CSS. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was observed in an aerobic reactor(II) as a result of DO concentration gradient developed along the depth by the Air-vent system. In order to achieve T-N removal greater than 90%, the C/N ratio should be over 6.0 and the difference between $BOD_5$ loading and nitrogen loading rate be over 100 kg/day (0.130 kg $T-N/m^3{\cdot}d$). Even with high influent T-P concentration of 5.360 mg/L from SSS (compared with 2.465 mg/L from CSS) T-P removal achieved 93.5% which was 15.5% higher than that of the SBR with influent from CSS. This is probably due to high influent $BOD_5$ concentration from SSS that could provide soluble carbon source to release phosphorus at anaerobic condition. In order to achieve T-P removal greater than 90%, the difference between $BOD_5$ loading and phosphorus loading rate should be over 100 kg /day (0.130 kg $T-N/m^3{\cdot}d$).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

To meet the reinforced discharge standards, effect of coagulant PAC (Poly aluminium chloride, 10.4% as $Al_2O_3$) on phosphorous removal in advanced wastewater treatment process (a modified $A^2$/O). 15 mg/L of PAC determined by jar-test was added to influent of settling basin in a modified $A^2$/O consists of anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic chamber which contains Bio-clod and porous polyurethane media. Performance of PAC was tested by supernatant after settling. The removal efficiencies of BOD, COD, TP (total phosphorus) and SP (soluble phosphorus) on biological process with PAC were 96.1%, 88.8%, 97.0% and 98.6%, compared with those on biological process without PAC were 95.4%, 72.4%, 71.6% and 59.5% respectively. 18.4% of TP and 39.1% of SP removal efficiency was increased, although increase of BOD and COD removal rate was not significant. Only PAC addition to influent of settling basin in $A^2O$ process can help total phosphorus removal to 0.13 mg/L with following discharge standard.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.358-362
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• 1984

Soybeans were soaked in water for 3 hrs and germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days followed by hot water extraction and boilding for 30 min. The prepared soymilk was analyzed for chemical composition, phytic acid and soluble minerals. Germination resulted in a slow decrease in total solids while protein recovery increased to a maximum of 92.5% after 2 days. Carbohydrate content was reduced to 65% by the 5th day of germination. The intial phytic acid content in soymilk of 1.26g recovered from 100g dry soybean was decreased by 41.3% while inorganic phosphorus increased more than four times from 31.3mg to 135.0mg. Total soluble minerals was also steadily increased.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1869-1879
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• 2023

Objective: This study was to evaluate the effects of individual or combinational use of phytase, protease, and xylanase on total tract digestibility of corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) fed to pigs. Methods: Each experiment had four 4×4 Latin squares using 16 barrows. Each period had 5-d adaptation and 3-d collection. All experiments had: CON (no enzyme); Phy (CON+phytase); Xyl (CON+xylanase); Pro (CON+protease); Phy+Xyl; Phy+Pro, Xyl+Pro, Phy+Xyl+Pro. Each Latin square had 'CON, Phy, Xyl, and Phy+Xyl'; 'CON, Phy, Pro, and Phy+Pro'; 'CON, Pro, Xyl, and Xyl+Pro'; and 'Phy+Xyl, Phy+Pro, Xyl+Pro, Phy+Xyl+Pro'. Results: The digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nitrogen retention (NR) of corn were not affected by enzymes but the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus (P) was improved (p<0.01) by Phy. The DE and ATTD dry matter (DM) in soybean meal were increased (p<0.05) by Phy+Pro and the ATTD P was improved (p<0.01) by Phy, Phy+Pro, and Phy+Xyl. The DE, ME, and ATTD DM in DDGS were improved (p<0.05) by Phy+Xyl and the ATTD P was improved (p<0.01) by Phy, Phy+Pro, and Phy+Xyl. Conclusion: Phytase individually or in combination with xylanase and protease improved the Ca and P digestibility of corn, soybean meal, and DDGS, from the hydrolysis of phytic acid. The supplementation of protease was more effective when combined with phytase and xylanase in the soybean meal and DDGS possibly due to a higher protein content in these feedstuffs. Xylanase was more effective in DDGS diets due to the elevated levels of non-starch polysaccharides in these feedstuffs. However, when xylanase was combined with phytase, it demonstrated a higher efficacy improving the nutrient digestibility of pigs. Overall, combinational uses of feed enzymes can be more efficient for nutrient utilization in soybean meal and DDGS than single enzymes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 1989

The morphology and flowering time of two Suaeda japonica populations from different habitats, the creek and the bank of the mudflat in Sorae, were surveyed. And standard transplantation and reciprocal transplantation were carried out to determine whether their characteristics were genetically fixed or not. Also soil sample of these habitats were analyzed. The amounts of loss on ignition, maximum field capacity, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and potassium, and soluble phosphorus were found to be significantly different between two habitats. Leaf thickness, leaf width, leaf length, stem height number of branches, and number of seeds were significantly different between plants of two populations. And flowering times of two populations did not overlap. According to the results of transplantation, leaf width, leaf thickness, and flowering times were the same as those at their original habitat. But the stem lenght, leaf lenght, number of branches and unmber of seeds were not. Therefore, the differences in the leaf length, leaf thickness, and flowering time seemed to bo genetically fixed. It were suggested that the creek bank populations of Suaeda japoinica were to be considered as different ecotypes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2014

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of five different waste combinations (C/N 15, C/N 20, C/N 25, C/N 30, and control) of sewage sludge coupled with sawdust and cattle manure in a pilot scale rotary drum reactor, during 20 days of the composting process. Our results showed that C/N 30 possesses a higher temperature regime with higher % reduction in moisture content, total organic carbon, soluble biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand; and higher % gain in total nitrogen and phosphorus at the end of the composting period implying the total amount of biodegradable organic material is stabilized. In addition, $CO_2$ evolution and oxygen uptake rate decreased during the process, reflecting the stable behavior of the final compost. A Solvita maturity index of 8 indicated that the compost was stable and ready for usage as a soil conditioner. The results indicated that composting can be an alternate technology for the management of sewage sludge disposal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1124-1127
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• 1999

In order to investigate the nutrients, such as amino acids and minerals concerned to propagate the cancer cells, cancerous tissues such as neuroblastoma with liver meta, cancer in situs. CIS, meta. squ. cell cancer, R/O squ. cell cancer, macro. RIF, metastatic papillary cancer. neck, stomach cancer, lung cancer, intestinal obs., 3 kinds of rectal cancers were analyzed. Tryptophane, a fat soluble amino acid, and minerals such phosphorus, sulfur and iron were contained exceptionally high in cancerous tissues than that of normal cells. And copper and zinc minerals were contained very low level in cancerous cells. Therefore, we can deduce that those constituents might be concerned to the formation of cancerous tissues.